中考英语宾语从句与祈使句的用法专项讲解

中考英语宾语从句与祈使句的用法专项讲解

宾语从句的用法

一．概念：
宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子，常跟在动词或介词的后面。

二．结构：

主句 +连词（引导词）+ 宾语从句

三．宾语从句种类

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? a. 由that引导的宾语从句，that无任何意义，可以省略。
当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导
Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.
She says (that) she won’t take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.
注意：
在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省
略that的
从句也可算是宾语从句。
I’m sorry (that) I don’t know .
We’re sure (that) our team will win .

? b. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句，if或whether表示“是否”，不可以省略。
当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导
I want to know if Whether you still work in the factory.
注意：
一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
②在介词前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.

? c. 由疑问词引导的宾语从句，疑问代词或疑问副词有意义，并在从句中充当一定的句
子成分，不可以省略。
当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副
词（when, where, how, why）引导

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Do you know when we are going to Beijing?
He wants to know who lives in this room.
注意：
带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句。
I don’t know how far it is to the cinema .

四．宾语从句语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分”。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在从句中的成分)
注意:
当从句的原句为以下句子以及疑问词做主语(常用：which, who)作主语时，语序不变：
What’s wrong?What’s the matter?What’s happening?What’s the proble?What’s the
trouble?

五．宾语从句时态
? 1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定。
Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.
Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?
? 2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过
去进行
时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。

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He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. ( √)
I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)
注意：
? 当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。
The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
? Could you.......?引导的宾语从句时态不用过去时，根据主句来决定 时态。could是委婉语
气。
Could you tell me how I can get to the station?

六．宾语从句和状语从句的区别
? I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.
→状语从句，表示“条件”，修饰主句，意为：如果。
? I don’t know if the train has arrived.
→宾语从句，充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语，意为：是否。
判断方法：
1、从整个句式看。
状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面，宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
2、从引导词看。
if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether，词义为“是否”， 充当状语从句的连接词
时，词
义为“如果”。
when充当宾语从句的连接词时， 意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为
“当……
的时候”。

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3．从时态看。
if和when作连接 词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的时态
作相应的变化。
if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，一般遵从“主将从现”的用法。
They don’t know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend.(宾语从句)
We’ll go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesn’t rain tomorrow.(状语从句)
=If doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall.
Could you tell me when（什么时候）the train arrives ? (宾语从句)
Every thing is coming to life when（当……时候）spring comes.(状语从句)

七．宾语从句中的从句简化（难点）

? 在连接代词副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句 主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语
从句可简化为“连接代词副词＋不定式”结构。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the station? →Can you tell me how to get to the station?


祈使句的用法


一．定义：
表示命令、请求、建议或 劝告等等．主语通常省略，谓语动词用原形，句末用感叹
句或句号，读降调。


二、基本分类：

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一．肯定结构:
型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。
如: Have a seat here，please. 请这边坐。
小贴士：有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。
如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。
2. Be型(即:Be +形容词+其它成分)。 如: Be quiet，please.
3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。 如:Let me help you. 让我来帮
你。

二．否定结构:
1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加Don't构成。 如:Don't forget me! 不要忘
记我!
2. Let型的否定式有两种:
(1) Don’t let sb. do sth. 如:Don't let him go.不要让他走。
(2) let sb. not do sth. 如:Let him not go.让他不要走。
3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。 如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟! No
fishing! 禁止钓鱼!




三、祈使句的反义疑问句：


1．肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。
Please open the door, will won’t you? 请把门打开，好吗？

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2．否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。
Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了，行不行？
3．以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。
Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开，好吗？
补充：let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.
如：Let us stay here, will won't you? 请（你）让我们留在这好吗？

四、注意：

祈使句，and／or+将来时态的陈述句。（一般用将来时）
Work hard，and you will success in the exam．
Hurry up，or you will miss the early bus．

强化练习
I.按照要求完成下列题目。
1.考查时态一致性
( ) 1. The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( ) 2 .Catherine said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( ) 3. The students want to know whether they___ dictation(背诵) today.
A. had B. has C. will have D. have
( ) 4. She asked Linda if___ go and get some.
A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may
( ) 5. Linda said the moon___ round the earth.

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A. traveled B. has traveled C. travels D. had traveled

2.考查连接词
said, “You are younger than I”.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
He said_________ I_________ younger than him.
2.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
He asked _________they_________ go to visit the Great Wall.
asked me, “Why are you late for school?”（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
He asked me _________ _________ was late for school.

3.考查陈述句语序
( ) 1. Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing D. when they would leave Beijing
( ) tell me ______ last year.
does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works D where your sister worked
( ) asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is D. whose pen was it
( ) 4. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what D. what has your mother said
( ) 5. Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for D. who he is looking after

4. 考查.Ifwhen 的区别

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1. If it _______(rain) tomorrow，I won’t come.
2. He didn’t tell me if it _________(rain) tomorrow.
3. I don’t know if he __________(come) tomorrow. If he______ (come), I’ll tell you.
4. When it ________ (stop) raining, we’ll go swimming.
5. Could you tell me when the film ____________(start)? I’ll leave for a moment.
II. Choose the best answer.选择填空。
1. These animals are in danger. We should think ________ to protect them.
A. what can we do
2. Could you tell me______?
A. where is the headmaster
C. what Jack was happened




B. whose camera it is
D. how long does it take you to the aquarium
B. what we can do C. how can we do D. how we can do
3. I don’t know ______ Apple iphone4s.
A. that she is so crazy about
C. why she is so crazy about




B. what is she so crazy about学科王
D. how she is so crazy about科王
4. I wonder________ on April 23, World Book Day. Did you find some interesting books to read?
A. what did you do B. what you did C. what do you do D. what you do
5.- What did the teacher say to you just now?
- She asked ______.
A. where did I learn English
B. where do I learn English




B. where I learned English
D. where I learn English
6. —Can you guess ______ the new schoolbag yesterday? —Sorry, I’ve no idea.
A. how much did he pay for
C. how much he paid for





B. how much he spent
D. how much did he spend
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7. —Mary, could you tell me if your mother ________ our school sports meeting tomorrow?
—I think she will come to school if she _________ free.
A. will take part in; will be
C. will take part in; is
B. takes part in; is
D. takes part in; will be
8. The policeman asked the small girl __________
A. why she was crying
C. why she is crying
B. why was she crying
D. why is she crying
9. Could you tell me ______ after this exam ?
A. what you did B. what did you do C. what will you do D. what you will do
10. He said that light ______much faster than sound.
A. has travelled B. went C. travels led
11. Could you tell me ________ find another interesting detective story to read?
A) where I can B) where can I C) where I could D) where could I
12. Could you tell me ________ late for the meeting yesterday?
A. why were you B. why you were C. why are you D. why you are
13. Mr. King doesn't know what time ________ back home yesterday evening.
A. does his son come B. his son comes C. did his son come D. his son came
14. A: Show me the map, please. I wonder ________.
B: Look, it’s here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province.
is Diaoyu Island B. where is Diaoyu Island located
C. where does Diaoyu Island lie Diaoyu Island is located
15. I don't know________ the day after tomorrow．
A. when does he come

B. how will he come
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C. if he comes

D. whether he'll come
III. Rewrite the following sentences as required.
1. He asked: “ How can I get to the Bund?” (改为间接引语)
He asked___________ he __________ get to the Bund.
2. Mrs. Lin asked me “Have you finished drawing the picture?” (合并为一句)
Mrs. Lin asked me ________ I ________ finished drawing the picture.
3. When will we take an English exam? We wanted to know. (改为宾语从句)
We wanted to know we take an English exam.
4. “Can you help me repair the bike?” Mary asked Jack. (改为宾语从句)
Mary asked Jack _____________he _____________ help her repair the bike.
5.“Do you always catch such an early train?” The policeman asked the man.（合并为一句）
The policeman asked the man ________ he always ________ such an early train.
6. Frank asked me, 改为宾语从句)
Frank asked me whether ________ ________ ever created a comic strip.
7. “Mum, was the telephone invented by Bell?” the girl asked. (改为宾语从句)
The girl asked her mum ________ the telephone ________ invented by Bell.
8. I wondered. Will Jack recognize me after such a long time? (合并两句)
I wondered ________ Jack ________ recognize me after such a long time.
9. When are we going to visit the museum? Do you know? (改为宾语从句)
Do you know when _______ _______ going to visit the museum?
10. “What are you doing?” My teacher asked us .（合并为一句）
My teacher asked us what ________ ________doing.

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11. “Are there any new products for the European market?” the manager wanted to know. (合并句
子)
The manager wanted to know ________there _______any new products for the European
market.
12. Could you tell me? How can I deal with all these problems? (合并句子)
Could you tell me how _______ _______ deal with all these problems
13. _______ carefully, Michael! There's a school ahead.
A. Drive B. To drive C. Drove D. Driving
14. Don’t fight with others, ___________?
we you we you
15. _________good time they are having with their family on the beach!
A. What B. How C. What a D. How a
16. Keep an English diary, _______ your English will improve.
A. or B. since C. when D. and
17. It’s time for sports. Let’s _______ bowling, shall we?
A. go B. to go C. going D. goes
18.
A. not be B. not to be C. be not D. don't be
19. Don’t be afraid to make mistakes, _______ you’ll never really learn the language.
A. or B. so C. but D. and
20. Let’s keep quiet in the school library, _______?
A. shall we B. can we C. will you D. do you
21. Mike, ________ to smile at life and it will smile back.
A) tries B) tried

C) try
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D) trying

22. – Sorry, Mr. Oliver isn’t in. -- What a pity! Let us leave a message, _______?
A) will we B) shall we C) will you D) shall you


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