草率是什么意思-形容词的用法
直接引语变间接引语
一、如何变人称;
下面有一句顺口溜“一
随主。二随宾,第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引
语时,如果从句中的主语是第一
人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语
的人称变化如:
She
said.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时,若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人
你所
修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用
第一人称,如:
He said to Kate. 。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接
引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第
三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变
化如:
Mr Smith said。 。ker。
二、如何变时态:
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态;过去时态改为完成时;过去完成时则保留原来的时态。如:
1)She said.
2)She said.
3) She said.
。d go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时,时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。
The teacher told me the
earth moves around the sun and the moon moves
around the earth。
②直接引语是过去进行时,时态不变。如:
Jack said.
was going when he met him in
the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语,变为间接引语时,时态不变。如:
Xiao Wang said. 。 said he was born on April
20,
1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作,变
间接引语,时态不变。
如:
He said, 。。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式(例:ought to, had better,
used to)和已经
是过去时的形式时,(例:could, should, would,
might)不再变。如:
Peter said. 。。
三、如何变状语: 直接引语变间接引语,状语变化有其内在规津,时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”(例:now变
为
then, yesterday。变为 the day before)地点状语,尤其表示方向性的,或用
指示代词修饰
的状语,由“此”改为“彼”(例:this 改为that),如:
He
said,
四、如何变句型:
①直接引语如果是陈述句,间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如:She said,
arrive in five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑
问句,选择疑问句或一般疑问句,间接引语应改为由whether或if
引导的宾语从句.如:He
said,
have finished the homework, haven?t
you?my mother asked. →My mother asked me
whether I had finished the homework.
to
school by bus or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特殊问句,间接引语应该
改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句(宾
语从句必须用陈述句语序)。
She
asked me,
④直接引语如果是祈使句,间接引语应改为等) sb (not) to
do sth.句型。
如:
any noise.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let?s”开头的祈使句,变为间接引语时,通常用“suggest
+动句词(或
从句)。”如:
He said, 或He suggested that
they should
go to see the film.
引述别人的话有两种
方式:一是使用引号引出人家的原话,这叫做直接引语;一是用自己的
话把人家的话转述出来,这叫做间
接引语。例如:
John said,
约翰说:我要和父亲到伦敦去。(引号内是直接引语)
John said that
he was going to London with his father.
约翰说,他要和他父亲去伦敦。(宾语从句是间接引语)
由直接引语变为间接引语,分以下情况:
1. 直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为that引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省略),主句的引述动词主要有say
,tell,
repeat, explain, think等。
He said ,
?He said (that ) I was younger than him.
2.直接引语是疑问句时
间接引语为陈述语序:主句的谓语动词say
改为ask,或改为wonder, do not know, want to
know, be
not sure, be puzzled等。
(1) 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if
(whether)引导的宾语从句。
She said,
→She asked
me if (或whether)I often went there to read
newspapers.
She asked me ,
→She asked me
whether(或if )I had seen the film.
(2)
选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。
I asked him,
→I
asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a
film that night.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
He asked ,
→He asked me where I lived.
3.直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式,作ask , tell,
beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语(don?t 变为
not
).
The teacher said to the boy, eacher told
the boy to open the window.
His father said
to him ,
open.
[注意]
(1)
有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句,可以用suggest ,insist等动词
加以转述。
例如:
He said,
→He suggested (our
)going to the theatre.或He suggested that
we(should) go to the theatre.
(2)
→He
asked me to open the window.
→he advised
me to take a walk after supper.
→He
suggested listening to the music.
4.直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what 或how 引导,也可以用that 引导。
She said,
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said
that it was a lovely day.
5.如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般
将来时,则间接引语中的动词仍保持直接引语原
来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时,间接引语中的动词
时态按下列变化:
(1) 一般现在时变为一般过去时
(2)
现在进行时变为过去进行时
(3) 一般将来时变为过去将来时
(4)
现在完成时变为过去完成时
(5) 一般过去时变为过去完成时
(6)
过去完成时不变,仍为过去完成时
[注意]
(1)
如果直接引语是表示客观真理时,变为间接引语,一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如:
The
teacher said
→The teacher said that the earth
goes round the sun.
(2)
如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语,变为间接引语时,一般过去时不改为过去
完成时。如:
He said to me,
→He told me that he was
born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效,变为间接宾语时
,一般现在时不改为一
般过去时。如:
He said,
→He said
that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词
表示一种反复出现或习惯动作,在变为间接引时,一般现在
时不改为一般过去时。如:
The girl said,
→The girl said that
she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句,
在变为间接引
语时,只改变主句中的谓语动词,从句的一般过去时则不变。如:
He
said to me,
→He told me that he had taught
English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词
must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去式could, might,
should, would,在变为间接引语时,这些情态动词没有时态的改变。例如:
The teacher said to me .
→The teacher
told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention
to my pronunciation.
He said ,
→He said
that he could swim when he was only six.
6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。
指示代词 this ---that
these--- those
表示时间的词 now --- then
today--- that day
this week(month ,etc)
----that week (month ,etc)
yesterday ----the
day before
last week(month) --- the
week(month) before
three days(a year)ago---
three days(a year)before
tomorrow ----the
next (following ) day
next week(month)--the
next(following)week(month)
表地点的词 here --there
动词 bring -- take
come --go
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