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初中英语宾语从句的用法

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-29 19:10
tags:宾语从句的用法

提及的英文-endorse

2020年10月29日发(作者:许安安)


教学目标:
1.掌握宾语从句的语序。
2.掌握引导宾语从句的各
种连词。
3.掌握宾语从句中,主句
与从句在时态上的相互呼
应。
教学重点、难点:
宾语从句的语序。引导
宾语从句的各种连词。宾
语从句中,主句与从句在
时态上的相互呼应。
教学过程:

1


一、宾语从句的定义:
宾语从句就是作(及物
动词、介词或某些 形容词)
宾语的部分是由句子来充
当。因此把这样的句子(含
有从句)叫做复句。引导
宾语从句的引导词分为三
类,即:
表示陈述语气用that ,
表示一般疑问语气含有
“是否,能否”的意思
whether 和if引导.表示
特殊疑问语气由特殊疑问
词引导.宾语从句可做动

2


词宾语,介词宾语,及某些
形容词的宾语. 例如:
1. He wrote me a letter,
saying that he would pay
a visit to China next
week. (动宾)
2、I wonder if you
could spare me a few
minutes.(动宾)
3、The teacher is quite
satisfied with what you
have done.(介宾)

3


4、Mother was very
pleased that her
daughter had passed the
exams. (形宾)
二、过好“三关”学习宾
语从句:
(一)过引导词关
1、连词that(在口语中
that常可省略),if,
whether,如:
He knows that Jim will
work hard.

4


连接代词who, whom,
which等,如:
Do you know who (whom)
they are waiting for?
连接副词when, where,
how, why等,如:
Could you tell me how we
can get to the station?
2、由that引导的宾语从
句,如:
I don’t know (that )Tom
was late again

5


I am afraid (that) it
would rain soon
注意1:引导宾语从句的
that 常可以省略,但下列
情况下不能省略。
(1)a nd连接两个或两个
以上的宾语从句,除第一
个从句中的that以外,后
面从句中的 that不能省
略。
如:Everybody could see
what happened and that
Tom was frightened.

6


(2)that引导的宾语从句
作介词宾语时,that不能省略。如:
I know nothing about
him except that he is
from the south.
(3)主句谓语动词与that
从句之间有插入语,that
不可省略。
如:We decided,
considering his age,
that we would not let him
do the job.

7


注意2:若有补语,则宾
语从句要放到补语之后,
在宾补前用形式宾语it.
如:He doesn’t want it
to be known that he is
going away.
I consider it
necessary that he should
do it again.
注意3: 否定转移. 在
think, believe, suppose,
expect 等动词后的宾语
从句,从句中的否定往往
在主句中体现。如:

8


I don’t think you are
right.
I don’t believe that
they have finished their
work.
I don’t think he cares,
does he?
3、由whether 或if 引导
的宾语从句:
whether和if都有“是
否”的意思。如:
I don’t know whether
if he will agree with me.

9


He asked me whether
if I have finished my
homework.
注意1:在动词不定式
之前只能用whether
如: I can’t decide
whether to stay.
注意2:在whether ?? or
not 的固定搭配中
如:I want to know
whether it’s good news
or not .

10


注意3:在介词后,只
能用whether
如:His father is
worried about whether he
lose his work .
注意4:条件状语从句不
能用whether引导,如:
Please inform him of the
news if he comes back
before 10 o’clock.
4、由特殊疑问词
(wh?)引导(要注意用陈
述语气)

11


如:He asked
me,“Where is Mr.
Wang?”
---He asked me
where Mr. Wang was.
(二)、过语序关
做宾语从句的句子不
管原来是什么语序 ,在充
当宾语从句时都要用陈述
语序,即:“引导词+主语
+谓语+宾语+其他”。
如:1、Tom said. He
is reading a book.

12


→ Tom said that he was
reading a book.
2、He asks me. Are
they playing a game?
→ He asks me
ifwhether they are
playing a game.
3、Where is the
hospital? He told
me.
→ He told me Where the
Hospital was.

13


注意:当who在从句中
做主语时,语序本身就是
“主语+谓语”顺序,所以
就不再变了.
如:I want to know. Who
will come tomorrow?
→I want to know who
will come tomorrow.
(三)、过时态关
宾语 从句的时态要受
到主句时态的限制,即要
和主句的时态保持一致
(也有特殊情况),宾 语

14


从句的时态往往被忽视,
希望能引起我们的注意。
从下面三个方面去把握宾
语从句的时态。
1、当主句的时态是一般
现在时 、一般将来时、祈
使句时,从句的时态可根
据句意的需要用任意一种
时态。
2、当主句的时态为一般
过去时宾语从句的时态要
与原句相对应的过去的时
态(带“过 去”两个字)。

15


3、当宾语从句叙述的是
客观事 实、真理、自然现
象、名言警句、谚语等,
不管主句是什么时态,从
句一律用一般现在 时。
三、宾语从句的特殊语序
问题
在“Do you think < br>believesuppose----?
等”结构中,宾语从句如
果是由疑问词引导的 ,则
要用“疑问词+ do you
thinkbelievesuppose +
正常语序?”

16


如:What has happened
to him? Do you think?
What do you think has
happened to him?
四、否定转移问题
在think, believe等
动词后面的宾语从句,如
果从句的谓语动词表 示否
定意义,一般要将否定词
not移到主句的谓语动词
上面去,即通过否定主句的谓语动词来否定从句的
(意义)谓语动词。此时
变反意疑问句时仍将宾语

17


从句视为否定,反意疑问
部分用肯定形式。如:
1、I don’t think he
will come.
2、I don’t think he
will come, will he?
3、I think he will come,
won’t he?
五、宾语从句的简化
1、当主句的谓语动词
是hope, decide, wish,
agree等,其后接宾语从
句,并且从句主语与主句

18


主语一致时,可以简化成
动词不定式结构。
如:Wei Hua hopes that
she will be back soon.
Wei Hua hopes to be back
soon.
2、当know, learn,
remember, forget等动词
其后接宾语从句,并且从
句主语与主句主语 一致
时,可以简化成“疑问词+
不定式”结构。

19


如:I don’t know what
I should say. I don’t
know what to say.
3、当tell, learn, show,
teach等动词其后接宾语
从句,并且从句主语与主
句的间接宾语一致 时,可
以简化成“疑问词+不定
式”结构。
如:Could you tell me
how I can get there? (句
子中的 me 和I指的是同
一个人)可以改写为:

20


Could you tell me how to
get there?
4、动词后的宾语从
句,也可以用不定式来简
化,但主语要发生变化。
如:It seemed that
the boys were going to
play games.
The boys seemed to play
games.
复习小结:

21


1、变宾语从句的四个要
素:引导词、语序、时态
和标点符号
2、牢记宾语从句中的陈
述句语序。
3、注意主句与从句时态
的一致性(即:当主 句是过
去式时,从句要用过去范
畴的某种时态,客观真理
或自然现象除外)


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