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初中现在完成时态讲解及练习

作者:高考题库网
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2020-10-30 07:41
tags:完成时态

同字开头的成语-combustion

2020年10月30日发(作者:邬希文)


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初三语法专项训练:现在完成时用法小结

现在完成时的构成:助动词have(has)+ 过去分词,
1.表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如:
I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。
(“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”)
现在完成时常用的时间状语有: already (”已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾
处)
never (“从不” 用于中间处)
ever (”曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处)
just (“刚刚” 用于中间处)
yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 “还” 用于否定句的末尾处)

现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚 至会继续下去或表示过去的动作对
现在造成的影响;一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较:
The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。(说明现在的情况:飞机在这儿)
The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。(强调动作发生的时间在过
去)
I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。(表示十五年前的动
作一直延续到现在,还可能会继续。)
I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。(表示“我“现在已经不在这儿任
教了)

练习:
I.翻译下列句子:


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1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗?
2.我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
3.我以前从来没去过那个农场。
4.他已经吃过午饭了。
5.你已经看过这部电影了吗?
6.我哥哥还没回来。
7.我上星期看过这部电影。
8.在1992年他住在这里。
II. 用过去时或现在完成时填空:
1. “_________ you __________ (have) lunch ?” “Yes.”
“When ________ you __________ (have) it?” “I ____________ (have) it at
12:00.”
2. “_________ you __________ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”
“Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write) one last week.”
3. “_________ he ___________ (finish) his homework?” “Not yet.”
4. “_________ they ever __________ (be) abroad?” “Yes, just once.”
5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish) his work.
6. Your father _________ (finish) his work just now.
7. Last term I __________ (learn) many English words.
8. They ____________ (not read) the interesting books yet.
9. He _____________ never ____________ (go) to the science museum.
10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink) coke?
11. “____________ you _____________ (buy) a dictionary? “ “Yes, I __________ .”
“Where __________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ I ___________ (buy) it in a
bookstore.”
“When ___________ you _____________ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”


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Since 和 for 的用法
表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有:for, since, how
long, so far, these days等。
Since+过去点的时间,for+一段时间(数词+量词),此划线部分用how long提问。
一、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今,since之后的时间为一点。 如:
Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来,史密斯先生一直在这工作。
He’s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约
学了五千个英语单词。
二、for短语表示动作延续多长时间,for的宾语为时间段。 如:
We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。
I haven’t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。
练习:用since和for填空
1) ______ two years
4) ______ 1999
7) ______ 4 hours






2) _______ two years ago
5) _______ yesterday


3) _______ last month
6) _______ 4 o’clock
8) _______ an hour ago 9) _______ we were children
11) ______ she left here 10) _____ lunch time
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.

2.短暂性转换延续性
①arrive atin sw. get toreach sw. comegomove to sw.
→ be in schoolat homeon the farmbe herebe there


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1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2) I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3) I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4) They came here last week.
They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
②comego back, return → be back
1) He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2) We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2) The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④close → be closed open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤get up → be up die → be dead


leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleepget tot sleep → be asleep
comego out → be out


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finishend → be over marry → be married
1) I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2) He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
6) They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥startbegin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have

catchget a cold → have a cold get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3) I got to know him last year.
put on → wear


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I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧havehas gone to → have been in
1) He has gone to Beijing.
He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨join the leaguethe Partythe army
→ be a leaguea Party membera soldier
→ be a member of the leaguethe Party
→ be in the leaguethe Partythe army
1) He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.
He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two years.
He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
2) My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________ ___________.
My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two years.

3.汉译英
1)这本字典我已买了三年了。
2)他离开中国三年了。
3)我认识他们五年了。
4)他们已去了美国五年了。
5)自从他搬到福州,他就住这儿了。
6)他们已经结婚10年。
7)我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。


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8)这会已开了多长时间了?
9)这门已经关了两天了。
10)我入团2年了。



I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for
two years.
I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.
11)自从1999年以来他们就认识。
12)我来到农场已5年了。

4.划线提问
1) I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?
2) My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
3) He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
4) They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book?

have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法
一、have(has) been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,
如:since, for, how long 等。例如:
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。
此外还有这些搭配: have been here (there) at home (school) on the farm


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have been here (there) abroad
二、have(has)been to表示“曾经去过某地”,现在已经不在那里了。可与just, ever,
never等连用,例如: I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗?

have(has) been to 后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。例如:
I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。

三、have(has) gone to 意为“到某地去了”,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。
总之,说话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
例如:----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里?他到书
店去了。
Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克.约翰逊到伦敦去了。

练习:
I. 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?
B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?


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B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.

II. 用havehas been toin, have gone to及go的各种形式填空。
1) Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
2) David ________ the park just now.
3) John _______ England since he came back.
4) How long _____ have _____ this village?
5) The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
6) _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
7) I _____ this school since three years ago.
8) Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.
9) When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.
10) Would you like to _____ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.
11) Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ the zoo.
12) He often _____ swimming.
13) _____ you ______ there last year?
14) _____ they often ______ skating in winter?

III.翻译下列句子:
1. 他已经来中国三年多了。

2. 他们出国两个月了。

3. 我从来没去过长城。


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4. 你曾经出过国吗?

5. 他已经去图书馆了。

6. 他来这儿五年了。

7. 昨天他去了公园。

8. “你要去哪里?” “我要去学校。”

9. 他常常去游泳。


综合练习:
I. 用never, ever, already, yet, for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour ago.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”

II. 翻译下列句子:
1. 他们已经打扫了教室吗?

2. 我们已经认识有二十年了。


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3. 打那以后,她一直住在这。

4. “你曾经到过那里吗?” “不,我从来没到过那里。”
III. 用适当的时态填空:
’s _____________ (live) here ever since she was ten.
of them ________________ (be) in Hongkong for ten days.
of them ________________ (come) to Hongkong ten days ago.
4. Half an hour __________ (pass) since the train __________ (leave).
5. Mary________(lose) her pen. ____________ you ______________ (see) it here and
there?
6. _____________ you ____________ (find) your watch yet?
7. ---Are you thirsty? ---No I _________ just _____________ (have) some orange.
8. We _____________already ______________ (return) the book.
9. ___________ they ____________ (build) a new school in the village?
10. I ________________(not finish) my homework . Can you help me?
11. My father _____ (read) the novel twice.
12. I _________ (buy) a book just now.
13. I _________ (lost ) my watch yesterday.
14. My father ___________ (read) this book since yesterday.

III.句型转换:
1. He has already gone home. He _________ __________ home ____________.
(否定句)
____________ he __________ home ___________?
(疑问句)
2. He has lunch at home. He __________ _____________ lunch at home. (否
定句)
____________ he __________ lunch at home? (疑问句)


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3. He has been there twice. __________ __________ ________ __________ he
been there? (划线提问)
4. I have lunch at school. __________ __________ you ____________ lunch.
(划线提问)

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