初中哦现在完成时态讲解及练习.

初三语法专项训练:现在完成时用法小结
现在完成时的构成:助动词 have (has + 过去分词,
1.表示过去发生或完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。例如:
I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。
(“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作,对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”
现在完成时常用的时间状语有:already (”已经” 用于肯定句的中间和末尾处
never (“从不” 用于中间处
ever (”曾经” 用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处
just (“刚刚” 用于中间处
yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 “还” 用于否定句的末尾处
现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较
现在完成时表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去或表示过去的动作
对现在造成 的影响;一般过去时表示动作发生的时间在过去。试比较:
The plane has arrived . 飞机已经来了。 (说明现在的情况:飞机在这儿
The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻中以前来的。 (强调动作发生的时间
在过去 I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿已经教了十五年。 (表示十五年
前的动作一直延 续到现在,还可能会继续。
I taught here for a year. 我过去在这儿教过一年。 (表示“我“现在已经不在这儿
任教了
练习:

I .翻译下列句子:
1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗?
2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。
4. 他已经吃过午饭了。
5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗?
6. 我哥哥还没回来。
7. 我上星期看过这部电影。
8. 在 1992年他住在这里。
II . 用过去时或现在完成时填空:
1. “_________ you __________ (have lunch ?” “Yes.”
“When ________ you __________ (have it?” “I ____________ (have it at 12:00.”
2. “_________ you __________ (write a letter to your aunt yet?”
“Yes, I ___________. I ________________ (write one last week.”
3. “_________ he ___________ (finish his homework?” “Not yet.”
4. “_________ they ever __________ (be abroad?” “Yes, just once.”
5. Your father _________ just ___________ (finish his work.
6. Your father _________ (finish his work just now.
7. Last term I __________ (learn many English words.

8. They ____________ (not read the interesting books yet.
9. He _____________ never ____________ (go to the science museum.
10. ____________ you ever ____________ (drink coke?
11. “____________ you _____________ (buy a dictionary? “ “Yes, I __________ .”
“Where __________ you _____________ (buy it?” “ I ___________ (buy it in a
bookstore.”
“When ___________ you _____________ (buy it?” “ Yesterday.”
Since 和 for 的用法
表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有:for, since, how
long, so far, these days等。
Since+过去点的时间, for+一段时间(数词 +量词 ,此划线部分用 how long提问。
一、 since 短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今, since 之后的时间为一点。 如:
Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来,史密斯先生一直在这工作。
He ’ s learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大
约学了五千 个英语单词。
二、 for 短语表示动作延续多长时间, for 的宾语为时间段。 如:
We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。
I haven’ t seen her for a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。
练习:用 since 和 for 填空

1 ______ two years 2 _______ two years ago 3 _______ last month 4 ______ 1999
5 _______ yesterday 6 _______ 4 o’clock 7 ______ 4 hours 8 _______ an hour ago 9
_______ we were children
10 _____ lunch time 11 ______ she left here
1. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before last.
2. I’ve known him __________ we were children.
3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _________ three years.
4. She has been away from the city ___________ about ten years.
5. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
2. 短暂性转换延续性
① arrive atin sw. get toreach sw. comegomove to sw.
→ be in schoolat homeon the farmbe herebe there
1 He got to Beijing five minutes ago.
He ________ _________ _________ Beijing for _________ _________.
2 I moved to the USA last year.
I ________ ________ __________ the USA since __________ __________.
3 I went home yesterday.
I _______ ________ _________ home for _________ __________.
4 They came here last week.

They _________ _________ here since _________ __________.
② comego back, return → be back comego out → be out
1 He came out two years ago.
He _________ __________ _________ for __________ __________.
2 We return to Fuzhou yesterday.
We ________ ________ _________ to Fuzhou since __________.
③ become → be
1 I became a teacher in 2000.
I ________ __________ a teacher for _________ _________.
2 The river became dirty last year.
The river _________ _________ dirty for _________ __________.
④ close → be closed open → be open
1 The shop closed two hours ago.
The shop ________ _________ _________ for _________ _________.
2 The door opened at six in the morning.
The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤ get up → be up die → be dead
leave sw. → be away from sw.
fall asleepget tot sleep → be asleep

finishend → be over marry → be married
1 I got up two hours ago.
I ________ ________ ________ since ________ ________.
2 He left Fuzhou just now.
He _______ ________ ________ _________ Fuzhou for five minutes.
3 My grandpa died in 2002.
My grandpa _______ _______ ________for _______ ________.
4 The meeting finished at six.
The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5 I got to sleep two hours ago.
I ________ _________ _________ since _________ __________.
6 They married in 1990.
They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥ startbegin to do sth. → do sth. begin → be on
1 I began to teach at this school in 1995.
I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2 The film began two minutes ago.
The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦ borrow → keep lose → not have buy → have put on → wear

catchget a cold → have a cold get to know → know
1 They borrowed it last week.
They _________ _________ it since __________ __________.
2 I bought a pen two hours ago.
I _________ _________ a pen for ________ __________.
3 I got to know him last year.
I _________ __________ him since __________ __________.
4 I put on my glasses three years ago.
I __________ __________ my glasses for _________ _________.
⑧ havehas gone to → have been in
1 He has gone to Beijing.
He ____ ____ _____ Beijing for two days.
⑨ join the leaguethe Partythe army
→ be a leaguea Party membera soldier
→ be a member of the leaguethe Party
→ be in the leaguethe Partythe army
1 He joined the league in 2002.
He ________ _________ a _________ _________ for two years.

He ________ __________ a __________ ___________ the __________ for two
years.
He ____________ ___________ ___________ the league for two years.
2 My brother joined the army two years ago.
My brother __________ __________ a ___________ for ___________
___________.
My brother ___________ ___________ in ____________ ___________ for two
years.
3. 汉译英
1这本字典我已买了三年了。
2他离开中国三年了。
3我认识他们五年了。
4他们已去了美国五年了。
5自从他搬到福州,他就住这儿了。
6他们已经结婚 10年。
7我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
8这会已开了多长时间了?
9这门已经关了两天了。
10我入团 2年了。
I __________ ___________ ___________ two years ago.

I __________ ___________ a ___________ ___________ for two years.
I __________ ___________ a ___________ of __________ _________ for two
years.
I __________ ___________ ____________ the __________ for two years.
11自从 1999年以来他们就认识。
12我来到农场已 5年了。
4. 划线提问
1 I have been there for two days.
__________ _________ __________ you __________ __________ ?
2 My father has lived here since 2000.
_________ _________ __________ your father _________ __________?
3 He left here yesterday.
_________ ________ he _________ __________?
4 They bought a book two hours ago.
__________ ___________ they __________ a book?
have been in, have been to 与 have gone to 的用法
一、 have(has been in 表示 “在某地呆多长时间” , 常与表示一段时间的状语连
用, 如:since, for, how long 等。例如:
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了。

此外还有这些搭配:have been here (there at home (school on the farm
have been here (there abroad
二、 have(hasbeen to表示“曾经去过某地” ,现在已经不在那里了。可与 just,
ever, never等 连用,例如:I have just been to the post office. 我刚才去邮局了。
Mary has never been to the Great Wall. 玛丽从未去过长城。
Have you ever been to Hangzhou? 你曾经去过杭州吗?
have(has been to 后面可接次数,表示去过某地几次。例如:
I have been to Beijing three times. 我去过北京三次。
They have been to that village several times. 他们去过那个村庄好几次了。
三、 have(has gone to 意为“到某地去了” ,表示到了某地或正在去某地的途中。
总之,说 话时该人不在现场,一般不用第一、第二人称代词作句子的主语。
例如:----Where is Tom? ----He has gone to the bookshop. 汤姆在哪里?他到书店去
了。 Jack Johnson has gone to London. 杰克 . 约翰逊到伦敦去了。
练习:
I. 用 have(has been 或 have(has gone 填空。
A: Where ____________ Li Fei ___________?
B: He ____________ to Hainan Island.
A: How long ___________ he ___________ there?
B: He _____________ there for three days.
A: When will he come back , do you know?

B: I’m afraid he won’t come back recently.
A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?
B: Sorry, I _________ never ___________ there.
A: How many times ___________ Li Fei __________ to that place?
B: He _____________ there only once.
II. 用 havehas been toin, have gone to及 go 的各种形式填空。
1 Where is Jack? He __________ his country.
2 David ________ the park just now.
3 John _______ England since he came back.
4 How long _____ have _____ this village?
5 The Smiths ______ Beijing for years.
6 _____ you ever ____ America? -- Yes, I _____ there many times.
7 I _____ this school since three years ago.
8 Where is Jim? He _____ the farm.
9 When_____ he _____? He _______ an hour ago.
10 Would you like to _____ the zoo with me? ---Yes, but I _____ there before.
11 Where _____ you _____ now? --- I ____ the zoo.
12 He often _____ swimming.

13 _____ you ______ there last year? 14 _____ they often ______ skating in winter?
III.翻译下列句子： 1. 他已经来中国三年多了。 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 他们出国两个月
了。 我从来没去过长城。 你曾经出过国吗？ 他已经去图书馆了。 他来这儿五年
了。 昨天他去了公园。 “你要去哪里？” “我要去学校。 ” 他常常去游泳。 综合练
习: I. 用 never, ever, already, yet, for, since 填空 1. I have _______ seen him before, so I
have no idea about him. 2. Jack has _________ finished his homework ________ an hour
ago. 3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years. 4. “Have you ________
seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.” 5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it
has _________ left.” II. 翻译下列句子： 1. 他们已经打扫了教室吗？ 2. 3. 我们已经
认识有二十年了。 打那以后，她一直住在这。 4. “你曾经到过那里吗？” “不，我
从来没到过那里。 ” III. 用适当的时态填空： ’s _____________ (live here ever
since she was ten. of them ________________ (be in Hongkong for ten days.
of them ________________ (come to Hongkong ten days ago. 4. Half an hour
__________ (pass since the train __________ (leave.
5. Mary________(lose her pen. ____________ you ______________ (see it here
and there? 6. _____________ you ____________ (find your watch yet? 7. ---Are you
thirsty? ---No I _________ just _____________ (have some orange. 8. We
_____________already ______________ (return the book. 9. ___________ they
____________ (build a new school in the village? 10. I ________________(not finish
my homework . Can you help me? 11. My father _____ (read the novel twice. 12. I
_________ (buy a book just now. 13. I _________ (lost my watch yesterday. 14. My
father ___________ (read this book since yesterday. III．句型转换： 1. He has already
gone home. 句 问句 2. He has lunch at home. 3. He has been there twice. (划线提问 4. I
have lunch at school. 问 He _________ __________ home ____________. (否定
____________ he __________ home ___________? (疑 He __________
_____________ lunch at home. (否定句 ____________ he __________ lunch at home?
(疑问句 __________ __________ ________ __________ he been there? __________
__________ you ____________ lunch. (划线提