树木的拼音-惔怎么读音
延续性动词与瞬间动词的转换
一、
瞬间动词也叫短暂性
动词或终止性动词。这种动词是指它们动作的开始也就意味着动作的结束,
所以不能直接跟表示一段的时
间状语连用。
那么,如何使瞬间动词与表示一段时间的状语连用呢?此时,我们可以将这些
词转换成意义相近的延续
性词(组),从而间接表示其中的意思。
二、瞬间动词与延续性动词的区别:
1、用于完成时的区别
1)延续动词表示经验、经历;
2)瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
eg. has
completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 (表结果)
2.I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)
2、用于till和until从句的差异
1)延续动词用于肯定句,表示“做……,直到……”
2)瞬间动词用于否定句,表示“到……,才……”
eg. didn't come
back until ten o'clock. 他到10点才回来。
slept
until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。
三、瞬间动词到延续性动词的转换:
这里对一些词做一些总结:
瞬间动词
可转换的延续性动词(组)
arrive
be here
beginstart
be on
die
be dead
fall illsickasleep
be illsickasleep
get up
be up
go out
be out
finish
be over
put on
wear或be on
open
be open(adj.)
join
be in或be
a member of…
close
be closed
go to school
be a student
borrow
keep
buy
have
catch(a cold)
have(a cold)
get to know
know
begin to study
study
come to work
work
get up
be up
leave be away from等
如:
has been a soldier for three years. 他参军三年了。
father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。
film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已开始十分钟了。
have studied English for three years.
我们(开始)学英语已三年了。
现在完成时是初中英语语法
的重点之一。它表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态,一直持续到
现在,甚至有可能继续延续下去。可
以和以for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,也可以用在以“how
long”提问的句子中,句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。
比如:
Tom has studied Russian for three years.
Green has lived in Beijing for 10 years.
但是,也有些动词所表示的动作是短暂的,这类动词叫做非延续性动词,也叫短暂性动词。
常见的短暂性动:come,leave, go ,die , begin , see
,buy ,borrow , join , lend
等,它们不能直
接与段时间连用。那么,当短暂性动词与一段时间连用时,就要转化为延续性动词。
短暂性动词转化为延续性动词一览表
buy have
borrow
catchget a cold
come
become
go
put on
join the
army
go to school
die
begin
leave
fall asleep
close
keep
have a cold
be
be
be
wear
be in the army
be a soldier
be a student
be dead
be
on
be away
be asleep
be closed
列句:
1. 他离开这儿已经六天了。
He has been away from
here for 6 days since 6 days ago.
2.
他父亲死了3年了。
His father has been dead for 3 years
since 3 years ago.
=It’s 3years since his
father died.
=His father died 3 years ago.
注意:
非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语,并可以与for,sinc
e引导的时间状语连用,表示
动作的延续过程。
比如:He hasn’t
borrowed any books for half a year.
现在完成时中非延续性动词的转换
现在完成时是初中英语语法的重点之一。它
表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,
并可以和以for或since引导的表示一
段时间的状语连用,也可以用在以“how long”提问的句子中,句子中
的谓语动词一般为延续性
动词。但是,有些动词所表示的动作是短暂的,这类动词叫做非延续性动词。如:
come, go,
reach, arrive, leave, borrow, buy, join, die,
begin, start, finish等。在现在完成时的句子中,非延
续性动词作谓语动词时,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
同学们在使用这两类动词作谓语动词时,常会出现错误。例如:
(误)Tom has
bought the book for a week.
(正)Tom has had
the book for a week.
(误)My father had
joined the Party for ten years.
(正)My father
has been in the Party for ten years.
如果要表示动作的连续性,就要把非延续性动词转换成相应的延续性动词或短语,具体转换如下:
comegoreacharrive→be inat, leave→be away from,
borrow→keep, buy→have, join→be inbe a
member
of, die→be dead, startbegin→be on, finishend→be
over, open→be open (adj.), close→be
closed
(adj.), marry→be married
注意:
1. 非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语,并可以与for,since引导的时间状语连用,<
br>表示动作的延续过程。例如:
She hasn’t bought any new
clothes since last year.
2. 在现在完成时的肯定句中,非延续
性动词作谓语时不能与for,since引导的表示一段时间的状语
连用,但可以用其他句式来表示同
一个意思。例如:
He has been away from Beijing for
two years.
= He left Beijing two years ago.
= It is two years since he left Beijing.
= Two years has passed since he left
Beijing
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