名词性从句的用法之宾语从句

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名词性从句
从句有名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三大类。
名词性从句又可分为
宾语从句、表 语从句、主语从句及同位语从
句
，因为从句的在这个句子中的功用相当于名词；
定语从句有称为形容词性从句，因为从句功能相当于形容词；
而状语从句则称为副词性从句，因为从句功能相当于副词 。

什么是名词性从句?
在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。
宾语从句 ( The Object Clause)
表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)
主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)
同位语从句 ( The Appositive Clause)

宾语从句

一、 关联词：
关联词又称“连词”或“引导词”，是宾语从句的重要组成部分。
连词：1.连接代词（that，who，whom，what，which）
2.连接副词（when，where，why，how）
3.从属连词（if ，whether）由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句，
用if或whether引导.

在试卷中一般依据从句中“缺什么补什么”的原则，结合上下文选用恰

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当的连词。如：
1. I don’t know who will be our headteacher next semester. 缺指人的主
语用who，如缺指物的主语则用what。
2. I doubt what my e-pal will write soon. 缺指物的宾语用what，如缺指
人的宾语则用whom。
3. I think that my deskmate will get through all the major subjects. 句子
不缺成分，用that; 如果that后跟有代词，可省略that。
4. She let me know when the meeting would be held. 缺时间状语，用
when；缺地点状语，用where；缺原因状语，用why；缺方式状 语，
用how。
5. I don’t know which what topic I should choose. 缺定语，用what或
which。
6. The teacher asked whether if I was getting ready for the coming test.
表示“是否（有，能，已经……）”等含义，用whether或if。
7. I’d be interested to know whether he will see the movie“Dawn” or not.
强调是否对比时，用连词whether。

1）选择题
例1 A computer can only do _____ you have instructed it to do.
A. how B. after C. what D. when
例2 Mary wrote an article on _____ the team had failed to win the game.
A. why B. what C. who D. that
例3 The shopkeeper did not want to sell for ________ he thought was not
enough.
A. where B. how C. what D. which

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例4 The way he did it was different ________ we were used to.
A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which
例5 He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning _____
his teammates had done.
A. what B. which C. why D. while

2）用合适的连接词填空
1. Wang Hai told me _____ he didn't go cycling yesterday afternoon.
（how, why）
2. Can you tell me ______ else is going to be on duty today?（who,
whom）
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long,
how soon）

二、语序
无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主
句＋连词＋宾语从句（主语＋谓语＋……）”句式。

例6 No one can be sure ______ in a million years.
A. what man will look like B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what D. what look will man like
例7 The boss went up to ask _____.
A. what the matter was B. what’s the matter

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C. what was the matter D. what the matter is

三、种类

1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如：
I heard that be joined the army.
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：
1) She did not know what had happened.
2) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.
(3) 动词＋间接宾语＋宾语从句。例如：
She told me that she would accept my invitation.
2. 作介词的宾语
例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with
one another.
3. 作形容词的宾语
例如：I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.
that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：
anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad,
proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed,

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annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that
从句的看作原因状语从句。
**4. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,
celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等 。这类词后可以用不定式或
动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如：
I admire their winning the match. (right)
I admire that they won the match. (wrong)
**5. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词＋间接宾语＋that从句“结构中，常见的
有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise,
congratulate等。例如：
He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right)
He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)

四、宾语从句的时态
含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点
内容：
1）如果 主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，
选用相应的任何时态。如：

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I don't know when he will come back．我不知道他将何时回来。
He tells me that his sister came back yesterday．他告诉我他姐姐昨天回
来了。

2）如果主句的谓语动词是过 去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需
要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去 完
成时的某一种形式。如：

The children didn't know who he was．孩子们不知道他是谁。

3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普 遍真理、自然现象或习惯
性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：

The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun．老师说地球绕着太阳
转。

例8 The manager entered the office and was happy to learn four fifths of
the tickets ________.
A. was booked B. had been booked
C. were booked D. have been booked
例9 We were all surprised when he made it clear that he _____ office
soon.
A. leaves B. would leave
C. had left D. had been away
例10 —Do you work in the lab every afternoon? —No, but
sometimes I wish I _________.

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A. have time B. had time to do
C. have time to D. had time to

练习
1. Could you tell me if it _____ tomorrow?
A. rains B. is raining
C. will rain D. rain
2. The teacher told his students the sun_____
in the east.
A. rise
C. rose
B. rises
D. risen
3. Peter knew _______.
A. whether he has finished reading the book
B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year
D. when they will leave for Paris
4. Could you tell me ______?
A. where is the nearest railway station
B. where the nearest railway station was
C. where the nearest railway station is
D. where was the nearest railway station
5. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
A. finds arrives
B. finds will arrive
C. will find will arrive

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D. will find arrives

五、 宾语从句的减缩式
宾语从句有时可减缩为“疑问词+不定式”的形式。
例11 I’ve worked with children before, so I know what ________ in
my new job.
A. expected B. to expect
C. to be expecting D. expects
例12 It is said in Australia there is more land than the government
knows ________.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
例13 The mother didn’t know_____ to blame for the broken glasses as
it happened while she was out.
A. who B. when C. how D. what


六、 宾语从句的特殊式
1. 复合连接代词在宾语从句中的使用。如：
Sarah hopes to become a friend of whoever shares her interest.
（whoever= anyone who any person who）
These wild flowers are so special I would do whatever I can to save them.
（whatever= anything that）
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
whatever在此处是泛指，不可被what替代。而“I can’t remember at the
moment who has said the words.”中的who表特定的某人，不可以改成

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whoever。
2. it作形式宾语，从句作真正宾语。
（1） 动词 + it + important necessary natural etc. + that clause。that
clause中谓语动词前可加should，亦可省略。如：
I think it important that you （should） attend the conference.
（2） 动词+ it + as + 名词 形容词 + clause。如：
The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his
lecture.
（3） 动词+ it + 介词 + that clause。常见的有：
owe it to sb. + that clause（把……归功于某人），
leave it to sb. + that clause（把……留给某人去做），
take it for granted + that clause （想当然），
keep it in mind + that clause （记住……）。
如：
I just took it for granted that he’d always be around.
（4） 动词 + it + clause。如：I hate it when people talk with their mouths
full.
英语中少数介词很活跃，能带从句作其宾语。如：I go to see a film
except when it rains.
3. 含宾语从句的反意疑问句。
1)当陈述部分带有that引导的宾语从句时，疑问部分的主语和谓语一
般应与陈述部分主句的主语和谓语保持对应关系。如：
Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the room at that time, didn’t he?
2)当陈述部分主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词是think believe
suppose guess imagine expect suspect feel等时，疑问部分的主

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语和谓语往往与陈述部分从句中的主语和谓语保持对应关系，此时实
质上是将对主句 的否定转移到对从句的否定上。如：
I don’t suppose anyone will volunteer, will they?
4. 两个及以上表示陈述的宾语从句并列时，第一个连词that可以省
略，但第二个及以后的不可省。如：
He told me （that） they could not decide what to do and that they asked
my advice.


例14 The poor young man is ready to accept ________ help he can get.
A. whichever B. however
C. whatever D. whenever
例15 _____ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever
例16 I’d appreciate _______ if you would like to teach me how to use
the computer.
A. that B. it C. this D. you
例17 —I don’t think you could have been used to the quick pace of life
while studying in the USA, ______ you?
—______. I thought of returning to our country at one time.
A. had; Yes B. do; Yes C. have; No D. were; No
例18 With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat,

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feeling pleased _______ he was a man of action.
A. which B. that C. what D. whether

5. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy,
guess, imagin e等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定
词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：
I don’t think this dress fits you well.
我认为这件衣服不适合你穿.
I don’t think he will lie to me.
我认为他不会对我撒谎的.
I don’t think we should lend him money.
我认为我们不应该借钱给他.
I think he won’t come here. ( )
I don’t think he will come here. ( √ )


宾语从句练习题
类型一：引导词的运用
（1） I don’t know ___________or not．
A． whether he is at home B． if he is at home
C． that he is at home D． whether is he at home
（2） This depends on _________ the weather is fine．

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A． which B． whether C． if D． that
（3） The teacher asked the new student ________ class he was in．
A． which B． where C． if D． that
（4） I don’t know ________ Mr． Green will come to see us． He’ll
help us with our English．
A． why B． when C． how D． where
（5） －－Be careful！ Don’t break the bottles． Do you hear ______ I
said? David?
－－ Yes， Mum
A． what B． that C． why D． if
（6） －－－ Do you know _______ Mr Black’s address is?
－－－ He may live at NO．18 or No． 19 of Bridge Street． I’m not
sure of ______．
A． where， which B． where， what C． what， which
D． what， where
（7） There is not much difference between the two． I really don’t know
_____．
A． what should I choose B． which I should choose
C． which should I choose D． what I should choose

类型二：宾语从句的语序
（1） Did you find out ______?
A． she was looking for whose child
B． whose child was she looking for
C． whose child she is looking for

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D． whose child she was looking for
（2） Are you interested in _____?
A． how did he do it B． he did it how
C． how he did it D． he how did it
（3） I don’t know _____． Can you tell me?
A． how the two players are old
B． how old are the two players
C． the two players are how old
D． how old the two players are
（4） －－What did the scientist say?
－－He said he wondered if _____ into space by spaceship one day．
A． he had to fly B． he could fly
C． can he fly D． could he fly
（5） Excuse me， sir． Could you tell me ____?
A． Where the bank nearest B． where is the nearest bank
C． where the nearest bank is D． the nearest bank is where
（6）She asked Tom ________ with his car?
A． what the matter was B． what the matter is
C． what was the matter D． what is the matter

类型三：时态
（1） It’s 7：30． I can’t believe you___ cooking dinner yet， Sally．
A． haven’t started B． didn’t
C． don’t start D． hadn’t started
（2） The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 ____ Christmas

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Day．
A． is B． was C． has been D． will be
（3） The teacher said that the earth _______round the sun．
A． goes B． go C． went D． will go
（4） We ’d like to tell you that you ______the exam．
A． have passed B． had passed C． pass D． will pass
（5） “Could you tell me______?” “ Yes． They ____ to the library．”
A． where are the twins， have been
B． where were the twins， have been
C． where the twins are， have gone
D． where the twins were， have gone
（6） Our father said that he ______ a new computer next week．
A． will buy B． have bought C． would buy D． buys
（7） I hear that he ______ to Beijing yesterday．
A． goes B． will go C． went D． have gone

类型四：其他－－－反意疑问句，it做形式宾语
（1）．I don’t think he is right，__________?
A．isn’t he B．is he C．do I D．don’t I
（2）． He believes she is right， __________?
A．doesn’t he B．does he C．is she D．isn’t she
（3）．I thought that he disliked playing football，__________?
A．didn’t he B．did he C．did I D．didn’t I
（4）． I find _____ important that we practice English every day．
A． it B． this C． that D． what

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（5）． You can’t imagine ____when they received the nice gift．
A． how they were excited B． how excited they were
C． how excited were they D． they were how excited

高考题
1．—What did you parents think about your decision?
—They always let me do ________ I think I should do． （06 全国Ⅱ）
A． when B． that C． how D． what
2． Please remind me _________ he said he was going． I may be in
time to see him off．（06 全国Ⅰ）
A． where B． when C． how D． what
3． Mary wrote an article on the team had failed to win the game． （05
全国卷）
A．why B．what C．who D．that
4．Someone is ringing the doorbell Go and see________．（2000 上海）
A ．who is he B． who he is C． who is it D． who it is
5． ——We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time．
——What do you consider _______to her?（NMET 1990）
A． was happening B． to happen C ．has happened
D． happening


答案
类型一：ABABACB
类型二：DCDBCC

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类型三：AAAACCC
类型四：BAAAB
高考题：DBADC

例题解析：
例1解析： 待选项在从句中充当to do的宾语，故选C。
例2解析： 由于从句中句意清楚，结构完整，故可排除B、C项；D
项用于宾语从句时只起引 导词的作用，无词义，同时不充当任何成分，
而题干上下文表示因果关系，故选A。
例3解析： 根据句子结构，for后面的从句缺少主语，故答案为C。
例4解析： 答案为C。本题为词组be different from后跟what引导
的宾语从句，不要误看作定语从句而选D。
例5解析： 由句式结 构可知mention后为宾语从句；do作实意动词
时为及物动词，故空格处需要既能作do的宾语， 又能引导宾语从句
的连词，答案为A。
例6解析： B项是特殊疑问句语序，有悖于宾语从句 的陈述语序；C、
D项句法、句意均不妥；A项是陈述句语序，故正确。
例7解析： A项易被判断成陈述句语序，颇具迷惑性。实际上，从
句中的what作主语，was为系动词，the matter是表语。B、D项时态
错误，C项正确。
例8解析：本题主句的谓语动词是过去 时，从句中的事件先于主句的
事件发生，且是被动，故选B。
例9解析： 根据关键词soon可知动作尚未发生，又因主句谓语动词
made为过去时，故选B。
例10解析： 答案为D。wish后接宾语从句，其谓语动词要用虚拟形

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式。
例11解析： 宾语从句减缩式“疑问词+不定式”是解题关键。选项C是不定式的进行时，强调动作“正在进行”，不符合题意，故选B。
例12解析： “疑问词+不定式”作及物动词know的宾语，选项中it
代替了the land，故正确答案为C。
例13解析： B、C、D项的疑问词用错，故选A。
例14解析： 本题考查的引导词引导宾语从句，同时作get的宾语。
B、D两项在句中是作 状语的；由于没有给出明确的指代物，故A项
也不合适；答案为C。
例15解析： whoever= anyone （anybody any person he） who，
答案为D。
例16解析： 答案为B。某些动词和动词短语（如appreciate，like，
hate，see to等）后面不能直接带从句，往往需先插入it再带that，if
或when引导的从句。
例17解析： 本句带有推测的意味，疑问部分的谓语不能用情态动词。
could have been 表示对过去的推测，故疑问部分的谓语应用were与
之对应，应选D。
例18解析： 因从句he was a man of action为主系表结构，且表达肯
定意义，不缺少句子成分，故选B项。