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现在完成时态用法全面总结(个人原创 绝对好用)

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-30 07:33
tags:完成时态

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2020年10月30日发(作者:冀春光)


现在完成时用法小结
一、 现在完成时的构成:
助动词have(has)+ 过去分词
否定式have(has) not+ 过去分词
疑问式:havehas not+主语+过去分词;havehas +主+not+过去分词
二、 现在完成时态的用法
1、表示开始于过去的动作一直持续到现在,而且还可能继续持续 下去。这时,谓语动词一般
为延续性动词。
例如:I have been a teacher for 5 yearssince 5 years ago.(五年前是个时间点。一
直持续到现在的的状态,一直在做老师,以后还是老师。)
They have lived here for 7 years.(第一层含义,到说话这一刻,一直住 在这里,
这是一个持续状态。第二层含义,如果他们正在搬家时候说这句话,则说明live这一事实< br>不再持续,到此为止,他们可能要搬去别处住。)
? 这一用法的特点:谓语动词为延续性动词 ;动作发生在过去,持续到现在,并有可能继
续下去;和“一段时间”的状语连用。
? since+时间段:I have worked in this place since 1990.
I have lived in Xi’an since I left schoolsince 5 years ago
? for+ 时间点: I have worked in this place for 20 years.
I have lived in Xi’an for 5 years ago.
“到目前为止…”:until now, ,up to tilluntil now,so far
Until now,I have been a monitor for 3 years.(放在句末亦可)
Our country has until now, ,up to tilluntil now,so far
Won 20 golden medals.
? “在最近几个世纪、年、月以来……”in over during the past few years,for the last
few century,through centuries,throughout the past decades.
For the last few decades, great changes have taken place in Beijing.
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2.表示过去某时发生或完成的某一动作,谓 语动词是短暂性动词(对现在造成的影响或结果)。
(这一用法对中国学生来说是比较难理解的一种, 因为它使用的是短暂性动词和一般过去时
态有着比较容易混淆的关系。)
例如:
(1)I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。
(“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”)
(2)He has broken his leg.他的腿跌断了。(言外之意:现在也许在医院,可能不能参加郊
游或者集体活动什么的了)
He broke his leg.他过去摔伤过腿。(单纯表示跌断过腿。一种过去的经历,现在腿是好的。)
? 注意,现在完成时态不能与明确指出时间的状语连用,比如yesterday,last year,3 days
ago.但是可以与不明确表示时间的状语连用。与现在完成时连用的时间状语有:
already (”已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处)He has already arrived.
often(常常,经常)I have often thought that I were a bird.
never (“从不” “从未发生过”用于中间处)I have never seen such a good movie.
ever (”曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处)She has ever done this.
just (“刚刚” 用于中间处)
--Would you like something to eat?
--No,thanks.I have just had dinner.
yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的句末 “还” 用于否定句的句末)
Has he arrived yet?No,he hasn’t.
I have not returned the book yet..
由于这一用法中的谓语动词通常是短暂动词(即动 作在短时间或者瞬间终止不再延续),
所以不能和“sincefor+一段时间”连用. 这些短暂性动词有:come go leave kill die lose buy
give marry join bring heard
错例:Mary has bought a new backpack since yesterday.(从昨天起一直在买书包?)X
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I have bought this backpack for a day.(买书包不可能买了一天,难道一直在讨价
还价,废寝忘食的讨价还价么?)X
正例:Mary has bought a new backpack.(现在用的是新书包)
Mary bought a new backpack yesterday.(昨天 买的新书包,买这一动作于昨天发生
并结束,没有强调是否现在用着新书包这一感情色彩,只陈述了昨天 买书包这一事实)。
错例:I have left my home for 3days.(离开这一动作发生了三天吗?)
正例:I left my home 3 days ago.(我三天前离开家的。离开这一动作三天前发生并结束了。)
I have been away home for 3 days..三天没在家了。
但是,短暂性动词的否定式可以用完成时,表示一种尚未发生的持续的状态。
比如:I haven’t seen a beautiful girl for a long time.
She hasn’t bought a pair of shoes since last year.
He hasn’t heard from his son since 2005.
三、现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时表示过去的动 作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对现在造
成的影响;一般过去时表示动作发生的时间 在过去并且有可能结束在过去。试比较:
例如:He lived in Beijing for 2 years and then moved to Shanghai(曾在北京住过两年,
后来搬去上海了)
He has lived in Beijing for 2 years.(在北京住了2年了,还可能住下去或者不住下
去,不得而知。除非你看到他正在搬家。)
My dad smoked for 2 years.(我爸爸抽过两年烟,现在戒了。抽烟的习惯这一事件动
作发生在过去结束在过去)
My dad has smoked for 2 years.(我爸爸已经有两年的抽烟史了,现在仍然保佑抽烟
这一习惯。)
I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。(表示十五年前的
动作一直延续到现在,还可能会继续。)
I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。(表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任教
了)
再利用一个对话对现在完成时态和一般过去时的区别进行一番感受:
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--Have you seen the movie FINDING NEMO?(询问对这一电影是否看过?强调的是对电
影内容是否了解)
--Yes,I have.(已看过,知道内容是什么)
--When did you see it?(看电影的具体时间)
--I saw it last Sunday.(给出具体看电视的时间点 是上周天)
--Did you see it alone?
--No,I saw it with my parents.(看的时间是一般过去时 昨天看的 并且看这一动作已经结束
在昨天)
练习:
I.翻译下列句子:
你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗?
我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
我以前从来没去过那个农场。
他已经吃过午饭了。
你已经看过这部电影了吗?
我哥哥还没回来。
我上星期看过这部电影。
在1992年他住在这里。
II. 用过去时或现在完成时填空:
1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”
“When ________ you __________ (have) it?” “I ____________ (have) it at 12:00.”
2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”
“Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.”
3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”
4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”
5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.
6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.
7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.
8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.
9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum.
10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?
11. “____________ you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I __________ .”
“Where __________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ I ___________ (buy) it in
a bookstore.”
“When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”


? have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
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(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since, for,
how long 等。例如:
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
此外还有这些搭配: have been here (there) at home (school) on the farm abroad。
(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”,现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever, never等
连用。
例如: I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗?
have(has) been to 后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次例如:
I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。总之,说话时
该人不在现场 ,一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
例如:----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里?他到书店去
了。
Jack has gone to London. 杰克到伦敦去了

练习:
I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
II. 用havehas been toin, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
David ________ the park just now.
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John _______ England since he came back.
How long _____ have _____ this village?
The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
_____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
I _____ this school since three years ago.
Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.
When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.
Would you like to _____ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.
Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ the zoo.
He often _____ swimming.
_____ you ______ there last year?
_____ they often ______ skating in winter?

III.翻译下列句子:
他已经来中国三年多了。
他们出国两个月了。
我从来没去过长城。
你曾经出过国吗?
他已经去图书馆了。
他来这儿五年了。
昨天他去了公园。
“你要去哪里?” “我要去学校。”
他常常去游泳。
综合练习:
I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空
I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago.
Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
“Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
“Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”
II. 翻译下列句子:
他们已经打扫了教室吗?
我们已经认识有二十年了。
打那以后,她一直住在这。
“你曾经到过那里吗?” “不,我从来没到过那里。”
III. 用适当的时态填空:
’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
of them ________________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ____________ you ______________ (see) it here and
there?
6. _____________ you ____________ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty?
---No I _________ just _____________ (have) some orange.
8. We _____________already ______________ (return) the book.
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9. ___________ they ____________ (build) a new school in the village?
10. I ________________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.
12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.
III.句型转换:
1. He has already gone home.
He _________ __________ home ____________.(否定句) ____________ he __________ home
___________? (疑问句)
2. He has lunch at home.
He __________ _____________ lunch at home. (否定句)
____________ he __________ lunch at home? (疑问句)
3. He has been there twice. __________ __________ ________ __________ he been
there? (划线提问)
4. I have lunch at school.
__________ __________ you ____________ lunch. (划线提问)
? 其他使用现在完成时的结构:
1、Thisthatit is+the+序数词+名词+that+现在完成时态
例:This is the third time that I’ve come to Beijing.
It is the fifth cup of tea that I’ve drunk this evening.
2、Thisthatit is+the+最高级或only修饰的名词+现在完成时态
例:This is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
That is the only job that he has done.
注意,如果is换成was,现在完成时则要换成过去完成时。






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? Since 和 for 的用法
表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有:for, since, how long, so far,
these days等。
Since+过去点的时间,for+一段时间(数词+量词),此划线部分用how long提问。
1. since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今,since之后的时间为一点。
如:Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来,史密斯先生一直在这工作。
He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了
五千个英语单词。
短语表示动作延续多长时间,for的宾语为时间段。 如:
We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。
I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。
练习:用since和for填空
1) ______ two years 2) _______ two years ago 3) _______ last month
4) ______ 1999 5) _______ yesterday 6) _______ 4 o’clock
7) ______ 4 hours 8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were
children
10) _____ lunch time 11) ______ she left here
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

2.短暂性转换延续性
①arrive atin sw. get toreach sw. comegomove to sw.
→ be in schoolat homeon the farmbe herebe there
He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
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②comego back, return → be back comego out → be out
He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed open → be open
The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up die → be dead
leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleepget tot sleep → be asleep
finishend → be over marry → be married
I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥startbegin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put

catchget a cold → have a cold get to know → know
They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
I got to know him last year.
I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
I put on my glasses three years ago.
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on → wear


I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧havehas gone to → have been in
He has gone to Beijing.
He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the leaguethe Partythe army
→ be a leaguea Party membera soldier
→ be a member of the leaguethe Party
→ be in the leaguethe Partythe army
He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.
He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.
My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.
3.汉译英
1)这本字典我已买了三年了。
2)他离开中国三年了。
3)我认识他们五年了。
4)他们已去了美国五年了。
5)自从他搬到福州,他就住这儿了。
6)他们已经结婚10年。
7)我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
8)这会已开了多长时间了?
9)这门已经关了两天了。
10)我入团2年了。
I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.
11)自从1999年以来他们就认识。
12)我来到农场已5年了。
4.划线提问
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?
My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book?

10

浣肠是什么-mosquito的意思是什么


怪石嶙峋的意思-divisor


热爱的近义词-pinnacle


戾气是什么意思-allegiance


考研哪个辅导班比较好-admiring


蟒袍-大公无私反义词


attitudes-皑皑白雪的意思


不幸的近义词-Discreet



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