华里士公式-莫哈默德
Land
意大利是一个南欧国家,国土大部在欧洲伸入地中海的亚平宁半
岛上,西北—东南走同,形
状狭长,西部的是撒丁王国的旧地撒丁岛,南部的西西里岛是意国另一个大的
岛屿,把这个
岛和意大利本土一块看,恰象一个脚在踢球.Italy is a southern
European countries, most in
Europe from
outside the Mediterranean Apennines land on the
peninsula.
Northwest-Southeast take the same
shape strip west of the Kingdom of Sardinia to the
old
Sardinian. Another is the view of the
southern island of Sicily, the largest island, a
piece of
the island and the Italian territory,
Health feet as a footballer.
意国最北部是横亘着的阿尔卑斯山脉
的一部分,它把意大利和法国、瑞士、前南斯拉夫分隔
开来,法、意边境上有欧洲的最高峰——勃朗峰。
Italy is the most northern part of the Alps,
which spans a part of its Italian and French,
Swiss, The separation of the former
Yugoslavia, France, Italy -- the peak of Mont
Blanc, Europe border.
接着下来的是波河平原,这个平原介于北部的阿尔卑斯山脉和亚平宁山脉之间。Next is the
eutrophication Plain, the plain between the
Alps and the northern Appenine Hills between.
发源于阿尔卑斯山脉的冰雪溶水的波河自西北向东南流入地中海,把两岸的泥沙冲积成了现
在窄三角状、
西北高东南低的波河平原。Originated in the Alps, the snow
dissolved water
fluctuated from northwest to
southeast into the Mediterranean. Now the two
sides have
become narrow triangular shaped
alluvial silt, the lower fluctuated southeast of
the
northwest high plains.
意大利的河流不多,最大的水系是波河水系。Italy not in the river,
the largest river systems
are fluctuated
stream. 最长的河是波河,长652公里。Eutrophication is the
longest river,
652 km long. 其他较大的河流,北部有阿迪杰河和皮牙
伟河,中部有阿尔诺河(流经佛罗伦
萨)和台伯河(流经罗马)。Other major
rivers in the north ADIGE Weihe teeth and skin.
central Arno (channeling Florence) and the
Tiber (flows through Rome).
意大利的河流由
于流量有限,很少用于航运。Due to the river flow will
be limited in Italy, seldom used
shipping.
再下来就是亚平宁山脉,南北纵贯于意大利,它把意大利导向地中海。Further down is
Appenine Hills, ran through the South and the
North in Italy, the Italian Mediterranean
orientation.
由于处于欧亚大陆、非洲大陆板块挤压带上,使意大利多山、多
丘陵,约占其境的80%,而
且多活火山,著名的火山有维苏威火山、埃特纳火山。As in
Europe and Asia, the African
continent onto
the plates, Italy mountainous terrain, more hills,
about 80% of its territory.
and most active
volcanoes, a famous volcanic basalt volcano, the
consequent cost of the
encryption software
key.
意大利境内有数千个大大小小的湖泊,其中最著名有北部的马焦
雷湖、科莫湖、卡尔达湖。Italy
there are thousands of large and small lakes, the
most
famous of which is the northern Maggiore,
Komodo Lake Calda Lake.
意大利境内还有两个主权袖珍国:梵帝冈教皇国和圣马利诺。Italy, there are
two sovereign
countries Pocket Pope : Vatican
City and San Marino.
气候 Climate
意大利
虽处在温带,但由于地形狭长,境内多山和位于地中海之中,各地的气候差异很大。
Although
Italy at temperate, but because of the terrain
strip, and the mountainous territory
located
in the Mediterranean, 's climate varies greatly.
北方地区冬季寒冷,一月份波河平
原的平均气温为零度,而阿尔卑斯山区气温可降到零下20度,有些山峰甚至终年积雪。Cold
northern winter, the average temperature of
January fluctuated plain zero. and the Alps
the temperature can drop to minus 20 degrees,
and even some mountain snow fields.
南
方地区,除内陆山区外,一月的平均气温可达到零上10度。The southern
region, with the
exception of the landlocked
mountainous areas, the average temperature in
January is 10
degrees can be achieved.
夏季整个意大利,除较海拔较高的山区外,平均气温在24-25
度。Italy
throughout the summer, with the exception than the
higher elevations in the
mountains, the
average temperature 24-25 degrees.
人口
Population
据1981年10月的人口普查,意大利人口5655万多人,估计现略有减
少,约等于我国人
口的二十分之一。According to the census in
October 1981, the Italian population of 56.55
million people, is estimated slight decline
equivalent to about one-twentieth of our
population. 男性占48.6%,女性占51.4%。Males accounted
for 48.6%, women accounted
for 51.4%.
工业人口占28.6%,服务业52.5%,92年的失业率10.2%。Industry
accounted for
28.6% of the population, the
unemployment rate of 10.2% 52.5%,92 services.
人口密度
190平方公里,是欧洲人口密度最高的国家之一。Population density
190 square kilometers,
is one of the highest
population densities in Europe. 然而,意大利人口的实际分部很不平衡:64%的人居住在只占13领土的平原地区、沿海地带、大中小城市的市区及周围。
Howev
er, the Italian branch of the actual population is
very uneven : 64% of people living
in only
one-third of the territory of the plains region,
coastal areas and small cities and the
surrounding urban areas.
历史上意大利人口迁移严重,曾有上千万意大利迁移到美洲、非洲和欧洲其他国家。Italian
migration serious history, millions of Italy
had moved to the Americas, Africa and other
European countries.
50和60年带由于北部工业发展对劳力的需求,南方又向北方迁移,
同时也有部分国外移民回流。50
and 60 years of industrial development in the
northern
zone because of the demand for labor,
the South also migrate north. also some foreign
emigrants. 70年代后回流的移民已超过向国外的移民。After returning
emigrants over the
1970s to foreign
immigrants.
据查意大利中国侨民已超过20万,大部分为温州地区人士(包括文成县、
瑞安等地)。
According to the investigation Italy and
China has more than 200,000 foreigners, most of
Wenzhou region (including text county. Ryan,
etc.). 少量为浙江青田, 福建三明人氏。
Qingtian small
Zhejiang, Fujian Sanming fame. 除少部分为侨居多年的华侨外,
可以说
80%以上的现有中国侨民都是在1989年以后进入意大利.
89年的非法移民合法化(大赦)吸
引了大部分的其他欧洲国家的中国移民前往意大利。Apart
from a few years of living
overseas, It can be
said more than 80% of the existing Chinese
nationals in 1989 after
entering Italy. 89
years of illegal immigration 's legalization
(amnesty) to attract most of the
other
European countries, the Chinese immigrants to
Italy. 95、99年的非法移民合法化也
吸引了不少, 总的来说,
意大利中国侨民的历史不久.95,99, attract a lot of the
legalization
of illegal immigrants, on the
whole, the history of Italy and China nationals
soon.
同大部分其他国家一样, 意大利中国侨民也离不开中餐业、
成衣业(包括皮衣)、 皮包等劳
动密集型行业。Like most other
countries, Italy and China nationals without
Restaurant.
clothing (including
leather), purses and other labor-intensive
industries. 及以华人为客户
的食品商店。Chinese food in the
shops and customers. 近年也出现了不少中国小商品批
发店。In
recent years, there have been many China Small
Commodities Wholesale stores.
意大利中国侨民社团众多,近几年成立社团好像成了时尚,有的城市甚至10几家之多。Italy
and China expatriate communities in many
societies seem to have become fashionable in
recent years, and in some cities, even as
several 10. 但一般它们并没有为侨胞提供有效融
入当地的服务,倒是过年过节都会举办摸
奖联欢会,有些社团相互不合, 倒是脱离成立社团
的宗旨甚远.But in general
they do not provide for the effective integration
of the local
Chinese, but the Chinese Lunar
New Year party will be held Mojiang. Some mutual
societies irrational, but far from the purpose
of the establishment of societies.
总之,
意大利中国侨民以不久的移民历史取得的成绩还是需要套句老话“勤劳美德”。In short,
nationals Italy and China's achievements in
the history of the immigrants in the near or
need to use an old saying, 但总的还是不出3大传统行业,
现有的华人劳力也已过
剩,如何改变,还有待中国侨民善用智慧.But still less
than three traditional industries, the
Chinese
have excess labor, how to change use wisdom yet to
be Chinese nationals.
政府 Government
意大利为议会制共和国,立法、执法、司法权三权分立,国家元首不兼任政府首脑,国家与
罗马教廷的
关系也是“各行其政,独立自主”。Italy parliamentary republic,
legislation, law
enforcement, judicial
separation of powers, not the holding of the
Summit of Heads of
State. the relationship
between the state and the Holy See also out its
affairs
independently.意大利宪法规定,意大利的立法机构是议会,包括参众
两院。Italian
Constitution, the legislative
bodies of the Italian Parliament, including the
Senate and
House of Representatives. 参议院议席325人
,按地区选举,任期五年,其中十位由前任
总统和现任总统从对国家有特殊贡献的人士中挑选;众议院6
30席,按人口比例分区选举,
任期五年。325 Senate seats, according
to district elections for five-year terms. Ten
former
president and the incumbent president
from the country who were selected with special
contributions; 630 House seats, District
elections in proportion to the population, a
five-year term.
Italy (Italian:
Italia, IPA: [i'ta?lja]; officially the Italian
Republic; Italian: Repubblica Italiana,
IPA:
[?e ?pubblika ita 'lja?na]) is a country located
in Southern Europe, that comprises
the Po
River valley, the Italian Peninsula and the two
largest islands in the Mediterranean
Sea,
Sicily and Sardinia. It is also called by Italians
lo Stivale (Bootdue to its
boot-like shape),
or la Penisola[1] (
northern alpine boundary
with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia.
The
independent countries of San Marino and
the Vatican City are enclaves within Italian
territory, while Campione d'Italia is an
Italian exclave in Switzerland.
Origin of the name
The name
appears to be a Greek form of Latin Vitelia,
related to the Latin vitulus and
Greek ?ταλ??
'calf', but nature of the relationship is obscure:
see Italus.
The name originally applied
to a small part of southern Italy. According to
Antiochus of
Syracuse, it was originally just
the southern portion of the Bruttium peninsula
(modern
Calabria), but by his time Oenotria
and Italy were synonymous, and covered most of
Lucania as well.[3] It was only under Augustus
that this denomination was applied to the
whole peninsula.
History
Main
article: History of Italy
Excavations
throughout Italy have unearthed proof of humans
presence in Italy dating
back to the
Palaeolithic period (the
Greek
migrations as early as 600 BC saw many Greek
intelligentsia migrate to Western
Europe —
especially to Italy, including Pythagoras who
built his University at Crotone,
Calabria,
Italy.
Italy has influenced the cultural
and social development of the whole Mediterranean
area,
deeply influencing European culture as
well. As a result, it has also influenced other
important cultures. Such cultures and
civilisations have existed there since prehistoric
times. After Magna Graecia, the Etruscan
civilisation and especially the Roman Republic
and Empire that dominated this part of the
world for many centuries, Italy was central to
European science and art during the
Renaissance.
Administrative
divisions
Main articles: Regions of Italy,
Provinces of Italy, and Municipalities of Italy
Administrative divisions.
Italy is
subdivided into 20 regions (regioni, singular
regione). Five of these regions enjoy a
special autonomous status that enables them to
enact legislation on some of their specific
local matters, and are marked by an *:
Abruzzo (L'Aquila)
Basilicata (Potenza)
Calabria (Catanzaro)
Campania (Naples,
Napoli)
Emilia-Romagna (Bologna)
Friuli-
Venezia Giulia* (Trieste)
Latium, Lazio
(Rome, Roma)
Liguria (Genoa,
Genova)
Lombardy, Lombardia (Milan, Milano)
Marches, Marche (Ancona)
Molise,
(Campobasso)
Piedmont, Piemonte (Turin,
Torino)
Apulia, Puglia (Bari)
Sardinia*,
Sardegna (Cagliari)
Aosta Valley*, Valle
d'Aosta (Aosta)
Tuscany, Toscana (Florence,
Firenze)
Trentino-South Tyrol*, Trentino-Alto
Adige, (Trento)
Umbria (Perugia)
Sicily*, Sicilia (Palermo)
Veneto
(Venice, Venezia)
All regions except the
Aosta Valley are further subdivided into two or
more provinces
(provincias). The lowest level
of division is the municipality (comune).
Geography
Main article: Geography of
Italy
Italy consists predominantly of a large
peninsula (the Italian Peninsula) with a
distinctive
boot shape that extends into the
Mediterranean Sea, where together with its two
main
islands - Sicily and Sardinia - it
creates distinct bodies of water, such as the
Adriatic Sea
to the north-east, the Ionian Sea
to the south-east, the Tyrrhenian Sea to the
south-west
and finally the Ligurian Sea to the
north-west. For a complete list of the islands of
Italy,
see this comprehensive list.
Satellite image of ItalyThe Apennine mountains
form the backbone of this peninsula,
leading
north-west to where they join the Alps, the
mountain range that then forms an arc
enclosing Italy from the north. Here is also
found a large alluvial plain, the Po-Venetian
plain, drained by the Po River — which is
Italy's longest river with 652 km — and its many
tributaries flowing down from the Alps (Dora
Baltea, Sesia, Ticino, Adda, Oglio, Mincio),
and Apennines (Tanaro, Trebbia, Taro, Secchia,
Panaro).
Other rivers include the Tiber
(Tevere) (405 km), Adige (410 km), Arno, Piave,
Reno,
Volturno, Tagliamento, Liri-Garigliano,
Isonzo.
Its highest point is Mont Blanc
(Monte Bianco) at 4,810 metres (15,781 feet)3.
Italy is
more typically associated with two
famous volcanoes: the currently dormant Vesuvius
near Naples and the very active Etna on
Sicily.
Climate
The Italian climate is uniquely diverse and
can be far from the stereotype of a
depending
on the region. The north of Italy (Turin, Milan,
and Bologna) has a true
continental climate,
while below Florence it becomes more and more
Mediterranean. The
climate of the coastal
areas of the Peninsula is very different from that
of the interior,
particularly during the
winter months. The higher areas are cold, wet, and
often snowy.
The coastal regions, where most
of the large towns are located, have a typical
Mediterranean climate with mild winters and
hot and generally dry summers. The length
and
intensity of the summer dry season increases
southwards (compare the tables for
Rome,
Naples, and Brindisi).
Mont Blanc,
the highest mountain in Italy and Western n the
north and
south there is a quite remarkable
difference in the temperatures, above all during
the
winter: in some days of December or
January it can be -2°C and snowing in Milan while
Rome gets +2°C and it is +18°C in Palermo.
Temperature differences are less extreme in
the summer. (See how Po valley can be frosty
in winter [1])
The east coast of the
peninsula is not as wet as the west coast, but is
usually colder in the
winter. The east coast
north of Pescara is occasionally affected by the
cold bora winds in
winter and spring, but the
wind is less strong here than around Trieste.
During these frosty
spells from E-NE cities
like Rimini, Ancona, Pescara and the entire
eastern hillside of the
Apennines can be
affected by true
300 mt a.s.l., can often see
0.50-0.60 m of fresh snow fall in 24 hours during
these
episodes.
Italy is subject to
highly diverse weather conditions in autumn,
winter, and spring, while
summer is usually
more stable, although the northern regions often
experience
thunderstorms in the afternoonnight
hours. So, while south of Florence the summer is
typically dry and sunny, the north is tends to
be more humid and cloudy.
Immigration
Italy's position in Europe
and the northern Mediterranean basin meant many
influences,
invasions and migrations over
thousands of years. As a result, the Italian
people are a
fusion of various ethnic stocks
such as the ancient Italic peoples, Etruscan,
Roman, Greek,
Gaul, Germanic, Norman French,
and Catalan peoples who all colonised, invaded or
plundered Italy for more than 3,000 years.
During the 1800s and early 1900s, Italy
was a major sender of migrants to the Americas,
and other nations in Western Europe. However,
Italy is now a major destination for
immigrants from all over the world with
Eastern Europe, North Africa, and Asia being the
chief areas. As of 2005, 4.56% or 2,670,514[7]
foreigners live in Italy, an increase of
268,357 or 10 percent from the previous year.
In many northern Italian cities, like Padua,
Milan, and Brescia, migrants make up 33%[5],
15%, and 13% of their total populations.
Religion
Main article: Religion
in Italy
Saint Peter's Basilica,
RomeRoman Catholicism is by far the largest
religion in the country.
Although the Catholic
Church has never been the state religion, it still
plays a role in the
nation's political
affairs, partly due to the Holy See's location in
Rome. 87.8% of Italians
identified as Roman
Catholic [10], although only about one-third of
these described
themselves as active members
(36.8%).
Other Christian groups in Italy
include more than 700,000 Eastern Orthodox
Christians
(1.2%) [11], including 470,000
newcomers [12] and some 180,000 Greek Orthodoxes,
550,000 Pentecotals and Evangelicals (0.8%),
of which 400,000 members of the
Assemblies of
God, 500,000 Jehovah's Witnesses (0.9%)[citations
needed], 30,000
Waldensians [13], 25,000
Seventh-day Adventists, 22,000 Mormons, 15,000
Baptists
(plus some 5,000 Free Baptists),
7,000 Lutherans, 5,000 Methodists (affiliated to
the
Waldensian Church) [14].
However
the most historical religious minority is the
Jewish community, comprising
roughly 45,000
Jews. It is no longer the strongest non-Christian
group. Indeed, in the past
two decades, Italy
has been receiving many waves of immigrants from
all over the world,
especially eastern Europe
and North Africa. As a result some 825,000 Muslims
[15]
(1.4%), of which only 50,000 are Italian
citizens, live in Italy, as well as 110,000
Buddhists
(0.2%) [16], [17] and [18], 70,000
Sikhs [19], 70,000 Hindus (0.1%).
Culture
See also: Culture of Italy
Castiglioncello, the center of the 19th
century artistic movement,
state, did not
exist until the unification of the country came to
a conclusion in year 1861.
Due to this
comparatively late unification, and the historical
autonomy of the many regions
that comprise the
Italian Peninsula, many traditions and customs
that we now recognise
as distinctly Italian
can be identified by their regions of origin,
which further reflect the
influence of the
many different peoples that occupied those areas,
and of the importance
of religion,
especially Roman Catholicism. Despite the
pronounced political and social
isolation of
these regions that prevailed throughout Italy's
history, Italy's contributions to
the cultural
and historical heritage of Europe remain immense.
In fact, Italy is home to the
greatest number
of UNESCO World Heritage Sites (41) to date.
Teatro alla Scala, has been a seminal
place for many important artistic and
intellectual movements that spread throughout
Europe and beyond, including the
Renaissance
and Baroque. Perhaps Italy's greatest cultural
achievements lie in its long
artistic
heritage, which is often validated through the
names of Michelangelo, Leonardo da
Vinci,
Donatello, Botticelli, Fra Angelico, Tintoretto,
Caravaggio, Bernini, Titian and
Raphael, among
many others. Beyond art, Italy's contributions to
the realms of literature,
science and music
cannot be overlooked.
With the basis of
the modern Italian language established through
the eminent Florentine
poet, Dante Alighieri,
whose greatest work, the Divina Commedia, is often
considered the
foremost literary statement
produced in Europe during the Middle Ages, there
is no
shortage of celebrated literary figures;
the writers and poets Boccaccio, Giacomo
Leopardi, Alessandro Manzoni, Tasso, Ludovico
Ariosto, and Petrarca, whose best known
vehicle of expression, the sonnet, was
invented in Italy. Prominent philosophers include
Bruno, Ficino, Machiavelli, Vico. Modern
literary figures and Nobel laureates are
nationalist poet Giosuè Carducci in 1906,
realist writer Grazia Deledda in 1926, modern
theatre author Luigi Pirandello in 1936, poets
Salvatore Quasimodo in 1959 and Eugenio
Montale in 1975, satiryst and theatre author
Dario Fo in 1997.
Mona Lisa by
Leonardo da VinciIn science, Galileo Galilei made
considerable
advancements toward the
scientific revolution, and Leonardo da Vinci was
the
quintessential Renaissance Man. Other
notable Italian scientists and inventors include
Fermi, Cassini, Volta, Lagrange, Fibonacci,
Marconi, and Meucci.
From folk music to
classical, music has always played an important
role in Italian culture.
Having given birth to
opera, for example, Italy provides many of the
very foundations of
the classical music
tradition. Some of the instruments that are often
associated with
classical music, including the
piano and violin, were invented in Italy, and many
of the
existing classical music forms can
trace their roots back to innovations of 16th and
17th
century Italian music (such as the
symphony, concerto, and sonata). Some of Italy's
most
famous composers include the Renaissance
composers Palestrina and Monteverdi, the
Baroque composers Corelli and Vivaldi, the
Classical composers Paganini and Rossini,
and
the Romantic composers Verdi and Puccini. Modern
Italian composers such as Berio
and Nono
proved significant in the development of
experimental and electronic music.
Italians are renowned for their
love of sports. Their zeal for sports events is,
indeed, no
less than legendary; from the
Gladiatorial games of Ancient Rome, to the Stadio
Olimpico
of contemporary Rome, where
prestigious football clubs compete regularly, the
impact
that sports has had on Italian culture
is enduring and undeniable. Towards the alps, the
popularity of winter sports grows, with many
Italians from that region competing in
international games and Olympic venues. Moving
downwards the peninsula, the disparity
between
participation in sports becomes less regional.
Despite any regional variation that
may exist,
the incorporation of sports in many Italian
festivities like Palio (see also Palio di
Siena), and the Gondola race (regatta) that
takes place in Venice on the first Sunday of
September, affirms the role sports play in
everyday Italian life. Popular sports include
football, cycling, and auto racing (a sport
which shares its renown with a staple of Italian
design, Ferrari), among others.
Languages
Main article: Languages of
Italy
The official language of Italy is
Standard Italian, descendant of Tuscan dialect and
a direct
descendant of Latin. (Some 75% of
Italian words are of Latin origin.) However, when
Italy
was unified, in 1861, Italian existed
mainly as a literary language, and was spoken by
less
than 3% of the population. Different
languages were spoken throughout the Italian
peninsula, many of which were Romance
languages which had developed in every region,
due to political fragmentation of Italy2.
Indeed, each historical region of Italy had its
own
so-called ?dialetto? (with ?dialect?
usually meaning, improperly, a non-Italian Romance
language), with variants existing at the
township-level.
VeniceMassimo
d'Azeglio, one of Cavour's ministers, is said to
have stated, following
Italian unification,
that having created Italy, all that remained was
to create Italians. Given
the high number of
languages spoken throughout the peninsula, it was
quickly established
that 'proper' or
'standard' Italian would be based on the
Florentine dialect spoken in most
of Tuscany
(given that it was the first region to produce
authors such as Dante Alighieri,
who between
1308 and 1321 wrote the Divina Commedia). A
national education system
was established -
leading to a decrease in variation in the
languages spoken throughout
the country over
time. But it was not until the 1960s, when
economic growth enabled
widespread access to
the television programmes of the state television
broadcaster, RAI,
that Italian truly became
broadly-known and quite standardised.
fantastic是什么意思-剧本的英文
秉性的意思-迟延的近义词
新概念1适合几年级-日本时间现在几点钟
叨扰什么意思-往常的近义词
与此同时英语-moneybookers
返青-乙酰甘氨酸
盲肠癌-feeding
bitch的意思-matterhorn
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