现在完成时态讲解及练习

现在完成时态讲解及练习
一、现在完成时的构成
肯定句：主语+have has + done (过去分词)+其它
He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years.
一般疑问句：Have Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它
Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?
否定句: 主语+have has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它
He has not finished his homework.
过去分词的构成方法如下 :
1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 –ed.
work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted
2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 –d.
Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided
3.字尾是辅音+y的动词。则将y改i加ed.
study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied
4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 –ed.
stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop--- dropped
不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表
一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致）
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
花费
割
伤害
让
放
朗读
设置
关上门窗
让
cost
cut
hurt
let
put
read
set
shut
let
cost
cut
hurt
let
put
read
set
hit
shut
let
cost
cut
hurt
let
put
read
set
hit
shut
let
7.
8.
9.
10.
建筑
借出
花费
派遣
learn
mean
burn
dream
deal
hear
保持
睡觉
扫
build
lend
spend
send
built
lent
spent
sent
built
lent
spent
sent
learnted
meant
burnted
dealt
heard
kept
slept
swept
kept
slept
swept
4) 过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加t或d
11.
学会
12.
意思
13.
燃烧
13.
做梦
13.
处理
14.
听
15.
16.
17.
learnted
meant
burnted
dealt
heard
keep
sleep
sweep
打击，碰撞
hit
dreamted dreamted

二、ABB（过去式和过去分词一致）
5） 过去式、过去分词改为-ept
1) 过去式、过去分词含有-ought
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
带来
买
打架
想
寻找、
探究
抓住
教
bring
buy
fight
think
seek
brought brought
bought
fought
sought
bought
fought
sought
6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt

18.
19.
20.
感觉
嗅
拼写
孵蛋
说
feel
smell
spell
lay
say
felt
spelted
laid
said
fel
spelted
laid
said
smelted smelted
thought thought
2) 过去式、过去分词含有-aught
5.
6.
catch
teach
caught
taught
caught
taught
7) 过去式、过去分词改为-aid
20.
21.
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3) 过去式、过去分词-t替换原形-d

22.
23.
24.
25
站
支付
卖
告诉
stand
pay
sell
tell
paid
sold
told
stood
understood
paid
sold
told
stood
understood

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
击败
破坏
驾驶
吃
落下
给
生长
知道
吹
扔
展示
弄错
拿
摇动
说
选择
beat
break
drive
eat
fall
give
grow
know
blow
throw
show
take
shake
speak
choose
beat
broke
drove
ate
fell
gave
grew
knew
blew
threw
beaten
broken
driven
eaten
fallen
given
grown
known
blown
thrown
8) 过去式、过去分词改为-old
9) 过去式、过去分词改为-ood
26.
明
白
understand

10) 其它变化
27.得到
28.坐
29.照顾
30.离开
31.失去
32.找到
33.有
34.握住，
召开
35.制造
36.悬挂
37.照耀
39.赢
40逃跑
41喂
42.引导，
导致
43遇见
1.
2.
3.
get
sit
babysit
leave
lose
find
have(has)
hold
make
hang
shine
win
flee
feed
lead
meet
变成
来
跑
got
sat
babysat
left
lost
found
had
held
made
hung
shone
won
fled
fed
led
met
got(gotten)
sat
babysat
left
lost
found
had
held
made
hung
shone
won
fled
fed
led
met
showed shown
took
shook
spoke
chose
taken
shaken
spoken
chosen
mistake mistook mistaken

2)三种形式都有变化
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
是
开始
做
喝
飞
忘记
躺
骑
唱
穿
游泳
写
去
be(is,
are)
begin
do
drink
fly
forget
lie
ride
sing
wear
swim
write
go
am; was;
were
began
did
drank
flew
forgot
lay
rode
rang
sang
wore
swan
wrote
went
been
begun
Done
drunk
flown
forgotforgotten
lain
ridden
rung
sung
worn
swum
written
gone
三、ABA （过去式与原形一致）
became become become
come
run
came
ran
come
run
打电话
ring
四、ABC （原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样）
1). 过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n或-en

二、现在完成时标志词：
recently; recent years; these days years; lately; since; for+时间段； in the past few years; ever since; in
the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just
already (已经): 用于肯定句
I have already posted the letter .
yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句
He hasn’t done his homework yet.
just(刚刚)
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They have just left.
ever(曾经)
Have you ever been to Beijing ?
never(从不)
I have never seen him .
before(以前)
Have you seen the film before?
since(自从…以来)
I’ve worked in the school since 1999.
for(长达)
He’s lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.
in the past several days weeks years(在过去的…)
recently(最近)
I have not written to my parents recently.
so far(到目前为止)
So far she has learned 5 English songs.
up to now(到目前为止)
this morningmonthyear(今天早上这个月今年)

三、现在完成时的用法
1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。常与already(已经), yet(已经),
just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.
Already， yet的用法
already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾.
Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)
I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)
I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)
I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)
3)现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间短语或
从句连用.
since , for 的用法:
since: (自…以来)
1)since+时间点
He has stayed here since 5 o’clock.
2)since+ 时间段+ ago
He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.
3)since+ 从句
for: (长达）
for+ 时间段
He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
She has learned English for 5 years.
He has lived in Beijing since he was born .
Have you stayed here since 3 o’clock?
四、havehas been to; havehas gone to; havehas been in
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have has been to 曾经去过某地，人已经回来了
have has gone to 去了某地，人还没回来
have has been in 去了某地并一直待在那
1. 我去过上海。 I have been to Shanghai twice.
2.--- Where is Jim？ --He has gone to England．（尚未回来）
3. I have been in Shanghai for three years．我到上海已有三年了。

1、现在完成时的 完成用法
现在完成时的 完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产
生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关 系。
例如： He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。
( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 -- 灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时 完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间
状语 ( 如： already ， yet ， before ， recently 等 ) 、频度时间状语 ( 如： never ， ever ，
once 等 ) 、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语 ( 如： this morning month year... ， today 等 )
连用。
例如： Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
2、现在完成时的 未完成用法
现在完成时的 未完成用法 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能
还要继续下去。
例如：
1. He has lived here since 1978he moved here. 自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。
( 动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
2. I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
( 动作开始于 5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语 ( 由 since 或 for 引导 ) ，或表示与现在
时刻相连的时间状语 ( 如： up to now ， so far 到目前为止 ) 等。
例如： I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
3. 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用，瞬间动词转换成延续性动词：把动作换成状态
动作 状态 动作 状态
die begin
be dead be on
borrowbuy endfinish
kepthad be over
leave join
be away be in
arrive marry
be here be married
例如：
1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.
参军3年了.Nick has been in the army for 3 years
3.他离开深圳好长时间了。He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.
4.这本书我已借了4个月了I have hadkept the book for 4 months.

五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
(1) 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是助动词 have has +
过去分词 。
如： The film started at 7 o'clock. He has been a teacher for many years.

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(2) 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week, two years ago, just
now, in 2002 等 ； 而现在完成时则常与 just, already, ever, never 等副词和 these days, this
week, since..., for...since...ago up to nowso far 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
(3 ) 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对 现在 产生的影响。
如：He visited Guilin in 1998. 他 1998 年参观过桂林。 ( 只说明去桂林的时间 )
(4)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。不与确定的过去时间
状语连用 。
如：Jill has bought a new computer. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。 ( 着重点是现在有了一台新电脑 )
看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？
(A) Have you seen the film? (B)Did you see the film?
[说明] 你看过这部电影吗？
(A) 句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；
(B) 句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
(A) He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. (B) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.
[说明] 他在北京住了 8 年。
(A) 句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。
(B) 句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年，现在不在北京了。

练 习
一、抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。
1. be_______________- _________________
2. come_______________- _________________
3. go_______________- _________________
4. do_______________- _________________
5. have_______________- _________________
6. drink_______________- _________________
7. give_______________- _________________
8. eat_______________- _________________
9. know_______________- _________________
10. run_______________- _________________
11. say_______________- _________________
12. see_______________- _________________
13. find_______________- _________________
14. draw_______________- _________________
15. get_______________- _________________
16. hear_______________- _________________
17. begin_______________- _________________
18. buy_______________- _________________
19. leave_______________- _________________
20 become _______________- _________________
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21 break _______________-_________________
22 bring _______________-_________________
23 build _______________-_________________
24 bite _______________-_________________
25 catch _______________-_________________
26 choose _______________-_________________
27 cut _______________-_________________
28 fall _______________-_________________
29 fly _______________-_________________
30 forget ________________-_________________
31 grow _______________-_________________
32 hit _______________-_________________
33 hurt _______________-_________________
34 keep _______________-_________________
35 lend _______________-_________________
36 lose ________________-_________________
37 meet _______________-_________________
38 put _______________-_________________
39 read _______________-_________________
40 ring _______________-_________________

二、用for 或since填空
1. Mr. Brown has had his TV ________ 15 years.
2. I’ve taken driving lessons _________ last month.
3. My sister has had her cell phone ________ a month .
4. My friends haven’t visited me ___________ my birthday.
5. We haven’t used our car ________ a long time .
6. She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _________ years.
7. Tom has worn glasses _________ he was 7 years old.
8. Jill has been in Ireland _________ Monday.
9. Mr. Jason has been in Paris _______ three days.
10. My aunt has lived in Australia_______15days.
11. Margaret is in her office. She has been there _______7 o’clock.
12. India has been an independent country ______ 1974.
13. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty______ many years.
14. Mike has been ill ________ a long time. He has been in hospital ______October.
三、改写句子，使原句的意思不变，每空一词。
1. The English professor arrived here about a week ago
The English professor __________ ____________ here for about a week .
2. Her husband started to work on the farm three hours ago .
Her husband _____________ _____________ on the farm for three hours .
3. The French musician came to China last month , and he is still here .
The French musician _____________ ____________ ____________ China for a month .
4. He joined the army in 1985 .
He ___________ ___________ __________ the army __________ 1985 .
5. He joined the League half a year ago .
He has been a League ____________ ____________ half a year .
6. The bus left five minutes ago .
The bus ___________ already __________ ___________ for five minutes .
7. The girl bought a new school bag in September .
The girl ___________ __________ the school bag since September .
8. The shop closed last winter .
The shop __________ ____________ _____________ since last winter .
9. The film began ten minutes ago .
The film ___________ __________ ___________ for ten minutes .
10. The dog died two days ago .
The dog ___________ ____________ _____________ for two days .
11. The meeting ended last ____________month .
The meeting ___________ __________ ______________ for a month .
四、用havehas been to, havehas gone to填空：
1.
—Where is your brother? —He ____________ the shop. He’ll be back soon.
2. — __________ you ever _________ to America? —Yes, I ___________ New York twice.
3. —Here you are at last! Where _________ you _________? —I _____________ London.
4. —David _______________ Australia. —I’m sure he’s already arrived.
5. —Is Benny here? —No, he ______________ the school library. He left five minutes ago.
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五、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I _____________ (wait) for him for two hours . I am very angry.
2. He _________ (be) a doctor since he was twenty.
3. The film __________ (be) on for fifteen minutes.
4. ________ you ever ________ (read) that book before?
5. ________ you ever ________ (try) to change her?
6. No one _____________ (arrive) here yet.
7. ___________ the bus ____________ (leave) yet?
8. I _______________ (not talk) to him yet.
9. I ___________ already ___________ (make) the bed.
10. They __________ just ____________ (go). They will be back soon.
11. When ___________ you ____________ (meet) him ? Last night or this morning?
12. She ______________ (not come) here recently .
13. She ___________ (never see) the man before .
14. I ____________ (meet) him before, but I forget his name.
15. It is eleven o’clock. He ______________ (not come) back yet.
16. He _______________ (write) five stories so far .
17. She ______________ (be) a teacher for ten years , she likes her job very much.
18. ____________she _____________(call) on you lately ?
选择题
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
A. already B. never C. ever D. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed well B. changed good
C. has changed better D. changed better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was studying B. will study C. has studied D. are studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see
9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A. Did do finished B. Have done finished
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C. Have ; done have finished D. will do finish
11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
12、—Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
13、—How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months .
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
A. is B. has C. will D. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been
17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
21.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.
A. Did…copy…did B. Have…copied…have
C. Have…copied…did D. Did …copy…had
22. You ____ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you since five.
A. kept…waited B. have kept…waited
C. kept…have waited D. have kept…have waited
23. _____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.
A. Have…gone to B. Have…gone in C. Have…been to D. Have …been in
24. My brother ____college for over three years.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has been at
25. -I have seen the film “Titanic” already.
-When __________ you __________ it？
-The day before yesterday.
A. have； seen B. will； see C. did； see D. did； seen
26. Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.
A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live

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