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完整虚拟语气用法表格
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第四章
虚拟语气
(一) 状语从句中的虚拟语气
虚拟语气在if引导
的条件句中的用法
三点:
表示于现在事实相
反的虚拟条件句
从句(条件) 主句(目的)
表示与过去事实相
反的拟条件句
表示与将来事实相
反的虚拟条件句
If+主语+动词的过去式(be用
were)
If I had time, I
would attend the
meeting.
If+主语+had+动词的过去分词
If he had hurried, he
could have
caught the train.
主语+would(should could might)+动词
原型
主语+would(should could might)
+have+动词的过去分词
错综时间条件句—
—主从句时间不一
致的情况下的虚拟
语气
含蓄条件句
1、If+主语+动词过去式 主语+would(could should
might)+动
2、If+主语+were to+ 动词原形 词原型
3、If+主语+should +动词原形
If I were to go
abroad, I would go to
America.
有时条件从句中的动作与
主句中的动作,发生的时间不一致,这是动作的形
式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。
If
you had followed my advice, you would be better
now.
If you had studied hard before, you would
be a college student now.
有时虚拟条件句并没用if从句表示出来,而
是用介词短语(otherwise,
or,without,but
for)上下文或其他方式来表示。
She would have died without
my help.。
条件从句中省略if
采用倒装语序的情
况
虚拟语气在as ifas
though引导的方式
状语从句中
在if引
导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中,有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if
省去,而将had,should,
were等助动词提到主语之前。
例:原句:1: If she were younger,
she,would do it.
去if:Were she younger, she
would do it.
2: If you had come earlier, you
would have met him.
去if: Had you come earlier,
you would have met him
3:If it should rain
tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
去if:Should
it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
1.表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑,谓语动词用过去式。
He treats
the boy as if he were his own son.
2.表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时。
He spoke as if he
had known about it.
3.表示与将来事实相反,(表示将来的可能性不大),用would (might,
could)+
动词原形
He acts as if he could win in
the game .
注意:1.在as ifas though
句中,如果有可能成为事实,用陈述语气。
例:He looks as if he going
to be ill.
though或as
if引导的状语从句,从句主语和主句主语相同时,从句中可省
略主语和部分谓语。
虚拟语气用在lest,
for fear that,so that
及in
order that引导
的目的状语从句中
表示“以防,以
免”等意思
谓语动词多用shouldcouldmight+动词原型构成
For fear
that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an
umbrella.
“In case”引导的从(should)+动词原型
句中即可用陈述例: game will be put off in case it
(should) snow.
game will be put off in case
it snows.
句,也可以用虚拟
语气
(二)名词性从句中的虚拟语气
一:宾语从句中的虚拟
语气
1.在动词wishhope后
的宾语从句中的
虚拟语
气,表示一种不可能实现
的愿望。
对现在情况的虚拟:从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。
I wish (that) I
were a bird.
对过去情况的虚拟:从句谓语动词用过去完成时,或would,coul
d,
might+现在完成时。
I wish (that) I had seen
the film last night.
对将来情况的虚拟:从句谓语“wouldshouldcouldmight+动词原形”。
I wish (that) I wouldcould go.
在表示建议,命令,要
求,忠告,等动词的后
面的宾语从句中的虚拟
语气
均以“should+动词原型”表示这种语气,“should”常被省略。
We
suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
They insisted that the boy (should) go with
them.
常用的此类动词有:
表示“提议,劝告,建议”的:propose,
suggest, recommend, advise.
表示“要求”的:ask,
desire, request, demand, require, beg
表示“同意,坚持”的:insist
表示“决定,命令”的:decide, order
Would rather,had
rather,后的宾语从句
中的虚拟语气
注意:suggest, insist
不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其
本意暗示,表明,坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
The smile on his face suggested (暗示)that he
was satisfied with our work.
The man insisted
【坚持认为】that he had never stolen the money.
谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反
I would rather you told
me the truth.
用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做
的事的懊悔”。
I would rather you had gone there last Sunday.
注意:1.若某人愿自己做某事,would rather后用动词原型
rather…..than……中用动词原型
I would rather do it by
myself.
Iwouldratherwatch TV at homethango to
the cinema.
主语从句中的虚拟语气
“It
is(was)+形容词(或表达形式为should+动词原形或省略should
过去分词)+that….”结It’s quite necessary that we
should have a walk now.
构中的虚拟语气
常用的形
容词:natural,appropriate,advisable,necessary,importa
nt,
urgent,probable,possible,desirable,strange。
注意:在上述所列形容词后面用that引出的宾语从句中,谓语动词也要
用虚拟语气。
例:I don’t think it advisable that tom be
assigned to the job since he has no
experience.(汤姆缺乏经验,指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的).
在“It
is (was)+名词
+that…..”结构句中的
虚拟语气
表示建议,命令,请求,道歉,怀疑,惊奇等。
It’s a pity that you
(should) miss a good chance.
这类名词有:advice,deci
sion,desire,demand,idea,order,pity,
proposal,re
commendation,suggestion,surprise,wish,wonder等。
二.表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气
某些表示建议,请求,
命令等主观意向的名
词
做主语时,其后的表语
从句或同位语从句需用
虚拟语气
表达形式为should+动词原型或直接用动词原型。
My idea is that
we (should ) think it over before accepting it.
We all agree to that suggestion that the
meeting (should) be put off.
在It is
demandedsuggestedorderedrequired….
that-
clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型
It is demanded that
we should work out a plan.
这类名词常见的
有:demand,desire,requirement,advice,
recommendat
ion,suggestion,order,necessity,proposal,plan,idea。
在It is (abouthigh) time+that
定语从句中的虚拟语气
表示“该做……..的时
候了”
其动词形式用一般过去时或should+动词原型
It is high time
that you went should go to school.
注意:在this
is the first time second time
that….句型中,从句中谓语动词
用陈述语气完成时态。
This is the
second time that we have achieved such a great
success.
. 选择题
1. If only he
____quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not
suffer so much now.
A. lies B. lay C. had lain
D. should lie
2. How I wish every family ____a
large house with a beautiful garden.
A. has B.
had C. will have D. had had
3. You did not let
me drive. If we ____in turn, you ____ so tired
A. drove; didn’t get B. drove; wouldn’t
get C. were driving; wouldn’t get
D. had
driven wouldn’t have got
4. _____it rain
tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to
the Yangpu Bridge
A. Were B. Should C. Would
D. Will
5. I suggested the person _____ to be
put into prison
A. refers B. referring C.
referred D. refer
6. When a pencil is partly
in a glass of water, it looks as if it____
A.
breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been
broken
7. I insisted _____to see a doctor, but
he insisted nothing ___ wrong with him
A. on
him to go; should be B. he went; be C. he go; was
D. he should to; is
8. ---Your aunt invites
you to the movies today
---I had rather she
____ me tomorrow than today
A. tells B. told
C. would tell D. had told
9. ---Would you have
called her up had it been possible
---Yes,
but I ____busy doing my homework
A. was B.
were C. had been D. would be
10. I was ill
that day, otherwise I ____ the sports meet
A.
would have taken part in B. took part in C. had
taken part in D. would take part in
11.
___the clouds, you would find the airplane in the
sky easily
A. Had it not been for B. If
it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it
not for
12. If my lawyer ____here last Sunday,
he ____ me from going
A. had been, would have
prevented B. had been, would prevent
C.
were, prevent D. were, would have prevented
13. ____hard, he would have
passed the exam
A. If he were to work B. Had
he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work
14. ____today, he would get there by Friday
A. Were he to leaveB. If he had left C. Did he
to leave D. Had he left
15. Had you listened
to the doctor, you ____all right now
A. are B.
were C. would be D. would have been
16. I did
not see your sister at the meeting. If she ____,
she would have met my brother
A. has come B.
did come C. come D. had come
17. He ____busy
yesterday, or he ___you with your experiment.
A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped
C. had been, would have helped D. were,
would
have helped
18. If it ____for the snow, we____
the mountain yesterday
A. were not, could have
climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been,
could have climbed D.
hadn’t been, could
climb
19. Without electricity, human life
____quite difficult today
A. is B. will be C.
would have been D. would be
20. ---I am going
to tell her the news
---I would as soon you
_____her about it
A. didn’t tell B. don’t
tell C. hadn’t tell D. won’t tell
21. Mike’s
father, as well as his mother, insisted he
____home
A. stayed B. could stay C. has
stayed D. stay
22. It was requested that the
play ____again
A. should put on B. would put
on C. be put on D. put on
23. She insisted
that a doctor _____ immediately
A. had sent
for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent
24.
---Did you scold him for his carelessness
----Yes, but ____it
A. I’d rather not do
B. I’d rather not have done C. I should’ t do D.
I’d better not do
25. If only I ___my car
A. hadn’t lost B. wouldn’t lose C. didn’t
lose D. haven’t lost
26. But for water, it
____impossible to live in the earth
A. is B.
would C. were D. wouldn’t be
27. I would
rather you ____anything about it for the time
being
A. do B. didn’t do C. don’t D. didn’t
28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan
very well as though he ____ their own son
A.
is B. were C. had been D. should be
29. How
the old people wish that they ____young once more
A. were B. could become C. had been D. should
be
30. It is high time that we ____ a meeting
to discuss this problem
A. hold B. held C.
have held D. had held
31. The thief closed
his eyes ____ he ____dying
A. even if , was B.
though, would be C. even, had been D. as if,
were
32. I wish that you ____ such a bad
headache because I am sure that you would have
enjoyed the concert
A. had not B. did not have
had C. hadn’t had D. hadn’t have
33. The
chairman insisted that we ____the question again
A. will discuss B. to discuss C. should
discuss D. will be discussed
34. He requested that the students ____them
get in crops
A. help B. to help C. helped D.
helping
35. The guard at the gate insisted
that everybody _____the rules
A. obeys B. Obey
C. will obey D. would obey
36. I wish I
____here then
A. was B. had been C. were D.
would be
37. It is strange that he ____back so
early
A. came B. will come C. had come D.
should have come
38. Mother suggested that I
___my homework first before watching TV
A. did
B. do C. shall do D. have done
39. My
suggestion is that the meeting ____off till nest
Sunday
A. be put B. put C. should put D. had
been put
40. He is talking so much about
America as if he ____ there
A. had been B. has
been C. was D. been
41. The teacher demanded
that the exam _____ before eleven
A. must
finish B. would be finished C. be finished D.
must be finished
42. ---Sorry, Joe. I did not
mean to……
----Don’t call me “Joe”, I am Mr.
Parker to you, and ____ you forget it!
A. do
B. didn’t C. did D. don’t
43. I did not
attend the lecture by Pro. Jackson. I ____ but I
____ all this morning
A. would, have washed B.
could, have been washing C. would have, have been
washing D. could
have, had washing
44. How
I wish I ____ to repair the watch! I only made it
worse
A. had tried B. hadn’t tried C. have
tried D. didn’t try
45. ----How could I thank
you enough
----Don’t mention it. Any other
man ____it
A. must do B. could do C. would
have done D. should have done
46. Key
European governments insist Iraq’s co-operation
____ good and military action______ to allow
inspections to continue
A. be, be delayed
B. is, delay C. should be, be delayed D. is , be
delayed
47. If the hurricane had happened
during the day-time, ____more deaths
A. it
would have been B. it would be
C. there would
be D. there would have been
48. What the
customers_____ from the company is that the goods
____ right to their homes.
A. requested,
deliver B. demand, be delivered
C. request,
should deliver D. demand, delivered
49. If
law-breakers _____ the society will be in disorder
A. made unpunished B. came unpunished C. went
unpunished D. not punished
50. We took a taxi
to the airport. Otherwise we ____late
A. would
be B. were C. will be D. would have been
51.
Supposing he never ____, what would happen then
A. come B. came C. would come D. will come
52. What do you think his proposal that we
____ a play at the English meeting
A. had put
on B. should put on C. have put on D. will put on
53. I hope that you ____ right
A. will be
B. should be C. were D. would be
54. As you know, I am a disabled man, but I
would be happy if I ___of service to you
A. am
B. have been C. should be D. would be
55. He
insisted that we ____early the next morning
A.
start B. started C. would start D. had started
56. I did not see your sister at the meeting.
If she ____, she would have met my brother
A.
has come B. did come C. had come D. came
57.
We ____last night, but we went to the cinema
instead
A. must have studied B. might study C.
would study D. would have studied
58. If it
_____the snow, we _____the Simian Mountain last
week
A. were not, could have climbed B. were
not, could climb
C. had not been , could
have climbed D. had not been, could climb
答案
1-10 C B D B C C C B A A
11-20
D A B A C D B C D A
21-30 D C C B A C B B A B
31-40 D C C A B B D B A A
41-50 C D C B
C D D B C D
51-58 B B A A AC D C
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