最新初二英语重点之宾语从句用法

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宾语从句

一、掌握宾语从句的概念
宾语从句即指在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句。对比下面两句：
简单句： I know him.
主语 谓语 宾语
主从复合句： (I know ) that he is a teacher.
主句 （主语+谓语） 宾语从句
如：I hope you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得愉快。
He began to think about what he should do. 他开始考虑应当怎样做。
二、注意宾语从句的时态

宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语时态的制约，此为时态呼应。
①若主句为一般现在时，宾语从句的时态可根据情况使用任意时态；
②但若主句为一般过去时，则宾语从句必须要用过去的某种时态与主句呼应。比较：
He says he is busy. 他说他很忙。 He said he was busy. 他说他很忙。
I know you will agree. 我知道你会同意的。 I knew you would agree. 我知道你会同意的
?
当宾语的内容表示的是 客观真理时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。
如：
The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. 老师说，地球绕着太阳转。
三、明确宾语从句的语序
宾语从句属名词性从句，不管用什么样 的引导词引导，宾语从句的语序总是用陈述语序（主
语+谓语）。如：
She asked when she could leave. 她问她何时可以离开。
Please tell me what you need. 请告诉我你需要什么。
四、分清宾语从句的引导词
1. 当宾语从句部分表示陈述句语气时，用that引导。that只起引导词作用，不充当句子成< br>分，也没有词义，且通常可以省略。如：We think (that) he will help us. 我们认为他会帮助
我们。
He said (that) he was good at English. 他说他擅长英语。
I know (that) he is very busy. 我知道他很忙。
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2. 当宾语从句部分为一般疑问句时，用 if 或 whether 引导。if 和 whether 引导宾语从句，不
充当句子成分，但有词义，表示“是否”。如：
I don’t know if whether he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。
She asked if whether that was enough. 她问那是否够了。
I wonder whether if it is true. 我不知道是不是真的。
▲一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下4种情况只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.
②在介词后：It depends on（依靠） whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
④宾语从句位于句首时：Whether we’ll attend the meeting,no one knows.
3. 如果宾语从句原来为特殊疑问句时，用特殊疑问词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的特殊疑
问词有what, who, whom, which, whose,when, how, where, why等。此时要特别注意宾语从
句用陈述句词序，而不用疑问句词序。如：
She asked who would like to go.
Tell me whose wallet this is.
I don’t know ______________________________(他有什么问题）。.
He knows __________________________ 他知道他们住哪里。
Tell us how you are getting on now. 告诉我们你现在过得怎样？
I can’t tell you ________________________________. 我不能告诉你她为什么在哭。
He didn’t say ________________________________. 他没有说什么时候回来。
▲what引导宾语从句时，有时表示“什么”，有时表示“…所…的”:
I asked what he needed. 我问他需要什么。
I gave him what he needed. 我给了他所需要的东西。
Please remember_________ _________________________(我昨天所说的话）.
【注意】
1．由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句可以和“疑问词+不定式”结构转化同义句。
eg. I don't know how I should do with the presents.
==> I don't know how to do with the presents.
Eg:1)Please tell me what I should do next.(改同义句)
Please tell me what ______ _______ next.
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2) I haven’t decided where I will go.(改同义句)
I haven’t decided ________ _______ ＿＿＿＿＿．
五
、宾语从句与否定前移
当主句的主语为第一人称，动词 为think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine ，后接一个表示
否定意义的宾语从句时，其否定通常转移到主句。如：
I don’t think that it is worth doing.. 我认为这不值得做。
I don’t believe that he will help us. 我相信他不会来。
ｅｇ：１）Ｉ ｓｕｐｐｏｓｅ．Ｈｅ ｗｏｎ＇ｔ ｂｅ ｌａｔｅ．（合并为复合句）
Ｉ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ｓｕｐｐｏｓｅ ｔｈａｔ ｈｅ ＿＿＿＿ｂｅ ｌａｔｅ．
２）Ｗｅ ｅｘｐｅｃｔ．Ｔｈｅｙ ｗｏｎ＇ｔ ｌｅａｖｅ．（合并为复合句）
Ｗｅ ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ｅｘｐｅｃｔ ｔｈｅｙ ＿＿＿＿＿＿ ｌｅａｖｅ
六．
宾语从句和状语从句的区分

七．eg. 1） I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.／Ｉｆ it is fine，I will go out tomorrow．
八． 2） I don't know if the train has arrived.
九．句1）中if引导的是条件状语从句。这个从句表示“条 件”，修饰主句。句子的意思是＂
如果明天天气好，我就出去＂。句2）中if引导的是宾语从句，充当 谓语动词don't know
的宾语。 句子的意思是＂我不知道火车是否到达＂。
十．◆判断方法：
十一．1．可以从整个句式看。状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（个别除外）， 宾
语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
十二．2．从引导词看。if充当宾语从句的连接词时，相当于whether， 词义为“是否”，充
当条件状语从句的连接词时，词义为“如果”。
when充当宾语从句 的连接词时，意为“什么时候”，充当状语从句的连接词时，意为“当……
的时候”。
Eg:１．Ｉ ｗｉｌｌ ｃａｌｌ ｙｏｕ ｗｈｅｎ Ｉ ａｒｒｉｖｅ．（＿＿＿＿＿＿＿
从句）

２．Ｉ ｗａｎｔ ｔｏ ｋｎｏｗ ｗｈｅｎ Ｉ ｃａｎ ａｒｒｉｖｅ．（＿＿＿＿＿＿
从句）

3．从时态看。if 和when作连接词时，引导宾语从句要注意：从句的谓语动词的时态应根
据主句的时态作相应的变化。
if和when充当从属连词时，引导条件和时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，
则从句的时态应用一般现在时表示将来（主将从现）。
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Eg:
１．Ｈｅ ｗｉｌｌ ｇｏ ｉｆ ｉｔ ｉｓ ｆｉｎｅ ｔｏｍｏｒｒｏｗ．（
________
从句）
２．Ｈｅ ｄｉｄｎ＇ｔ ｋｎｏｗ ｉｆ ｓｈｅ ｌｉｋｅｄ ｔｈｅ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔ。
（
____________
从句）

七、宾语从句与形式宾语 it
当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时，通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句移至句末。如：
I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
He hasn’t made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚

注意：标点由主句决定，如主句是陈述句、祈使句，则用句号；是疑问句则用问号。
eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?
★宾语从句练习题
一． 选择 。
1. I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow. _________ he comes, I'll tell you．
A. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If
2. I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow.
A. when does he come B. how will he come
C. if he comes D. whether he'll come
3. Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is?
A. what B. how C. whether D. where
4. Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help?
A. how did he mend B. what did he mend
C. how he mended D. what he mended
5. I want to know _________.
A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is looking
C. whom is she looking D. whom she is looking after
6. Do you know where _________ now?
A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live
7. Do you know what time _________?
A. the train leave B. does the train leave
C. will the train leave D. the train leaves
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8. I don't know _________. Can you tell me, please?
A. how the two players are old B. how old are the two players
C. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are
9. The small children don't know _________.
A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockings
C. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings
10. I can't understand _________.
A. what does Christmas mean B. what Christmas does mean
C. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas means
二. 按要求转换句型。
1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）
Could you tell us _________ Mr. Brown _________ living in China?
2. help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）
He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help．
3. Jim is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）
_________ Jim _________Tom is a student.
4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I want to know ____________ the train _____________.
5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用not．．．until改写)
They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
6. Did Peter come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
Li Lei wants to know _____________ Peter _________ here yesterday.
三、将下面的句子合并成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said ___________ these flowers ___________ from Guangdong.
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _________ light ___________ faster than sound.
3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _________ there _________ ________ a meeting in five days.
4．Can they speak French? I want to know.
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_______________ ___________________________________
I want to know __________ ___________ ___________ ___________ French.
5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me __________ the children __________ __________ games.
6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ______ ______ ______ _____ _____ homework yet.
7．Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _________ _________ ________ her car?
8．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _________ _________ often ____________ about.
9．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know ________ ___________ at the door so loudly.
10. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.
I don't know __________ he still ___________ in that street.
四、选择填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it
C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry
( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost
C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car
( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.
A. whether he has finished reading the book
B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris
( )5. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
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_______________ ___________________________________
( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave
C. why she had left D. why had she left
( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get he gets does he get D. why he got
( ) 9.－－Do you know when he ______ back ?
－－Sorry , I don”t . When he _______back , I”ll tell you .
A. comes comes B. comes will come
C. will come comes D. will come will come
( )10. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen
C. how it happened D. how did it happen
( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
A. how we should do B. what should we do
C. how to do it D. what to do it
( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking
( ) don't know _______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
( )14. Mary said that she ___ to Guangzhou.
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five
years.
A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another
( )16. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the USA.
A. where is he has been B. where he is has gone
C. where was he has been D. where he was has gone
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_______________ ___________________________________
( )17. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.
─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.
A. you have will rain B. you will have will rain
C. you will have rains D. will you have rains
( )18. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
A. finds arrives B. finds will arrive
C. will find will arrive D. will find arrives
( ) Li said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster’s desk.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
( )20. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. We are sure that he ____________ (go) to school tomorrow.
2. Do you know who ______________ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?
3. Could you tell me where the post office __________ (is)?
4. Our father said that he ___________ (will) buy a new computer.
5. I hear that he ___________ (swim) in the sea yesterday.
6. The little boy tells us where his father ___________ (work).
7. He said that he _______________ (finish) his work already.
8. They thought they _____________ ( can hike) to the top of the mountain.
9. He was glad that so many people ____________ (help) him.
10. She doesn’t know whether ____________ (go) or wait.
六. 翻译：
1. Please tell me ___________________________________. （我们什么时候会开会）
2. Can you tell me ________________________________? （他在哪儿）
3. Could you tell me ______________________________?（我该怎么去车站）
4. Would you tell me ____________________________? （为什么火车迟到了）
5. I want to know ___________________________________. （他是否跟我们一起去公园）
6. Ask him _____________________________________. （他是否能来）
7. I don't know ______________________________________.（是否要下雨）
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_________ _________________________________________

感叹句
感叹句通常由what, how引导，表示赞美、惊叹、喜悦、等感情。
what修饰名词，how 修饰形容词、副词或动词，感叹句结构主要有以下几种：
①How +形容词+ aan +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)
②How+形容词副词(+主语+谓语)
③How +主语+谓语
④What+aan+形容词+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)
⑤What+ 形容词+复数名词(+主语+谓语)
6)What+ 形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)
How clever a boy he is! How lovely the baby is!
What a clever boy he is! What wonderful ideas (we have)!
How time flies! What cold weather it is!
★★感叹句巧解：感叹句要看后面，即看形容词后面，
1) 若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数，就用what aan；
2) 形容词后紧跟不可数名词或可数名词复数，只用what。
3）若形容词后后紧跟aanthemyy ourthisthatthesethoseTom’s等等，则直接用how。
如：
例句1：What a good boy he is! 他是个多么好的男孩啊！

形容词 单数名词
例句2：What good boys they are! 他们是多么好的男孩啊！

形容词 复数名词
例句3：What cold weather it is! 多么冷的天气啊！

形容词 不可数名词
例句4：How good the boy is! 这男孩多好啊！

形容词 the
★★★ 若没有形容词，而出现副词或是句子，直接用how.
例：How well he plays the guitar! 他吉他弹得多好啊！

副词 （what不可以修饰副词，看到副词直接用how）
How time flies!
How fast Liu Xiang runs!
感叹句专项练习
一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。
1).___________ difficult homework we had yesterday!
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___ _______________________________________________
2).___________cute dog it is!
3).___________ interesting the story is!
4).___________ bad the weather in England is!
5).___________ honest boy Tom is ！
6).___________hard the work is!
7).__________ good time we had on the beach yesterday!
8).___________ exciting news you've brought us!
9).___________cool your new car is!
10).___________ scary these tigers are!
二、选择填空。
1. _______ fast the boy ran!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
2. _______ well you sing but _______ badly he dances!
A. How, how B. What, what
C. How, what D. What, how
3. ________ delicious the soup is! I’d like some more.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
4. _______ fools they were! They believed what the man said.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
5. _______ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
6. _______ difficult questions they are! I can’t answer them.
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
7. I miss my friend very much. _______ I want to see her!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
8. _______ lovely weather we are having these days!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
9. _______ beautiful your new dress is!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
10. _______ interesting work it is to teach children!
A. How B. How an C. What D. What an
三、把句子变为相应的感叹句：
1. The boy swam very fast.（同义句）
___________ ___________ the boy swam!
2. The school trip is very exciting. （同义句）
____________ ____________ the school trip is!
3. The city looks very beautiful in winter. （同义句）
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_ _________________________________________________
_________ _______ the city looks in winter!
4. It is a very useful dictionary. （同义句）
___________ ___________ useful dictionary it is!
___________ ___________ ___________ dictionary is!
___________ ___________ a dictionary it is!
5. The students are listening very carefully.
____________ ____________ the students are listening ! 酱炒牛柳条 ：Sautéed Beef Filet
in XO Sauce

阿香婆石头烤肉 ：Beef BBQ with Spicy Sauce

八宝菠菜 ：Spinach with Eight Delicacies

白菜豆腐焖酥肉：Braised Pork Cubes with Tofu and Chinese Cabbage

白菜心拌蜇头：Marinated Jellyfish and Chinese Cabbage in Vinaigrette

白灵菇扣鸭掌 ：Mushrooms with Duck Feet

白灵菇牛柳 ：Stir-Fried Beef Filet with Mushrooms

白切鸡 ：Boiled Chicken with Sauce

白灼肥牛 ：Scalded Beef

百叶结烧肉 ：Stewed Pork Cubes and Tofu Skin in Brown Sauce

板栗红烧肉 ：Braised Pork with Chestnuts

拌八爪鱼 ：Spicy Cuttlefish

拌豆腐丝 ：Shredded Tofu with Sauce

拌海螺 ：Whelks and Cucumber

拌苦菜 ：Mixed Bitter Vegetables

拌茄泥 ：Mashed Eggplant with Garlic

拌双耳 ：Tossed Black and White Fungus

拌爽口海苔 ：Sea Moss with Sauce

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____ ______________________________________________
拌香椿苗 ：Chinese Toon with Sauce

包子 ：Baozi

鲍鱼红烧肉 ：Braised Pork with Abalone

鲍汁扣东坡肉：Braised Dongpo Pork with Abalone Sauce


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