常用翻译技巧

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1)Diction（选词用字）
2)Amplification（增词法）
3)Omission（省略法）
4)Conversion（转换法）
5)Repetition（重复法）
6)Inversion(语序调整)
7)Negation（正说反译，反说正译）
8)Division (长句拆译) & Subordination（分清主从）
? 例1. Neat people buy everything in expensive little single
portions.
? 意译：办事讲究的人买什么都讲少而精，愿买贵的。
? √

? 例2． They want quality, but at a budget price.
意译：他们又要货好，又要价格合算。 √
? people at budget:精打细算过日子的人


? 例3．On Taiwan there was little grace and less give between
the two sides.
? 在台湾问题上，双方几乎没有多少客气可讲，更谈

不上让步了。

? 例4. Whichever way you choose to visit Zhengzhou , you will
reach here quickly and enjoy a comfortable stay, because
Zhengzhou has a wide range of accommodation to suit all
budgets and tastes…
? 试译：无论乘坐何种交通工具都能迅速抵达 郑州，下榻此
处会让你倍感舒适，这里的住宿条件能充分满足各种档次
和品味的要求……。

? 例4．New HSR and Maglev would have all- new,
state-of-the-art train control system. The Accelerail options
were estimate with train control systems providing speed and
authority enforcement.
? 译文：新型高速列车或磁浮列车须装 置全新的、造形精美
的列车操纵系统，可供选用的列车操纵系统必须能提供速
度和（威力）强大 的加速力。


? 例6．一幢乡村小学的教学楼，建了7年还是个半拉子工程。
? The construction of the teaching building of a village
school, which was started seven years ago, has ended up a

“never-to-be-finished project”.


? 例7．有市场、有效益的速度，才是真正的发展，才是硬道
理。
? Sound economic growth must be based on strong market
demand and good economic returns. This is a fundamental
principle.

? 例8．“一要吃饭，二要建设”是指导我国经济工作的基本原
则。
? A basic principle guiding our economic work is
“subsistence first and development second”.




? 例1. Saying good-bye to a child going to college for the first
time is rough,…How does a person cut off 18 years of
closeness?
? 孩子考上大学第一次与他送别，这滋味真教人难< br>受。……十八年的骨肉相依，晨夕相处，而今一朝别离，

又怎会舍得呢？
? (语义性增译)
? 例2. Chinese life is filled with lists of bests: The mao-tai at a
banquet is one of the China’s eight great liquors; the view of
the West Lake in Hangzhou is one of the nine ideal vantage
points, and even some companies will declaim that they are
among the 500 national outstanding enterprises.
? 中国人的生 活中充满了一系列“名牌”、“上品”之类的东西：
筵席上的茅台属中国八大名酒之一，杭州西湖属中国 九大
名胜之一,就连一些公司也要自称是全国500强企业之一。
? （语义性增译）



? 例3．Venice invites idleness and strolling. Its silence is restful
and its sundials are inscribed with the words: Horas non
mumero nisi serenas (I count only the happy hours).
? 威尼斯是人们休闲解闷、闲庭信步的好去处，她宁静从容 ，
闲适悠然，连城中的日晷(读“轨”)上都刻着这样的铭文：“只
计幸福时光”。
? (修辞性增译)

? 例4．We have recognized that free trade is not a zero-sum
game.
? “zero-sum”：术语，一种“零和值”
? 或“此方得利彼方遭损”:
? 译文: 我们认识到，自由贸易并非一种损人利己的“零和值”
游戏。
? （语义性增译）
? 例5．(?)信笔写来，(?)竟然差不多都是写我自己的回忆，
这(?)就说明了这本散文集的魅力。
? While writing at will, I find all I’ve done is just
something of my own recollection, which shows how
charming this collection of essays is!
? (结构增译)



? 例6．Dripstones, stalactites, are in different
shapes----- columns, pillars and translucent curtains, conjure up
unforgettable images.
? 各种钟乳石形态各异 ——有的玉柱浑圆；有的栋梁擎
天；有的瀑布飞帘，晶莹剔透——大自然鬼斧神工，妙景

天成，令人难忘。
? (修辞性增译重复)

? 例7．钱先生周岁时“抓周”，抓了一本书，因而得名“钟书”。
? When was only one-year old, the baby was told by
his parents to choose one thing among many others, he picked
up a book of all things. Thereupon he was given by his parents
the name: zhong shu (book-lover).
? （文内阐释



? 例8．由于这个年龄阶段的孩子大多是在“421家庭”中长大
的，自理能力较差。
? Since most of the students at this age have grown up
in families containing four grandparents and two parents as
well as themselves, they are incapable of taking care of
themselves in daily life. （文内阐释）

? 例1．我进去看了，只记得门警是瑞士兵士，穿着黄色制服，
别的没有印象了。
? I went there to have a look. All I remember now is that
the guards at the entrance were Swiss soldiers in yellow
uniform.
? (语义性省译)

? 例2．She denied it, denied everything, bone and stone.
? 她矢口否认，死不认帐。(语义)
?
例3．The crowd was pushing hard. Those in the middle were
squeezed against each other so tightly that they could not move in
any direction.
? 人群越挤越厉害，夹在中间的人被挤得动弹不得。(语
义)


? 例4． These statements may seem so commonplace that they
may be held to be hardly worth making.
? 这些说法都是些不值一提的老生常谈。(语义省译)

? 例5． 她（黄河）奔腾不息，勇往直前，忽而惊涛裂岸，势

不可挡，使群山动容；忽而安如处子 ，风平浪静，波光潋
滟，气象万千。
? It tears and boils along turbulently through the
mountains and, at some place, flows on quietly with a sedate
appearance and glistening ripples.
? (修辞性省译)
? 例6．……在各方面形成一套更加成熟更加定型的制度。
? ?to build up an all-round economic system with a
complete set of mature and fixed practices.


? 例7．我们要积极推进经济体制改革和经济增长根本改变，
努力实现“十五”计划。
? We must promote the fundamental shift of economic
system and of the mode of economic growth to fulfill the
Tenth Five-Year Plan.

? 例8．多年以来江苏、浙江、江西部分市县存在的违规生产
经营一次性医疗器械现象，已经得到比较彻底 的根除。
? The illegal production of disposable medical
instruments in some cities and counties of Jiangsu, Zhejiang
and west Jiangxi have been eliminated

? 例1．We have winked at these irregularities too long.
? 对这种混乱无序的现象我们已纵容太久。
? 例2．What, under these uncertainties, was to be done?
? 在这种扑朔迷离的情况下，该怎么办呢？


? 例3．在世界经济增长明显减速的情况下，我们实现了经济
较快增长。
? Despite a noticeable slowdown in the world economy,
China's economy grew fairly rapidly.

? 例4．根据一般加工工业生产能力普遍过剩的现实状况，把
国债投资重点放在基础设施建设方面。
? In view of the over-productivity in the general
processing industries, investments from national bonds were
mainly put into infrastructure development
? 例5．农业、农村和农民问题是关系改革开放和现代化建设
全局的重大问题

? Agriculture, rural areas and farmers are of great
importance to the reform, opening up and modernization drive.


? 例1. Beggars can’t be choosers.
? 叫花子不可挑三拣四。(n-v)
?
? 例2. After two years with a bad woman a good man
becomes a bad man.
? 两年结坏女，好男也变坏 (p-v)

? 例3.她和我谈了八个小时，中间还吃了一顿饭，一直谈到
深夜。
? She talked with me for eight hours through dinner and
well into the middle night. (v--prep)

? 例3.她和我谈了八个小时，中间还吃了一顿饭，一直谈到
深夜。
? She talked with me for eight hours through dinner and
well into the middle night. (v--prep)

? 例4．With the unemployment high, the dollar low and the

stock market in distress, the economy will be the president’s
sternest trial.
? 由于失业率增高，美元贬值，股市下跌，经济问题将
是总统面临的最严峻考验。（prep & adj.----v）


? 例5．Passing through the gorge, across the stream and then up
the mountain, they looked down from the top into the distance,
an expense of flat land lying before them.
? 他们穿过峡谷，跨过溪流，登上山顶极目远眺，
山下是一马平川。 (prep.---v)
? 例7．客货轮沿湘江可穿洞庭，入长江，上达重庆，下抵上
海，交通极方便。
? It’s very convenient for passenger or cargo vessels to
sail from the Xiang River through the Dongting Lake along the
Yangtze River upwards to Chongqing City and downwards to
Shanghai City. (v-p)



例8．The vast expanse of the United States of America stretches
from the heavily industrialized metropolitan Atlantic seaboard(海

湾)across the rich flat farms of the central plains, over the Rocky
Mountains to the fertile west coast, then half way across the Pacific
to the balmy (气候温和的) 美利坚合众国地域辽阔，从高度工业化、大都市遍布的大西洋沿
岸延伸到中部平原肥沃平坦的农场， 越过洛矶山脉，到达富饶的
西海岸，然后横跨半个太平洋直抵气候温和由群岛组成的夏威夷
州。 （prep. — v.）


例9．该中心还将具备会展博览、文化体育、金融保险、服务、
研发等功能。
The center will also function as a base for exhibitions, fairs,
cultural and sports activities, financial, insurance and other services,
and research and development. (n --v )




例1．Studies serve for delight, for ornament, for ability.
读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。 (结
构重复)
例2．In terms of money we are quite rich, but not in terms of

happiness.
就金钱而言，我们相当富有；但就快乐而言，我们却并非如此


? 例3．May is open windows and lilac(丁香) perfume on the
breeze and bees humming at tulips(郁金香).
五月是敞开的窗户，是微风送来的丁香的芬芳，是郁金香丛中
蜜蜂嗡嗡的欢唱。 (结构重复)

例5．It is customary for adults to forget how hard and dull and long
school was.
成年人往往忘了当年上学的日子多艰苦，多乏味，多漫长。
比较：……忘了当年多么艰苦、乏味、漫长的上学日子。


? 例6. The charming of conversation is that it does not really
start from anywhere, and no one has any idea where it will go
as it meanders(曲流) or leaps(跳跃) and sparkles (闪烁)or just
glows(炽热).
? 交谈的魅力在于不能确定它始于何处，也无人料及会
通向何方。它时而缓流婉蜒 ，时而水急浪涌，时而火花闪
烁，时而炽热通明。

? 例7．The buffaloes rushed up the other side and out onto the
grasslands, thundering to a destination known only to them, a
torrent(洪流) of hooves and horns and meat cutting across the
landscape with a force beyond all imaginations.
? 野牛群冲向对岸，踏上草原，雷鸣般地朝着只有他
们才知道的目的地席卷而去，一股牛蹄的洪流，牛角的洪
流，牛肉的洪流，以不可想象的力量横 扫大地。

? 例8．But it does happen from time to time that an island
appears on the horizon, nameless to us and full of mystery, the
peak of a submarine mountain range, lonely, unblemished (未
遭亵渎的), remote.
? 遥远的地平线上，不时的有一座 小岛出现，无人
知其名，充满了神秘，那是海底山峦的顶峰，那么孤独，
那么圣洁，那么遥远。

? 例1．She ignored me when I told her that all we had done was
in vain.
? 我告诉她我们所做的一切都是徒劳，而她却不予理会。
? （主次差异）