同字开头的成语-combustion
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初三语法专项训练:现在完成时用法小结
现在完成时的构成:助动词have(has)+ 过去分词,
1.表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如:
I have
just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。
(“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”)
现在完成时常用的时间状语有: already (”已经”
用于肯定句的中间和末尾
处)
never (“从不” 用于中间处)
ever (”曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处)
just (“刚刚”
用于中间处)
yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 “还” 用于否定句的末尾处)
现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚
至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对
现在造成的影响;一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较:
The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。(说明现在的情况:飞机在这儿)
The plane arrived a quarter ago.
飞机是一刻中以前来的。(强调动作发生的时间在过
去)
I have taught
here for fifteen years.
我在这儿已经教了十五年。(表示十五年前的动
作一直延续到现在,还可能会继续。)
I
taught here for a year.
我过去在这儿教过一年。(表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任
教了)
练习:
I.翻译下列句子:
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1.
你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗?
2.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
3.我以前从来没去过那个农场。
4.他已经吃过午饭了。
5.你已经看过这部电影了吗?
6.我哥哥还没回来。
7.我上星期看过这部电影。
8.在1992年他住在这里。
II.
用过去时或现在完成时填空:
1. “_________ you __________
(have) lunch ?” “Yes.”
“When ________ you
__________ (have) it?” “I ____________ (have) it
at
12:00.”
2. “_________ you __________
(write) a letter to your aunt yet?”
“Yes, I
___________. I ________________ (write) one last
week.”
3. “_________ he ___________ (finish)
his homework?” “Not yet.”
4. “_________
they ever __________ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just
once.”
5. Your father _________ just
___________ (finish) his work.
6. Your father
_________ (finish) his work just now.
7. Last
term I __________ (learn) many English words.
8. They ____________ (not read) the
interesting books yet.
9. He _____________
never ____________ (go) to the science museum.
10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink)
coke?
11. “____________ you _____________
(buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I __________ .”
“Where __________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “
I ___________ (buy) it in a
bookstore.”
“When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “
Yesterday.”
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Since 和 for 的用法
表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有:for, since, how
long, so far, these days等。
Since+过去点的时间,for+一段时间(数词+量词),此划线部分用how long提问。
一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今,since之后的时间为一点。 如:
Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984.
1984年以来,史密斯先生一直在这工作。
He’s learned about 5,000
English words since he went to college.
他上大学以来大约
学了五千个英语单词。
二、for短语表示动作延续多长时间,for的宾语为时间段。 如:
We have
known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。
I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。
练习:用since和for填空
1) ______ two years
4) ______ 1999
7) ______ 4 hours
2) _______ two years
ago
5) _______ yesterday
3)
_______ last month
6) _______ 4 o’clock
8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were
children
11) ______ she left here 10) _____
lunch time
1. He has lived in Nanjing
________ the year before last.
2. I’ve known
him __________ we were children.
3. Our
teacher has studied Japanese _________ three
years.
4. She has been away from the city
___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten
years __________ she left the city.
2.短暂性转换延续性
①arrive atin sw. get toreach
sw. comegomove to sw.
→ be in schoolat homeon
the farmbe herebe there
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1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for
_________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA
last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the
USA since __________ __________.
3) I went
home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________
home for _________ __________.
4) They came
here last week.
They _________ _________ here
since _________ __________.
②comego back,
return → be back
1) He came out two years
ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for
__________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou
yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to
Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
1) I
became a teacher in 2000.
I ________
__________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2) The river became dirty last year.
The
river _________ _________ dirty for _________
__________.
④close → be closed open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop
________ _________ _________ for _________
_________.
2) The door opened at six in the
morning.
The door ________ ________ ________
for six hours.
⑤get up → be up die → be dead
leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleepget tot sleep → be asleep
comego out → be out
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finishend → be over marry → be married
1) I got up two hours ago.
I ________
________ ________ since ________ ________.
2)
He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________
________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3)
My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______
_______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The
meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________
______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep
two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________
since _________ __________.
6) They married in
1990.
They ________ _________ __________since
_________.
⑥startbegin to do sth. → do sth.
begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this
school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school
since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have
catchget a cold → have a cold get to
know → know
1) They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________
__________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________
__________.
3) I got to know him last year.
put on → wear
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I _________ __________ him since __________
__________.
4) I put on my glasses three years
ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for
_________ _________.
⑧havehas gone to → have
been in
1) He has gone to Beijing.
He ____
____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the
leaguethe Partythe army
→ be a leaguea Party
membera soldier
→ be a member of the leaguethe
Party
→ be in the leaguethe Partythe army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He
________ _________ a _________ _________ for two
years.
He ________ __________ a __________
___________ the __________ for two years.
He
____________ ___________ ___________ the league
for two years.
2) My brother joined the army
two years ago.
My brother __________
__________ a ___________ for ___________
___________.
My brother ___________
___________ in ____________ ___________ for two
years.
3.汉译英
1)这本字典我已买了三年了。
2)他离开中国三年了。
3)我认识他们五年了。
4)他们已去了美国五年了。
5)自从他搬到福州,他就住这儿了。
6)他们已经结婚10年。
7)我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
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8)这会已开了多长时间了?
9)这门已经关了两天了。
10)我入团2年了。
I __________ ___________
___________ two years ago.
I __________
___________ a ___________ ___________ for two
years.
I __________ ___________ a
___________ of __________ _________ for
two
years.
I __________ ___________
____________ the __________ for two years.
11)自从1999年以来他们就认识。
12)我来到农场已5年了。
4.划线提问
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you
__________ __________ ?
2) My father has lived
here since 2000.
_________ _________
__________ your father _________ __________?
3) He left here yesterday.
_________
________ he _________ __________?
4) They
bought a book two hours ago.
__________
___________ they __________ a book?
have
been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
一、have(has) been in
表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,
如:since, for, how
long 等。例如:
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for
three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
此外还有这些搭配: have
been here (there) at home (school) on the farm
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have been here (there) abroad
二、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”,现在已经不在那里了。可与just,
ever,
never等连用,例如: I have just been to the
post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to
the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been
to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗?
have(has) been to
后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。例如:
I have been to Beijing
three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that
village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
三、have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。
总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
例如:----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the
bookshop. 汤姆在哪里?他到书
店去了。
Jack Johnson has
gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。
练习:
I.
用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where
____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He
____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long
___________ he ___________ there?
B: He
_____________ there for three days.
A: When
will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid
he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell
me the way to Hainan Island?
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B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________
there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei
__________ to that place?
B: He _____________
there only once.
II. 用havehas been toin,
have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He
__________ his country.
2) David ________ the
park just now.
3) John _______ England since
he came back.
4) How long _____ have _____
this village?
5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for
years.
6) _____ you ever ____ America? --
Yes, I _____ there many times.
7) I _____ this
school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim?
He _____ the farm.
9) When_____ he _____? He
_______ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to
_____ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there
before.
11) Where _____ you _____ now? ---
I ____ the zoo.
12) He often _____ swimming.
13) _____ you ______ there last year?
14)
_____ they often ______ skating in winter?
III.翻译下列句子:
1. 他已经来中国三年多了。
2.
他们出国两个月了。
3. 我从来没去过长城。
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4. 你曾经出过国吗?
5. 他已经去图书馆了。
6. 他来这儿五年了。
7. 昨天他去了公园。
8. “你要去哪里?” “我要去学校。”
9. 他常常去游泳。
综合练习:
I. 用never, ever, already, yet,
for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him
before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack
has _________ finished his homework ________ an
hour ago.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this
school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you
________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________
seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?”
“Yes, it has _________ left.”
II. 翻译下列句子:
1. 他们已经打扫了教室吗?
2. 我们已经认识有二十年了。
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3.
打那以后,她一直住在这。
4. “你曾经到过那里吗?”
“不,我从来没到过那里。”
III. 用适当的时态填空:
’s
_____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for
ten days.
of them ________________ (come) to
Hongkong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour
__________ (pass) since the train __________
(leave).
5. Mary________(lose) her pen.
____________ you ______________ (see) it here and
there?
6. _____________ you ____________
(find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty?
---No I _________ just _____________ (have) some
orange.
8. We _____________already
______________ (return) the book.
9.
___________ they ____________ (build) a new school
in the village?
10. I ________________(not
finish) my homework . Can you help me?
11. My
father _____ (read) the novel twice.
12. I
_________ (buy) a book just now.
13. I
_________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
14. My
father ___________ (read) this book since
yesterday.
III.句型转换:
1. He has
already gone home. He _________ __________ home
____________.
(否定句)
____________
he __________ home ___________?
(疑问句)
2.
He has lunch at home. He __________
_____________ lunch at home. (否
定句)
____________ he __________ lunch at home? (疑问句)
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3. He has been
there twice. __________ __________ ________
__________ he
been there? (划线提问)
4. I
have lunch at school. __________ __________ you
____________ lunch.
(划线提问)