英语中几大从句的用法总结

英语中几大从句的用法总结


⒈主语从句
⑴主 语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓
语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。 常见的
句型有：
*It is a facta pitya questiongood news that...
*It seemsappearshappenedhas turned out that...
*It is clearimportantlikelypossible that...
*It is saidreportedestimatedhas been proved that.
..
*It is said that comic books create a connection bet
ween people of the
same generation.
*It seems that the performance is very useful.
⑵what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it
作形式主语。
*What we lack is experience.

⑶what ,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问
意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用 陈述语序。
*How the plan is to be carried out should be discus
sed again.
*I did know why I felt like crying.
⒉宾语从句
⑴宾语从句可位于及物动 词、介词和某些形容词后。连
词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。
in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是）已构成固定
搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*I promised that I would change the situation.
*All this is different from what American young peo
ple
would say about friendship.
*He is certain that watching so much television is n
ot
good for children.
*This article is well-written except that it is a bit
too long.

⑵宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把
宾语从句移至宾补之后。
*He has made it clear that he would not change his
mind.
⑶在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的 宾语从
句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，
宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
*He didn't think that the money was well spent.
⒊表语从句
⑴表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how
等引导外 ，还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常
可省略。如主句主语为re ason,只能用that引导表语从句，
不可用because.
*Perhaps the most important thing to remember is t
hat
there is no one common type of life in America.
*The reason why so many people died there is that
there were not enough food supplies.
*It looks as if successful international cultural

communication will make the world smaller.
⑵宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把
宾语从句
移至宾补之后。
*He has made it clear that he would not change his
mind.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进 一步说明，一般
用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用
whetherwho when
Wherewhatwhyhow等引导。常见的先行名词有
factidea < br>Beliefnewshopeconclusionevidencesuggestion
o rder
Problemreport,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位
语从 句位于谓语之后。
*She finally made the decision that she would joi
n
the fashion show.

*I had no idea how many books I could borrow at a
time.
*The news came that their team had won the
championship.
5.定语从句
【定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以
是一个句子。定语从句通
常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导】
⑴限制性定语从句【限制性定语从句修饰先行词 ，对先
行词起修饰作用，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句
意思不完整。引导定语从句的 关系代词有
whowhomwhosewhichthat等whowhom
whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于
of which；which用于指 物；that既可指人也可指物，但只
用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代
先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等】
*The computers and cables which make up the
Internet are owned by people and organizations.
*Those who live alone or who are sick may have tro
uble in getting close to other people.

*The girl whose parents died in an accident is livin
g with her grandmother.
1)当先行词是
allanythingeverythingsomethingnothing等不定代词
或先行词 前有firstlastanyfewmuchsomenoonly以及
形容词最高级修饰时，只能用 关系代词that引导从句。
*That is all that I've heard from him.
*He's the first person that I'm going to interview thi
s afternoon.
2)在从 句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟
介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which 或whom
引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，
作为介词宾语的关系代词 仍可用that，也可省略。
*This is one of those things with which we have to
put
up.
*This is one of those things (whichthat) we have to
put up with.

3)引导定语从句的关系副词有whenwherew hy等。关
系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”
的结构。
*Even in comic books where(=in which) there are n
o words,the stories are fully expressed through the dr
awings.
*No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was
so angry that day.
⑵非限制性定语从句【非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行
词，也可修饰整个主句，起补 充说明作用，与主句之间有逗
号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。不可用that引导非限
制 性定语从句。关系词不可省略】
*Every object has a gravitational pull,which is rathe
r like magnetism.

⑶“介词+whichwhomwhose”引导的定语从句
【“介词 +whichwhomwhose”可引导限制性定语从
句，也可引导非
限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语
动词的固

定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配】
*This is the computer on which he spent all his
savings
*It is written by a person with whom we are all
familiar.
⑷as引导的定语从句
【as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及
“the same...as”
的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。as引导非限制
性定语句
时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间】
*These are not such problems as can be easily solv
ed.
(as代替先行词problems)
*As is mentioned above,no single company or grou
p can
Control what happens on the Internet.(as代替主语)
6.状语从句
⑴时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）
whenwhene verwhileasafterbeforesincetilluntilon
ce等。
*We have learnt quite a lot about it since we cam
e
here.
2)as soon ashardly(scarcely)...whenno sooner...th
aneach(every) timethe momentimmediately(that)等。
*As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received
positive responses.
*The moment he heard the good news,he jumpe
d with joy.
⑵地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
*Wherever she went,she took her little daughter
with
her.
⑶原因、结果和目的状语从句

1)引导原因状语从句的连词有：
becauseassincenow(that)seeing thatconsidering th
atin that等。
*Considering that he is a freshman,we must say
he i
doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：
so...that,such...thatso that thatso等。
*Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children
are
reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so thatin order that
for fear thatlest等，从句常使用
maymightcancould
would等情态动词。
*We got up early this morning so that we could c
atch
the first bus to the railway station.
⑷条件和让步状语从句

1）引导条件状语从句的连词有：
ifunless,as(so) long ason condition thatin caseprovi
ded(providing) thatsupposing等。
*As long as you have the right equipment,you ca
n
use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句
thoughalthoughwhethereven though
even ifno matter
what(when,how...)whatever(whenever,
wherever,however....)等。Thougheven if等引导状语
从句 可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。
其结构为 “形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。
*No matter what you may say,I would not chan
ge my mind. *Young as he is,he is quite experience
d in this work.
(=though he is young)
*Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.
(=though he is a child)
⑸方式状语从句

引导方式状语从句的连词有asjust asas ifas though
等。
as ifas though引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟
语气，
表示与事实相反。
*The young man made the experiment just as the

teacher had taught him.
*Everything went on as usual as if nothing had
happened.