现在完成时态专题

归纳整理： 白鹤学校 王厚平

动词的结构：助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词+（其它）
用法（1）：
表示过去动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
例如： ①I have just had my breakfast. (现在我不饿)
②Have you milked the cow yet? Yes, I have done that already. （到目前为止已完成的动作）
通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词 just，already, before, yet, never, ever 等状语连用，不强调
动作的持续.
用法（2）：
表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也 许还会持续下去的动作或状态。和表示从过去
某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连 用。 如：for+时段或since+过去的时
间点，以及 so far,by now, in the last the years, all one’s life且动词必须是延序性动词(注：
短暂性动词不能和一段时间连用，否定句中可以eg: I haven’t seen you for a long time.)
He has been away since last week.=He has been away for one week.
注意（1）：I have been living here for 2 years .=I have lived here for 2 years.(动词为延续性动词时)
注意（2）:for 和since 所引导的时间状语都表示一段时间. 对划线部分提问都用How long
用法（3）：
have been (to)，have gone (to)和have been in 的区别：
★have has been (to) 表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。
★have has gone (to) 表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。
★has have been in 表示“在某地待了好长时间”，是延续性动词。
试比较：

He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。 （人已回来，可能在这儿）
He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。（人已走，不在这儿）
He has been in Beijing for two days . （从到达北京一直到现在）

一般过去时与现在完成时之比较
1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发
生 的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。
2）过去时常与过去具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无
时间状语。
◎ 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last …，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语。
◎ 共同时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately等。
◎ 现在完成时的时间状语有：for+, since+, so far, by now,ever, never, just, already, yet, before ,till
until, up to now, in past years,over the years 等不确定的时间状语。
请大家认真分析比较下列各例句：
1. A：I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。）
B： I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）
2A： She has returned from Paris. （她已从巴黎回来了。）
B：She returned yesterday. （她是昨天回来了。）
3 A： He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)
B：He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。)
结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,
但是他可以转换成相应的延续性动词.
1.直接用延续性动词
buy_________borrow____________come here go there____________become___________ catch(get)
a cold _________ put on_____________ get to know____________begin to do
_________________make friends with sb___________________________
2.转换成be+名词
join the army __________________________ the Party _______________________
3转换成be+形容词或副词
die____________ close__________ open __________ finish end_____________
beginstart___________ leave_____________fall sleepill_________go out ________ get up________
turn on __________get married___________
4.转换成 be+介词短语
reacharriveget to school– be inat school join the army – be in the army
一般过去时态和现在完成时态可以构成同意句
1. 我们买这本书三年了.
A:We __________the book for three years.
B:We ___________the book three years ago.
2.他感冒三天了.
A:He ___________a cold for three days.
B:He____________ a cold three days ago.
3.自从上星期我借的这本书
A:I _____________the book since last week.
B:I ____________ the book last week.
4.我成为一个学生两年多了.
A:I ______________ a student for over two years.
B:I _____________a student two years ago.

Black死了三年了。
A:Mr Black _______________for three years.
B:Mr Black_________________ three years ago.
6.小名参军半年了。
A:_______________________________________
B:________________________________________
7.下课10分钟了
A:________________________________
B:________________________________
8电影开始了一小时了
A:__________________________________________ < br>B:_____________________________________________ ____
注：含延续性动词的现在完成时的同义句转换。
试用不5种方法译：车已经走了5小时了。
She has worked for ten years.
1．________________________________
=She began to work ten years ago.
2._________________________________
=She has worked since ten years ago.
3._________________________________
=It is ten years since she began to work.
4._________________________________
=Ten years has passed since she began to work.
5._________________________________


一．单项选择题：
)’ve never seen such a wonderful film before, _______?
A haven’t you B have you C do you D don’t you
)2. --Ann has gone to Shanghai. ---So ____ her parents. Dhave
)3. – I have watched the game. --When ____ you ____ it?
A have， watched B do ，watch C did ，watch D will ，watch
)4. Mr. Green ____ in China since five years ago.
A lived B has lived C lives D is going to live
)5. His grandma ______ for two years.A died B has been dead C was dead D has died
)6. –Where is Han Mei now? --- She ____ to Shanghai. She will be back in two days.
A has gone B has been C goes D had gone
)7. How long have you _____ the football team of the school?
A been on B been at C joined D played
)8. –Excuse me, ____ you seen the film yet? --- Yes, I _____ it last night.
A have, see B have, have seen C have, seen D have, saw
)9. ---Where have you _____ these days? ---- I have _____ to Dazhu with my friends.
A been , gone B been , been C gone , been D gone, gone
).10.A: Ouch ! You are standing on my foot .B:I’m sorry ,but I
______to
A. don’t mean B. haven’t mean C. am not meaning D. didn’t mean
二．用所给词的正确形式填空：
1．A lot of fish ____________________(die),The farmers look very sad .
______ (feel) better after you take the medicine.
said we _____________(win ) the game if we could work together .
4. Please wake me up if I _____ still __________ (sheep) when you ___________ (come).
5. My sister ______________(learn) English since she _____ (be) a child. She ____________ (speak)
English fluently now.
6. My uncle _________ (come) to see us. He ____________ (arrive) here a few days ago.
7. He ____________ (start) for Sydney tomorrow morning.
8. He ______ (break) his glasses when he _______(play) in a football match.
come tomorrow ____________ (be) a
meeting tomorrow morning .
10.--- Look, someone ____________(clean) the room , how clean it is !
---Yes, Mike _______________(clean ) it this morning .
11. Mike ___________________ a new house for his parents for two years .(buy)
12.---______ you ________ your homework yet ?--- No, I ________________in five minutes .(finish )
13. The light is still on in the room ,I think the Greens ___________________(watch) TV.
14．My brother _______________(not watch)CCTV news ,he only watches TV plays .
15.a) -----We ________________ (not see) you for ages! Where ________you ________ (be)?
b) -----I _______________(be) to Scotland?
三：改错:
（1）How long have you become a league member？ For more than one year.
改：__________________ ___________________________________
（2）Have you arrived here since last night？ Yes，you’re right.
改：_____________________________________ _______________
（3）The dog has died for a month.改：____________________________
（4）He has gone to Shanghai twice.改：____________________________________
（5）How long have been at this school? Since two years .
____________________________________________