现在完成时态的用法及与一般过去时态的区别

现在完成时态的用法及与一般过去时态的区别
Step1知识讲解
一．现在完成时的构成：助动词have（has）+ 过去分词，
表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如：
I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。
（“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”）
A) 现在完成时常用的时间状语有：
already （”已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）
never (“从不” 用于中间处)
ever （”曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）
just (“刚刚” 用于中间处)
yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 “还” 用于否定句的末尾处)
B) 或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.
二. 现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响；
一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较：
The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿）
The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。（强调动作发生的时间在过去）
I have taught here for fifteen years.我在这儿已教了十五年（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能会继续。）
I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。（表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教了）
练习：
I．翻译下列句子：
1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？ Have you ever eaten fish and chips?
2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。 I have just lost my chemistry book.
3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。 I have never been to that farm before.
4. 他已经吃过午饭了。 He has had lunch.
5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？ Have you seen this film yet?
6. 我哥哥还没回来。 My brother hasn't been back yet.
7. 我上星期看过这部电影。 I saw this film last week.
8. 在1992年他住在这里。 He was here in 1992.
II． 用过去时或现在完成时填空：
1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”
“When ________ you __________ (have) it?” “I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”
2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”
“Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.”
3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”
4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”
5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.
6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.
7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.
8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.
9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum.
10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?
11. “____________ you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I __________ .”
“Where __________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ I ___________ (buy) it in a bookstore.”
“When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”
三. Since 和 for 的用法
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表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。
Since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间（数词+量词），此划线部分用how long提问。
1)、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 如：
Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。
He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。
2)、for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。 如：
We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。
I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。
练习：用since和for填空
1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month 4) ______ 1999
5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock 7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago
9) ______ we were children 10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
四 .短暂性转换延续性
① arrive atin sw. get toreach sw. comegomove to sw.→ be in schoolat homeon the farmbe herebe there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.→He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year. →I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.→I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.→They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
② comego back, return → be back comego out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.→He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.→We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③ become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000.→I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2) The river became dirty last year.→The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④ close → be closed open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.→The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.→The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤ get up → be up die → be dead leave sw. → be away from sw. fall asleepget to sleep → be asleep
finishend → be over marry → be married
1) I got up two hours ago.→I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now.→He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.→My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.→The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago.→I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
6) They married in 1990.→They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥startbegin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.→I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago.→The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
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⑦ borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have
get to know → know
put on → wear
catchget a cold → have a cold
1) They borrowed it last week.→They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.→I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3) I got to know him last year.→I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago.→I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧ havehas gone to → have been in
1) He has gone to Beijing.→He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨ join the leaguethe Partythe army → be a leaguea Party membera soldier
→ be a member of the leaguethe Party → be in the leaguethe Partythe army
1) He joined the league in 2002.→
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.
He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.→
My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.
My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
五. have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
(一)、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等。
例如：Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
此外还有这些搭配： have been here (there) at home (school) on the farm have been here (there) abroad
(二)、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”，现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等连用，
例如： I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗？
have(has) been to 后面可接次数，表示去过某地几次。例如：
I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
(三)、have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”，表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之，说话时该人不在现场，
一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
例如：----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里？他到书店去了。
Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。
I. 用havehas been toin, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
2) David ____________ the park just now.
3) John _________ England since he came back.
4) How long ________ you _________ this village?
5) The Smiths ___________ Beijing for years.
6) _______ you ever ________ America? -- Yes, I _______ there many times.
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7) I __________ this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim? He _________ the farm.
9) When________ he _________? He _______ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to ________ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I ________ there before.
11) He often ________ swimming.
12) _______ you _________ there last year?
13) ________ they often _________ skating in winter?
课堂练习：综合练习:
I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
II. 翻译下列句子：
1. 他们已经打扫了教室吗？ _______________________________________
2. 我们 已经认识有二十年了。_______________________________________
3. 打那以后，她一直住在这。______________________________ _________
4. “你曾经到过那里吗？”_______________________________________
“不，我从来没到过那里。”______________________________ _________
III. 用适当的时态填空：
’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
of them ________________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ____________ you ______________ (see) it here and there?
6. _____________ you ____________ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________ just _____________ (have) some orange.
8. We _____________already ______________ (return) the book.
9. ___________ they ____________ (build) a new school in the village?
10. I ________________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.
12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.
III．句型转换：
1. He has already gone home. → He _________ __________ home ____________. (否定句)
____________ he __________ home ___________? (疑问句)
2. He has lunch at home. → He __________ _____________ lunch at home. (否定句)
____________ he __________ lunch at home? (疑问句)
3. He has been there twice.→ __________ __________ ________ __________ he been there? (划线提问)
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