lose什么意思中文-英语新年手抄报
1994 Passage 5
Discoveries in science
and technology are thought by
mindsto come in
blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic
accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as
legend would have it,
look at the mold on a
piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin
there and then. He experimented with
antibacterial substances for
nine years before
he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations
almost always come out of laborious trial and
error. Innovation is like
soccer; even the
best players miss the goal and have their shots
blocked much more frequently than they score.
The point is that the players who score most
are the ones who
take the most shots at the
goal — and so it goes with innovation in any
field of activity. The prime difference
between innovators and others is
one of
approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators
work
consciously on theirs, and they follow
them through until they prove
practicable or
otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful
abstractions, professional innovators see as
solid possibilities.
no particular
virtue in doing things the way they have always
been
done,
our reaction to seemingly simple
innovations like plastic garbage bags
and
suitcases on wheels that make life more
convenient:
nobody thought of that before?
The creative approach begins with the proposition
that nothing is
as it appears. Innovators will
not accept that there is only one way to
do
anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the
average person will
automatically set out on
the best-known and apparently simplest
route.
The innovator will search for alternate courses,
which may
prove easier in the long run and are
bound to be more interesting and
challenging
even if they lead to dead ends.
Highly
creative individuals really do march to a
different drummer.
67. What does the author
probably mean by
first paragraph?
[A] A
person ignorant of the hard work involved in
experimentation.
[B] A citizen of a
society that restricts personal creativity.
[C] A person who has had no education.
[D]
An individual who often comes up with new ideas by
accident.
68. According to the author, what
distinguishes innovators from
non-innovators?
[A] The variety of ideas they have.
[B] The intelligence they possess.
[C] The
way they deal with problems.
[D] The way
they present their findings.
69. The author
quotes Rudolph Flesch in Paragraph 3 because
________.
[A] Rudolph Flesch is the
best-known expert in the study of
human
creativity
[B] the quotation strengthens the
assertion that creative
individuals look for
new ways of doing things
[C] the reader is
familiar with Rudolph Flesch's point of view
[D] the quotation adds a new idea to the
information previously
presented
70. The phrase
passage) suggests
that highly creative individuals are ________.
[A] diligent in pursuing their goals
[B] reluctant to follow common ways of doing
things
[C] devoted to the progress of
science
[D] concerned about the advance of
society
科学技术上的发明创造被“不知内情者”
看做灵感的眩目闪现或戏剧性事件的结果。亚历山大·弗莱明爵
士可不是像传说中的那样，看了一眼奶酪
上的霉就立刻想到了青霉素的发明。他是对抗菌物质进行了长达
9年的实验才有了这项发明的。发明及创
新几乎都是艰苦的试验和失败的产物。创新就像踢足球，即使是
最出色的球员也会痛失进球机会，其射门
被挡出的机会大大多于进球的机会。
问题在于得分最多者正是那些射门次数最多的球员，而任何领
域的创新活动都是如此。创新者与普通
人的主要区别在于处理问题的方法不同。每一个人都有想法，但创
新者会自觉地钻研他的想法，并不懈努
力直到证明想法切实可行或不可行。普通人视为凭空想像的抽象概
念在职业创新者眼里却具有坚实的可能
性。
“创造性思维也许只不过意味着能够意识到按
老办法办事没什么特别可取之处。”语言权威人士鲁道
夫·弗莱契写到。这解释了我们看到像塑料垃圾袋
和带轮箱包之类令生活更便利但看似简单的发明时的反
应：“怎么过去就没有人想到这办法呢？”
创造性方法始于“一切不可貌相”的主张。创新者不会接受办事只有一种方法的论调。面对从A到B
的挑战，普通人会自动踏上一条最为人熟悉、显然最简单的路径。创新者则会探寻另外不同的道路，而这
样的道路将（guangxian注：may宜译为“可能”）会最终被证实更简单、也一定更有趣、更
富挑战性，
即使它们通向绝境。
极富创造性的人的确是伴着不同鼓手打出的鼓点前进的。
试题解析：
67. [A] 根据原文第1段，“untaught
minds”本文应该指那些不了解发明与革新的艰辛的人。
[B]、[D]则明显不对。
[C]“untaught”一词有“未受过教育的”这个意思，但从本文第1段来看，这里并非指
未受过教育
的人，不了解发明创造的艰辛的人未必没有受过教育。
68. [C]
这是文章主要要说明的问题。
文章第2段第2句指出：有创造力的人与他人的最大区别在于他们对
待事物的方法不同，此句中“one”
指“difference”。文章最后一段以结论的形式再次说
明了这一主旨。
[A]意为：有创造力的人所拥有的各种各样的思想。如上文解释[C]项时所指
出的，本文重点要说明的
是：在对待事物的方法上，有创造力的人与常人不同，这与他们所持有的思想的
多少没有关系。
[B]如上所分析，二者的主要区别不在于智力上的不同。
[D]意为：善于发明创造的人表述自己的发现的方式与人不同。这也是不对的。
69. [B]
作者引用Flesch的话当然是为了支持自己的观点：有创造力的人经常探索做事的新方法。
文章第3段Flesch指出：创造性思维往往只起源于一种认识：做事情的传统的方法未必是最好的。
[A]、[C]所表达的内容也许是正确的，但并不是文章引用Flesch的目的。
[D]Flesch的话所表达的思想与作者的看法是相吻合的，并没有添加新的思想。
像举例一
样，引用其他人的观点（正面引述也好反面引述也好）都是为了说明文章的主旨或主题，否
则，引述便显
得没必要了，引用其他人的发现或数据也是如此。从这一点也可以看出把握文章的主旨、主
题与思路对正
确选择答案的重要性。
70. [B] 文章中“march to different drum
mer”是一个比喻。“drummer”意为“鼓手”，“to”意为
“伴着”，整个
词组的意思为：伴着一个不同的鼓手所敲出的节奏行进，即：不随波逐流，与其他人走的道
路或所持的思
路不同。这是对文章主旨的一个形象总结。
[A]强调的是毅力，而不是方法方面。
[C]、[D]强调的是责任心，而不是方法方面。
难句解析：
①Discoveries
in science and technology are thought by
flashes or as the result of dramatic
accidents.
▲本句的主干是Discoveries are thought
by... to do sth. or as sth.。在句中by
后面有两个并列的用or连接起来的结构作为被认为的对象。
△要理解本句，就首先要知道m
inds的是指那些“对科学实验的艰辛过程不了解的人”；而
blinding
flashes指“眩目的一瞬”，其实意思相当于汉语中的“灵光一闪”。
②Sir
Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have
it, look at the mold on a piece of
cheese and
get the idea for penicillin there and then.
▲本句的主干是Sir Alexander Fleming did not... look
at and get the
idea...。中间两个逗号隔开
的部分是一个插入成分，并不影响阅读。
△要理解本句，
就要对科学史有一定的了解，弗莱明爵士发明了青霉素penicillin；而there and
then
表示“当时当地”，用来强调人们传说的活灵活现。
③Innovation is
like soccer; even the best players miss the goal
and have their shots blocked
much more
frequently than they score.
▲本句的主干是由分号隔开的两个分句，后半句比较复杂，主语是the best
players有两个并列的谓语
miss和have their shot
blocked，后面有一个比较结构。
△复习分号的用法，就知道后半句是补充说明前半句的。
④The point is that the players who score most
are the ones who take the most shots at the
goal — and so it goes with innovation in any
field of activity.
▲本句由两个并列句构成，前面的一个的表语比较复杂，里面
还有两个定语从句，分别修饰表语从句的主
语和表语。破折号后面的结构较简单。
△理解so
it goes的意思是理解本句的重点，它表示“同样的道理，同理，??也一样”。注意在本句和
上
一句中作者都把发明创造比喻为踢足球，而把发明家比喻为足球运动员。
⑤mean simply
the realization that there is no particular virtue
in
doing things the way they have always been
done,wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language
authority.
▲本句是一个直接引语，在引语中主干是Creative
thinking may mean simply the
realization...，
后面是一个同位语从句修饰the
realization，而在从句从又有一个定语从句修饰状语the way。
△注意virtue表示“美德，道理”的意思，而the way前面可以被视为少了一个介词in。
⑥This accounts for our reaction to seemingly
simple innovations like plastic garbage bags
and suitcases on wheels that make life more
convenient:
before?
▲本句的主干非常简单，就是This
accounts for our reaction。最后的引语是our
reaction的同位语，
而reaction后面介词to的宾语比较繁杂，核心词是simple
innovations，后面有两个例子，还有一个
定语从句来修饰核心词。
△在阅读中，一定要抓住本句的主干，其实看不懂plastic garbage bags and
suitcases on
wheels都
不会对把握文章的整体意思产生什么影响，另外知道account
for的意思也很重要。