关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

完成时态专题——八年级英语

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-30 07:37
tags:完成时态

acne-related

2020年10月30日发(作者:申启贤)



完成时态专题——八年级英语



超智素质培训学校八年级英语讲义
Name:____________ Class:___________ Date 2008-04-25
完成时态专题
现在完成时
现在完成时对于我们来讲是所有时态中最难掌握的
一种。因为它并不是表 示发生于某一时间的事情,而是
既涉及过去,又联系现在的一种时态。
一、现在完成时的形式
现在完成时的形式是“have/has十过去分词”,请看
下面的例句:
I have visited the Great Wall. 我去过长城。
He has written the letter. 他写了这封信。
其中的havehas是助动词,过去分 词是除动词原形、动
词的过去式以外的第三种动词形式。如例句中的
visited ,written分别是visit, write 的过去分词。
现在完成时的否定句是在have/has后面直接加上
not ,如把上两个例句分别变成否定句:
I haven’t visited the Great Wall. 我没有去过长城。
(haven’t=have not)
He hasn’t written the letter. 他没有写这封信。
(hasn’t=has not)
现在完成时的一般疑问句是将have/has置于主语之
前。
Have you visited the Great Wall? 你去过长城
Page 2 of 13



吗?
肯定回答:Yes, I have. 否定回答:No, I haven’t.
Has he written the letter? 他写了这封信吗?
肯定回答:Yes, he has.否定回答:No, he hasn’t .

二、现在完成时表达的意义:
1)动作从过去开始,一直持续到现在
I have lived in Wuhan for five years..我在武汉住了五
年。
这个句子表示我在过去的某一时间开 始住在北京,
现在仍住在北京。表示从过去到现在的一种继续状态。
所以,现在完成时可以表示 发生在过去的动作,持续到
现在,并且有可能继续持续下去。这种情况往往和下面
这些表示一段 时间的时间状语联用:
for +一段时间(表示动作到现在持续有多长时间)
eg . for an hour for two days for
three weeks for six months
for five years for a long time for hours
since+一个时间起点(表示动作从过去的某个时间点
开始持续到现在)
eg . since yesterday since last month
since last year
since two years ago since 1990
Page 3 of 13



since then
since he came here(加一个一般过去时的句子)
2) 过去的动作虽然已经结束,但其结果和影响持续到现

He has read this book. 他已经读了这本书。
在这个句子中,“读书”这个动作虽然已 经在过去的某
一个时间结束,但其对现在的结果和影响还在,就是这
本书我已经读过了,了解了 ,至少是有印象的。这种情
况,我们经常会在助动词havehas后加一个副词
alread y(已经)
I have already read the book. 我已经读过这本书。
He has already visited the Great Wall. 他已经去过
长城了。
当把含有already的现在完成时句子变成否定句或一般
疑问句时,需要把already变成yet(仍然,还),注意
yet的位置一般在句尾。
I haven’t read the book yet. 我还没有读过这本
书。
Has he visited the Great Wall yet? 他去过长城了
吗?
如果动作刚刚结束,可以在助动词后加just
I have just read the book. 我
刚刚
读过这本书。
3)表示过去到现在之间经历过的事情,也就是一种经验、
Page 4 of 13



经历。
这种经验、经历可以是用以下副词表达: never(从
不),ever(曾经),once(一次),twice(两次),three times
(三次),before(之前),
I have never read the book. 我从没读过这本书。
He has ever visited the Great Wall. 他曾经去过长城
了。
He has been to Beijing twice. 他去过北京两次。
We have visited your school before. 我以前去过你们
学校。
4) 现在完成时的其他时间状语
还有下面一些时间状语可以用于现在完成时
so far(到目前为止) until now 或up to now(到
现在) a long time
lately(最近), recently(近来),

三、
短暂性动词与现在完成时
1.短暂性动词(如give, buy, go, come, borrow, die, join
等)能用于完成时态,如
I have bought a book.我买了一本书。
He has died.他死了。
但不能和“for”或“since”引导的表示一段时间的短
语或句子连用(可用在否定句)。
Page 5 of 13



例如:不能说:They have got to know each other
for two years.
但可以说:We haven’t seen each other for two
years.

2.短暂性动词完成时需带“for”或“since”表示一段< br>时间的状语时,必须转为表示状态的be动词+介词(名
词,副词,形容词)结构,或用表示状态 的have(拥有)
等的完成时来替换。例:borrow--keep;buy--have;got
to know--know;die--be dead;marry--be married;
open--be open;come(go)--be here(there);come back--be
back;begin--be on;finish--be over;
leave--be away;join--be in等。
例如:The film has begun.电影已经开始了。
The film has been on for 5 minutes.电影已开始
(放了)5分钟了。

3. 短暂性动词可以用在it is/has been+时间名词短语
+since从句(一般过去时)中,用来
表示从该动作或状态结束以来的一段时间,含有短暂性
动词的since从句具有肯定意义。
例如:It is/has been three years since he came to this
school.
Page 6 of 13



=He has been at this school for three years.

四、for和since引导的时间状语的相互转换
I have lived here for three years.
= I have lived here since three years ago
He has sat there for two hours.
= He has sat there since two years ago

五、have/has gone to与have/has been to的区别
have/has gone to表示“已去(某地)”,人已离开,不在< br>说话现场,所以第一人称(I,we)和第二人称(you)以及在
说话现场的人都不能用这一结 构;have/has been to表
示“去过(某地)”,人已回来,是说话以前的动作。
例如:The students have all gone to West Hill Farm.学
生们都去西山农场了。
(学生们不在说话现场,可能现在在农场,也可能
还在路上)

They have been to West Hill Farm twice.他们已去
过西山农场两次了。
(人已回来,不在那里了)

六、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1.二者都表示过去发生的事情或存在的状态。但现在完
Page 7 of 13



成时强调的是现在情况;一般过去时只表示过去。
2.二者均可表 示过去结束了的动作。现在完成时表示过
去的动作的结果或影响延续至今;而一般过去时则不表
示对现在的影响。
例:She has lived here since 1992.1992年以来她一直住
在这里。她现在还住在这里。)
She lived here in 1992.1992年她住在这里。(不涉及
现在她是否还住在这里。)
需要我们特别注意的是,现在完成时不能和明确的过去
时间联用,如yesterday, last month, last year, in 1990,
RIGHT: I visited the Great Wall last year.
WRONG: I have visited the Great Wall last year.

现在完成进行时
一、 现在完成进行时的形式
肯定句 havehas been +动词-ing
eg. I have been waiting.我一直在等。
He has been running.他一直在跑。
They have been eating.他们一直在跑。
否定句 haven’thasn’t been +动词-ing
eg. He hasn’t been running.他并没有一直在跑。
一般疑问句 HaveHas +主语+ been +动词-ing
eg. Have you been studying? 你一直在学习吗?
Page 8 of 13




三、现在完成进行时的用法以及和现在完成时的区别
现 在完成进行时描述的动作,从过去开始,一直持续
到现在。为了说明现在完成进行时现在完成时的区别,
让我们来看下面两个句子:
I have waited for him since three o’clock. (现在
完成时)
I have been waiting for him since three o’clock.
(现在完成进行时)
第一个句子说的是“我 从3点钟起等他”,考虑的是从
过去到现在这段时间,也许“等”这个 动作现在会停止,
也许不会。所以第一个句子有可能是“…and I will not
wait for him any longer ”的前奏。第二个句子说“我从3
点钟起 到现在一直在等他”考虑的是动作从过去一直进
行到现在,并且还要继续进行下去。

四、 介词sincefor 在现在完成进行时中的用法和在完
成时态中的用法相同。

Exercise
一、用所给动词的现在完成时态填空:
1. I ________________ (work) in the factory since
last year.
Page 9 of 13



2. We _________________ (live) here since 2001.
3. I __________________ (listen) to him for an hour.
4. Tom ________________ (sleep) for twelve hours.
5. You _________________ (drink) three glasses of
wine.

二、用所给动词的现在完成进行时态填空:

(dance)for hours.
2. They _____________________________ (argue) for
hours.
3. It ________________________________ (rain) since
early this morning.
4. Jimmy ____________________________ (stand)
there since 1 o’clock.
5. He ________________________________ (wait)
since two hours ago.

三、用for ,since 填空.
1. He has lived in
Wuhan_________________________ three years.
2. I have stayed here ____________________________
ten o’clock.
Page 10 of 13

_______________________________



3.
4.
5.

They
You
It
have been
have
has
studying
stood
been
English
there
raining
_____________________________ this morning.
________________________________ half an hour ago.
________________________________ a few years.
四、把下列用for的句子改成用since
1.I have lived in Wuhan for three years.

has slept for two hours.

have talked for three hours.

五、模仿例句改写句子:
eg. I have borrowed the book.
变成 I have kept the book for three days.
1. He has bought that dress.
He has ____________that dress for three days.
2. We have got to know .
We have ________________ for three years.
3. He has died.
He has _____________ since 1990.
Page 11 of 13



4. He has married Joan.
He has _______________ for two years.
5. The shop has opened.
The shop has ________________ since two hours
ago.
6. She has come here
She has _________ here since yesterday.
7. My brother has come here.
My brother has _________ here for a week.
8. The film has begun.
The film has _____________ for twenty minutes.
9. They have left.
They have _____________ since last month.
10. The boy has joined the club.
The boy has ______________ the club for three
days.

六、根据句意用所给的副词填空:
already, yet, never, ever, just, before, recently,
1. I’ve _________ been to England. 我从来没
有去过英格兰。
2. He has __________ heard of her. 他曾经听说
过她。
Page 12 of 13



3. Have you finished your homework __________?
你已经做完了家庭作业吗?
4. He has __________ arrived. 他刚刚到达。
5. I haven’t seen this boy __________.我以前没有见
国这个男孩。
6. I have _________ eaten dinner.我已经吃过晚饭
了。
7. Have you heard from Jimmy _________?你最近
收到了吉米的来信吗?
七、下列句子是否正确?如不正确,请改正:
1. He has been sitting there since thirty minutes.

2. I have known him for last year.

3. I have eaten lunch at 12 o’clock.

4. He has read the book three days ago.

5. I have gone to Beijing three times.

Page 13 of 13

cloud怎么读-萌生是什么意思


garde-水稻的英文


陈让和谢辞什么关系-伪奢侈品


布丁的英文-satellite是什么意思


掺和怎么读-ing


一月英文怎么读-节制的意思


inactive翻译-在网上英语


无解-射电望远镜



本文更新与2020-10-30 07:37,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/432410.html

完成时态专题——八年级英语的相关文章