高考语法Havehashad及完成时态讲解及练习

高考语法Havehashad及完成时态讲解及练习

A dog four legs. A bird two legs. Our school a library.
We 37 chairs in our classroom. My sister a nice toy car.
You two small eyes. My sister three pens. Come here and an apple.
My dog one eye only. Cats four legs. Dogs two ears.
Everybody _____ a dream. Everything _____ its time.
They each _____ a book. Each of them _____ a book.
Do you a bike ? Do they any salt ? Does he a bike ?
Does a rabbit four legs ? I don’t any rice . We don’t any salt .
He doesn’t have a pen . 4. She doesn’t have any envelopes
? 在肯定句中，主语是（I, we, they）时用have，主语是第三人称单数he, she, it 时用has
? 在疑问句和否定句中无论什么人称作主语，都用have。
? Something, everything等做主语时用has。Each of加名词做主语时用has。
? 复数主语开头加each，如they each仍旧用have.
? had 是has和have的过去式。
? 用法：
1、has have had也可以作为一般 动词，意为“拥有”“进行”“吃”“使得”“让”等。如果后接不定式，意为“不得不”。例
如：
a) He has a good pen. 他有一支好笔。
b) We have supper at 6:00. 我们六点钟吃晚饭。
c) I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理了发。（我让我的头发被剪了，昨天）
d) I have to leave now. 我得走了。“have to do sth必需做某事，不得不”
e) Can I have a toy? 我可以要一个玩具吗？
2、如何变疑问句？一般现在时时,借 助助动词dodoes.现在完成时时,则直接将havehas提到句首。例如：
He has big eyes. -- Does he have big eyes?
He has finished his homework. -- Has he finished his homework?
3、后接过去分词，构成现在和过去完成、完成进行时。例如：
a) He has gone to Beijing. 他已经到北京去了。
b) I have been a teacher since then. 从那时起我就一直当教师。
c) They had left when I got there. 我到那里的时候，他们已经走了。
d) He has been working hard since early morning. 丛一大早他就一直在下劲干活。

时态问题
（1）一般现在时（A表示当前的状态；B表示当前一段时间内经常反复发生的动作；C客观真理。）
（2）一般过去时（A表示过去某段时间的状态；B表示过去某段经常反复发生的动作）
（3）一般将来时（A将来某段时间内的状态；B表示将来某段时间内经常反复的动作）
（4）现在进行时（表示说话当前正在进行或者刚刚完成的动作）
（5）过去进行时（表示在过去的某段时间内正在进行的动作或者状态）
（6）过去将来时（以过去某点为基础，表示在其后将要发生的动作或者状态）
（7）将来进行时（表示将来的某个或段时间内正在进行的动作或状态）
（8）现在完成时（表示已经发生的动作对说话现在有影响或结果）
（9）过去完成时（表示已经发生的动作对过去的某个点有影响或结果）
（10）现在完成进行时（表示从过去的某个点起到现在一直在进行并对现在有影响和结果的动作）

A.现在完成时：have has done
（一）意义
1.表示经历或动作的结果，强调这个动作对现在造成的结果或产生的影响
I have turned off the radio, so you can sleep quietly.
He has recovered from his illness. He is playing football now.
例题：⑴ — Alvin, are you coming with us? — I’d love to, but something unexpected _______.
A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up
⑵—I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
—Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A. hadn't made B. wouldn't make C. don't make D. haven't made
注意：如果动作被说明在某个具体时间发生，则必须用一般过去时
I saw the film yesterday.

例题：⑴ Judy is going to marry the sailor she _____in Rome last year.
A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet
⑵ The year 2010_____remarkable changes in Shanghai’s landscape.
A. sees B. has seen C. saw D. had seen
2.和for, since, how long连用表示持续到现在的动作或状态。在肯定句中，使用的动词为延续性动词。
He has come here for three days.
been
His father has died for 20 years.
been dead
They have married for two years.
been married
He has left home for three months.
been away from
例题：⑴—How are you today ?
—Oh, I ______ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
⑵ —How long ________ at this job?
—Since 1990.
A. were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
注意：并非所for 和how long引导的句子都得用完成时，如果动作已经结束就用一般过去时
Glad to see you back. How long did you stay in the wonderland of Yunnan?
例题：⑴ Mr Robert, who is said to have returned to London with his family, _____at Beijing University for eight
years.
A. has been teaching B. was teaching C. taught D. have taught
⑵ —Where have you been recently?
—I ______in Beijing on business for a week last month.
A. have been B. had been C. had gone D. was
⑶ I____ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived
3.注意区分几个短语：
have been to 去过某地
have gone to 已经去了某地
have been in 在...地方
4.常见的时间状语：before , already, yet, recently, lately, till now, up to now, so far, ever, once, since, since then, for,
inforduring the past last few years
例题：Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved

（二）固定句型
is +时间段+since+从句（过去时）自从某人做某事多久了
was (过去完成时）
It is five years since I came to work.
改错：It is already 10 years since he becomes a lawyer.
is the first(second, third...)time that从句（现在完成时）
was (过去完成时）
It is the third time that the boy has been late for school.
例题：This is the first time we ____ a film in the cinema together as a family.
A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen
3.主语+be+最高级所修饰的先行词+that+定语从句（最好用现在完成时）
Gangnam Style is the funniest song that I have ever heard.
Twilight is the best vampire movie that I have ever seen.
例题：It is the most instructive lecture that I ________since I came to this school.
A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended

B.过去完成时：had done
1.常常用来表示发生 在过去的两个事件中先发生的那个动作，它是一个相对的时态，不能离开某一过去时间而孤
立存在
He told me that he had already seen the film.
When they got to the field, the football match had already started.
例题：⑴ The hotel wasn't particularly good, but I ______in many worse hotels.
A. was staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayed

⑵The moment I got home, I found I ______my jacket on the playground.
A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving
⑶We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _____each other for years.
A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know
⑷I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers ______before my eyes.
A. swim B. swum C. swam D. had swum
2.和by, before等词连用
By the end of last month, we had learned 2000 words.
He hadn’t learned any Chinese before he came to China.
例题：By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ______from college.
A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated
3.固定句型
①前三句型同现在完成时(见前文）
②hardlyscarcely...when ｝
no sooner...than ｝一...就...
We had hardly got into the room when it began to snow.
We had no sooner sat down than the bell rang.
例题：⑴ He had no sooner finished his speech _____ the students started cheering.
A. since B. as C. when D. than
⑵Hardly had I caught sight of her ____ I recognized her _____ I hadn’t seen her for ages.
A. then; as B. when; since C. before; because D. when; though

C.将来完成时：will have done
表示在将来某个时刻前已经完成的动作，常与by，before或其它时间状语连用
I will have learnt 2000 words by the end of this term.
I hope we will have got everything ready before you come tomorrow.
例题：—Could you meet me at the airport ?
—I'd like to, but I _______Beijing when you return.
A. will have left B. was leaving C. will leave D. have left

D.现在完成进行时have + been +现在分词
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。
E. have+been +过去分词，构成现在完成时被动语态
English has been taught in China for many years.中国教英语已经多年。


【高考真题】
1.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,31)The church tower which ______ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored
2.(2010高考英语上海秋季卷,28) Every few years, the coal workers ______ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had
3.(2010高考英语重庆卷,31)-----Why do you want to work for our company?
-----This is the job that I ______for.
A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking
4.(2010高考英语重庆卷,29)The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______now.
A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained
5.(2010高考英语重庆卷,24)The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ______on the market in 1973.
A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes
6.(2010高考英语浙江卷,15)For many years, people ______ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than
predicted.
A．had dreamed of B．have dreamed of C．dreamed of D．dream of
7.(2010高考英语浙江卷,5)If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you ______ fresh watermelon in the fall.
A．eat B．would eat C．have eaten D．will be eating
8.(2010高考英语天津卷,10)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting______ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World
Expo.
A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited
9.(2010高考英语天津卷,4)We ______on this project for four hours. Le t’s have a rest.
A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked

10.(2010高考英语四川卷,18)You’ve failed to do what you ______ to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you．
A．will expect B．will be expected C．expected D．were expected
11.(2010高考英语四川卷,16)一When shall we restart our business?
一Not until we our plan．
A．will finish B．are finishing C．are to finish D．have finished
12.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,30)The employees ______ that they should renew their contracts within a week.
A．advise B．have advised C．are advised D．had been advised
13.(2010高考英语上海春季卷,29)We ______on our project day a nd night in the past two weeks.
A．had worked B．have worked C．will be working D．has been advised
14.(2010高考英语陕西卷,24)It is reported that many a new house ______ at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built
15.(2010高考英语陕西卷,21)I have to see the doctor because I ______ a lot lately.
A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough
16.(2010高考英语山东卷,30)Up to now, the program ______ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved
17.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,30)I ______ all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
A．will do B．do C．am doing D．had done
18.(2010高考英语辽宁卷,24)Joseph ______to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in
Russian.
A．has been going B．went C．goes D．has gone
19.(2010高考英语江西卷,30)Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she______ since her marriage to Father.
A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering
20.(2010高考英语江苏卷,33)---Is everyone here?
---Not yet……Look , there______ the rest of our guests!
A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
21.(2010高考英语江苏卷,30)--Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
----We_______ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be
22.(2010高考英语江苏卷,23)—why, Jack, you look so tired!
---Well, I ______the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting
23.(2010高考英语湖南卷,34)I'm tired out.. I ______ all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.
A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping
24.(2010高考英语湖南卷,33)Liste ning to loud music at rock concerts ______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
25.(2010高考英语湖南卷,31)I walked slowly through the market, where people ______ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the
prices carefully and bought what I needed.
A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold
26.(2010高考英语湖南卷,27)I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone______ it. Was it you?
A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do
27.(2010高考英语湖南卷,24)This coastal area ______ a national wildlife reserve last year.
A. was named B. named C. is named D. names
28.(2010高考英语福建卷,31)——Guess what ,we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
——How nice! You ______ a different culture then.
A. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced
29.(2010高考英语福建卷,28)Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ______ before leaving
their hometowns.
A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised
30.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,32)The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.
A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made
31.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,28)When you are home, give a call to let me know you______ safely.
A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive
32.(2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,21)— Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
— N0, I ______ my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do
33.(2010高考英语大纲全国II卷,19)Excuse me. I ______ I was blocking your way.
A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing

34.(2010高考英语大纲全国II卷,15)Linda ，make sure the tables ______ before the guests arrive.
A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting
35.(2010高考英语北京卷,28)It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ______ for me.
A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing
36.(2010高考英语北京卷,26)--I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
--Sorry, I ______ myself clear. We want to return on Octobe r 20.
A. hadn't made B. wouldn't make C. don't make D. haven't made
37.(2010高考英语北京卷,24)--I'm not finished with my din ner yet.
--But our friends ______ for us.
A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting
38.(2010高考英语北京卷,22)In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the
A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped
39..(2010高考英语安徽卷,34)一We’ve spent too much money recently．
一Well，it isn’t surprising．Our friends and relatives______ around all the time.
A．are coming B．had come C．were coming D．have been coming
解析
1.【答案】D【解析】本题考查被动语态。 Restore意思为修复，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中，答案选D.
2. 【答案】B【解析】本题考查时态。根据时间状语every few years,可判断本句应为一般现在时，因此答案选B。
3. 【答案】D【解析】考查时态。由句 意：这就是我一直寻找的工作可知用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某个时刻发生的动作
一直持续到现在， 并且有可能持续下去。
4. 【答案】A【解析 】考查时态。remain在这儿意思是“剩下，余 留”，为不及物动词，整句话是对现在事实的陈述，所以用
一般现在时。选 A项。
5.【答 案】C【解析】考查时态。since引导的从句作状语时，主句通常用完成时，而从句用一般过去时，所以选C 项。
6. 【答案】B【解析】考查动词的时态。从For many years可知，此处谓语动 词用完成时态；排除C项和D项；又因后一句用
的是现在时态，故排除A项。据此答案应该选B项“现在 完成时态”。
7. 【答案】D【解析】本题考查条件句的时态。根据句意：如果你在春天种下西瓜种 子，你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜。可以判
断这是真实的条件从句，会发生的事情，所以选择will be eating表将来。
8. 【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态与语态。句意为：“像剪纸这样 的天津传统民间艺术正在2010年上海世博会文化展上进
行展览。”根据句意可知是现在进行时含义， 剧中主语时traditional folk arts，是复数形式，谓语动词采用复数形式，主语又表
示“物”，具有被动含义，所以选择C。
9. 【答案】 B【解析】考察动词时态。句意为：“我们四个小时一直做这个项目。让我们休息一下吧”，句中出现for four
hours这个时间状语，可以判断出使用现在完成时，根据句意又可知动作在持续进行当中 ，所以用现在完成进行时，故选B。
10. 【答案】D【解析】考查动词时态。句中you与expect存在被动关系，首先排除C。又有have failed提示应是过去你被期
盼做的事，故应为过去时，正确答案为D。
11. 【答案 】D【解析】考查时态。在状语从句中，经常用一般现在时表将来时，用现在完成时表将来完成时，此处为unt il引
导的时间状语从句。故用现在完成时，选D。意为：“直到我们完成我们的计划，我们才重新开始 我们的生意。”
12. 【答案】C【解析】考查动词的语态。语意：(公司)建议员工在一周内续签合同。根据语意，The employees与advise为动
宾关系，所以应该用被动结构，故选C项。
13. 【答案】B【解析】动词的时态。根据句中时间状语in the past two weeks可以推断出应该用现在完成时，表示动作的持
续，故选B项。
14. 【答案】D【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。从时间状语at present可判断出用现在时，“many a+单数可数名词”虽然表示
复数意思，但要用单数谓语。
15. 【答案】A【解析】考查 时态。句意：我得去看医生，因为我最近一直咳嗽得很厉害。late1y表示“最近”，与现在完成时
或现在完成进行时连用，因此答案选A，此处表示在说话之前一直持续的动作。
16. 【答案】 D 【解析】考查动词时态的用法。句意应为“截止到现在，这个项目已经挽救了成千上万的本来会死去的孩子的生命。”up to now是现在完成时态的标志，所以空格处使用现在完成时态。
17. 【答案】 B【解析】B考查动词的时态。根据语意可知：通常由我来为家人做饭，但是因为最近很忙，所以我没 有时间
做。第一句是陈述的事实，因此应该用一般现在时。
18. 【答案】A【解析】考查 动词的时态。语意：从上个月开始，Joseph一直在上夜校学俄语，但是他仍没有学会用俄语说
“你 叫什么名字?”。根据语意，表示自从过去到现在一直发生的事情且有可能持续下去，应用现在完成进行时，故选 A项。
19. 【解析】考查时态。句意：母亲想成为一名好的供养人——一个自她嫁给父亲以来一直 在担任的角色。因为有since而且
是动作的延续，所以用现在完成进行时，即she has been shouldering作定语，修饰a role．
20. 【答案】A【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处所在句子为倒装句，the rest of our g uests作主语，谓语动词要用复数
形式；此处叙述的又是现在的事实，所以用一般现在时。come 用于进行时通常用来表示按照计划或安排将要发生的动作，因

此D项不恰当。
21. 【答案】C【解析】考查动词的时态。结合问句中的时态以及答语后 半句中的时态可知答语前半句表示的是过去的过去，所
以用过去完成时。
22. 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词的时态。答话人叙述的是现在的事实，再结合答语中的时间状语可知答话人从过去到现在一直在粉刷房子，而且还要持续下去，所以用现在完成进行时。
23. 【答案】D【解析】考查动 词时态。句意为：“我现在很累。我整个下午一直在购物，我好像什么事都没做成似的。”由
语境可判断 选D项。
24. 【答案】 C【解析】考察主谓一致和时态。根据动名词短语作主语，句中的谓语动 词用单数形式，由此排除BD，根据主语
与caused的主动关系，排除A，选C。
25. 【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。根据“I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed”的提示可判断此处表示
“人们当时正在出售各种 水果和蔬菜”，即表示过去某时正在发生的动作，故选B项。
26. 【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。该空动作发生在was just going to cut之前，即表示 过去的过去，故用过去完成时态。句
意为：“我正要剪切我的蔷薇丛但（发现）有人已经将它剪切了。是 你干的吗？”
27. 【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态和语态。根据主语“This coastal area”与name之间的被动关系排除B、D两项。根据句
中的last year判断用一般过去时，故选A项。
28. 【答案】 A【解析】考查时态。由第一句可知：我 们已经得到了暑假去英国旅行的短期签证，再由第二句中then可知：这
是对去英国旅行的美好祝愿。 因此时态应为将来进行时。故选A项。B项为现在完成时，C项伟现在完成进行时，D项伟将来
完成时， 均不符合句意。
29. 【答案】 D【解析】考察时态。由句中arrive及before leaving their hometowns.可知，此空应为现在完成时，选C，其他三
项不符合时态要求。
30. 【答案】C【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：(他们)在澳大利亚发现了金子，这使成千上万的人相信 他们就要发
财了。主句的谓语动词为一般过去时，因此believe后的宾语从句中谓语动词用过去将 来时表示过去即将发生的动作，短语
make a'fortune意为“赚大钱”，结合语意，此处应用被动语态，因此答案为C
31. 【答案】 B【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。句意：当你到家时，给我打个电话，好让我知道你平安抵达。由When you are
home可知宾语从句中应用现在完成时表示已经发生的动作，因此答案为B。
32.【答案】 A【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据时间状语all day yesterday 可知“昨天我一整天都在写作业”。表示在过去
某个时间段正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，因此答案 为A。
33. 【答案】 A【解析】考察时态。句意为：“抱歉，我刚才没有意识到我挡了您的道了 。”这里要用一般过去时，说明说话
者在刚才没有意识到自己挡了别人的路，现在已经意识到了，所以要 用一般过去时说过去的事实，但是不能用一般现在时。
34. 【答案】 C【解析】考查时态和语态。在make sure后的宾语从句中，谓语动词通常用一般现在时，且the tables与set之
间是动宾关系。故选C。
35. 【答案】 【解析】考察时态。句 意为：“过了很久我才完全理解他们为我所做的事情。”此句主句时态为一般过去时，而
“他们为我所做 的”是发生在我理解之前，故表示过去的过去所发生的事情，即此处需要用过去完成时，选A
36. 【答案】 D【解析】考察时态。句意为：“——对不清，我没听清楚，你是说你在9月20日回来吗？”“—不 好意思，我
没有表达清楚，我们想在10月20日回来。”由句意可知此处需要现在完成时，即表示过去 发生的动作对现在造成的影响，
即D项正确。
37. 【答案】 D【解析】考察时态。句意 为：“——我爱没有吃晚饭呢。——但是朋友正在等我们呢。”由语境可知此处表示
正在发生的动作，雇 佣现在进行时，即D项符合题意。
38. 【答案】 A【解析】考察动词时态及语态。句意为：“在 美国一些地区的口语中，单词结尾这个音节不被发音了。”由
句意可知“sounds”和“drop” 之间的被动关系，故需用被动语态，排除BD，C项为现在进行时的被动语态，表示“正在
被……”，不 符合语境，故选A。
39. 【答案】B【解析】考查时态。从对话可知他们谈论现在的事情，现在完 成进行时表示一个动作从过去一直延续到现在。
句意为：“我们最近花了太多的钱”“不奇怪啊，我们的 亲戚朋友一直不断的来”。