直接引语变间接引语的用法

直接引语变间接引语的用法
一、如何变人称;
下面有一句顺口溜“一随主 。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接
引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称 或被第一人称所修饰。从句中
的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：
She said.
with her.
“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人 称。或
被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的
主句没有 宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：
He said to Kate.
then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第
三人称或被第三人称所修 饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：
Mr. Smith said: 。
worker。
二、如何变时态：
直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的
时态。如：
1) She said.
2) She said.
3) She said. 。 go to see his
friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理。

told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves
around the earth。

②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。如：
Jack said. “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?” →Jack
asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时
态不变。如：
Xiao Wang said. 。e was born
on April 20, 1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接
引语， 时态不变。如：
He said, 。
morning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better,
used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。
如：
Peter said. 。
that day。
三、如何变状语：
直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其内在规则，时间状语由“现在”改为“ 原来”
（例：now变为then, yesterday变为 the day before）地点 状语，尤其表示方向性
的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that),如：
He said, s are mine.
四、如何变句型：
①直接引语如果是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。如：She
said,
five minutes.
②直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问 句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为
由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：He said, an you swim, John?
John if he could swim.

asked me whether I had finished the homework.

or by bike.
③直接引语如果是特 殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导
的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me,
their dinner.
④直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为等) sb.(not) to do
sth.句型。如：
to the children. →She told (ordered) the children
not to make any noise.

tea.
⑤直接引语如果是以“Let‘s”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +
动句词（或从句）。”如：
He said, ggested going to the film.或He suggested
that they should go to see the film.
引述别人的话有两种方式：一是使用引号引出人家的原话，这叫做直接引 语；
一是用自己的话把人家的话转述出来，这叫做间接引语。例如：
John said,
约翰说：我要和父亲到伦敦去。（引号内是直接引语）
John said that he was going to London with his father.
约翰说，他要和他父亲去伦敦。（宾语从句是间接引语）
由直接引语变为间接引语，分以下情况：
1、直接引语是陈述句时
间接引语为th at引导的宾语从句（口语中that可以省略），主句的引述动词
主要有say ,tell, repeat, explain, think等。
He said,
2、直接引语是疑问句时

间接引语为陈述语序：主句的谓语动词say 改为ask,或改为wonder, do not
know, want to know, be not sure, be puzzled等。
（1） 一般疑问句或反意疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语从句。
She said,
→She asked me if (或whether)I often went there to read newspapers.
She asked me, the film, haven’t you?
→She asked me whether(或if )I had seen the film.
（2） 选择疑问句变为whether….or 宾语从句。
I asked him,
→I asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that night.
(3)特殊疑问句变为由原来的疑问词引导的宾语从句。
He asked,
3、直接引语是祈使句时
间接引语为不定式，作ask , tell, beg, order, warn, advise等动词的宾语补足语
（don’t 变为not ）.
The teacher said to the boy,
open the window.
His father said to him, “Don’t leave the door open.” →His father told him not to
leave the door open.
[注意]
（1） 有些表示建议、提议、劝告或要求的祈使句，可以用suggest ,insist等
动词 加以转述。例如：
He said,
→He suggested (our )going to the theatre.或He suggested that we(should) go to
the theatre.
(2)
→He asked me to open the window.

→he advised me to take a walk after supper.

→He suggested listening to the music.
4、直接引语是感叹句时
间接引语为what 或how 引导，也可以用that 引导。
She said,
→She said what a lovely day it was .或She said that it was a lovely day.
5、如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将 来时，则间接引语中的动词仍保
持直接引语原来时态。如果主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时 态按下
列变化：
（1） 一般现在时变为一般过去时
（2） 现在进行时变为过去进行时
（3） 一般将来时变为过去将来时
（4） 现在完成时变为过去完成时
（5） 一般过去时变为过去完成时
（6） 过去完成时不变，仍为过去完成时
[注意]
（1） 如果直接引语是表示客观真理时，变为间接引语，一般现在时不改为
一般过去时。如：
The teacher said
→The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.
（2） 如果直接引语中有明确表示过时间的状语，变为间接引语时，一般过
去时不改为过去完成时。如：
He said to me,
→He told me that he was born in 1973.
(3)如果直接引语所述事实在当时和目前同样生效，变为间接宾语时， 一般现
在时不改为一般过去时。如：
He said,
→He said that he is a boy ,not a girl.
(4)如果直接引语中的谓语动词表 示一种反复出现或习惯动作，在变为间接引
时，一般现在时不改为一般过去时。如：
The girl said,

→The girl said that she gets up at six every morning.
(5)如果直接引语中含有since, when, while 引导的表示过去时间的状语从句，
在变为间接引语时，只改变主句中的谓语动 词，从句的一般过去时则不变。如：
He said to me,
→He told me that he had taught English since he came here.
(6)如果直接引语中含有情态动词 must, need, had better以及情态动词的过去
式could, might, should, would,在变为间接引语时，这些情态动词没有时态的改变。
例如：
The teacher said to me .
→The teacher told me that I must (have to ) pay more attention to my
pronunciation.
He said ,
→He said that he could swim when he was only six.
6.代词等一般地应作用相应的变化。
指示代词 this ---that
these--- those
表示时间的词 now --- then
today--- that day
this week(month ,etc) ----that week (month ,etc)
yesterday ----the day before
last week(month) --- the week(month) before
three days(a year)ago--- three days(a year)before
tomorrow ----the next (following ) day
next week(month)--the next(following)week(month)
表地点的词 here --there
动词 bring -- take
come –go
直接引语变间接引语的用法及讲解
定义：直接引语：直接引用别人的原话，并在原话前后加引号。

例：He said:
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话，多数以宾语从句的形式构成。
例：He said it was too late.
直接引语与间接引语相互转化时应注意的问题
第一：人称的变化。
主语为第一人称的直接引语，变间接引语时，人称要做相应调整。
例如：
直接引语 She said:
间接引语 She said she was hungry.
直接引语 Mum said to me:
间接引语 Mum told me that I had to clean my bedroom by myself.
第二：时态变化
直接引语变间接引语时，间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致。其规律如下
图。
注意：
1.直接引语为客观真理时，间接引语时态不变，仍用一般现在时。
例如：Teacher told us:
Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.
2.直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时，间接引语仍用一般过去
时。
例如：She said:
She said she went to England in 1998.
3.主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候，间接引语时态不变。
He says:
He says that he bought me a book yesterday.
第三：指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。
第四：句式上的变化
1.陈述句变间接引语时，用that连接。
如：She said:

She said that she was a girl. (that可以省略)
2.一般疑问句，选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时，要用陈述语气，并要
加连词if或whether。
例如：She asked me:
She asked me if I was Mr. Li.
She asked us:
She asked us if we wanted to go on a picnic.
3.特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导。
例如：
Susan asked her husband how much they had spent on petrol that year.
4.祈使句变间接引语，一改二变三加四去。
一改：said (to) 改为asked或told, ordered等
二变：said to 的宾语或呼语变为asked等的宾语
三加：即在动词原形前加to，使成为动词不定式
四去：去掉please
例：He said to her:
He asked her not take the book away.
5.感叹句变为间接引语

She complained about the awful weather.

He praised me that I was a bright girl.