情态动词完成时态的用法

“情态动词+have done”用法归纳

曲靖市第二中学 杨绍斌

情态动词+have done 用法
表示主观上对过去已经发生的
行为进行推测，意为“想必，准
是，一定做了某事”
例句
①She must have gone through a
lot.
②He must have visited the
White House during his stay
in the United States.
①You may have learnt the
news.
②He may not have heard his
name called.
③Sorry I’m late. I might
have turned off the alarm
clock and gone back to
sleep again.
must have done
may have done
might have done
① 表示对过去已发生行为的推
测，意为“也许或许已经（没
有）……”
② 一般用于肯定句或否定句
中，不用于疑问句
③ 用might则表示语气更加不
肯定
might have done
① 表示“本来可能……，但实①You should not swim in that
际上没有发生的事情”即，sea; you might have been
推测过去有可能发生但已确eaten by a shark.
知并为发生的事情may have ② He might have given him
done 没有此用法 more help, thought he was
② 另外，还可以表示“本来应busy.
该或可以做某事”之意，含
有轻微的责备语气；有时也
表劝告


① 只用在否定句和疑问句中
① 表示对过去发生的行为的
怀疑和不肯定
③ can换成could时语气委婉
① Where can she have gone?
② Could he have done such a
foolish thing?
③ The boy can’t have
finished reading the book
so soon because it is
difficult even to an
adult.
can…have done
cannot have done
could have done
① 可用在肯定句、否定句和疑① He could have killed
问句中 himself driving at a
② 表示“可能已经……” dangerous speed.
② 还可以表示过去能做而没 ②You could have been more
做的事，有一种对过去为付considerate.
诸实施的事情的惋惜 ③You could have done better,

but you were too careless.
① 用于肯定句时，表示本该做
某事，而实际上未做
② 用于否定句时，则表示不该
做的事反而做了
①He should have known that
the police would never
allow this sort of thing.
②You shouldn’t have done it
so carelessly.
③You ought to have returned
the book earlier.
④You ought not to have
refused his offer.
shouldought to have
done
needn’t have done
① 表示做了本来不必去做的事 ①You needn’t have watered
② 注意：didn’t need to dothe plants, for it is going
表示“没必要做而实际上也没to rain.
有做某事” ②I didn’t need to buy the
dictionary. I had a copy at
home.
用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的①You had better have started
口吻，意为“当时最好做了某earlier.
had better have done
事”，其否定式had better not ②You had better not have
have done表示相反的含义 scolded her.
表示“当时宁愿做了某事”，其①I would rather have taken
would rather have 否定式would rather not have his advice.
done done表示相反的含义，两者都②I would rather not have told
表示“后悔”之意 him the truth.
过去未曾实现的计划或愿望
was(were) to have
done sth
①The meeting was to have been
held at 10 yesterday
morning.
②He was to have attended the
conference, but he fell
ill.