16种时态及语态总结

时态语态总结


一般
现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般现在时
Do ；does
一般过去时
Did
Waswere done
过去进行时
waswere doing
过去完成时
had done
had been done
被动语态
Be done
进行
现在进行时
be doing
现在完成时
Havehas done
一般将来时
will do；be going to
Will be done
Be going to be done
将来进行时
will be doing
将来完成时
will have done
很少使用被动语态
过去将来时
would do
Would be done
过去将来进行时
Would have done
无被动语态
过去将来完成时
Would have done
很少使用被动语态
被动语态
Amisare being done waswere being done
无被动语态
完成
被动语态
Havehas been done
完成进行
现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时
Havehas been doing Had been doing
无被动语态
将来完成进行时 过去将来完成进行时
Willshall have been doing Would have been doing
无被动语态 无被动语态 被动语态 无被动语态
说明：
1. 英语有16种时态，其中常见的有10种；
2. 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时四种基本时态均有
被动语态。
3. 现在进行时、过去进行时有被动语态，而将来进行时和过去将来进行时
没有被动语态。
4. 现在完成时、过去完成时有被动语态，将来完成时和过去将来完成时很
少用于被动结构。
5. 完成进行时均没有被动语态（包括现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、
将来完成进行时、过去将来完成进 行时）。
注意：填充单元格为不常用时态。

▲用法及举例：
1. 一般时态的被动语态
一般时态的被动形式都由“助动词be+过去分词”构成(动作发生时间由be表现出来)
(1) 一般现在时的被动语态
In China, the railways are owned by the state. 在中国，铁路是国有的。
They are asked to shoulder the costs of the repair. 要求他们承担这笔修理费。
The new drug began to operate not long after it is taken. 这种新药服用后不久就会开
始见效。
(2) 一般过去时的被动语态：
Each couple was asked to complete a form. 要求每对夫妇填一张表。
The thief was handed over to the police. 这个小偷已经送交派出所了。
He was admitted into the club as a member. 他被接纳为俱乐部的会员。
(3) 一般将来时的被动语态：
The hotel will be closed during repairs. 那家饭店在整修期间将停业。
Light refreshments will be served after the meeting. 会议之后有简单茶点招待。
If you don’t give care to your work, you will be fired. 如果你不细心工作，你会被解聘
的。
(3) 过去将来时的被动语态：
He knew he would be punished for it. 他知道他会为此受到惩罚。
They were afraid the city would be bombarded. 他们担心城市会受到轰击。
He hoped that he would be assigned a more suitable job. 他希望能分配他更合适的工
作。
2. 进行时态的被动语态
进行时态的被动形式都由“助动词be+being+过去分词”构成：

(1) 现在进行时的被动语态：
He is being treated with a new drug. 他正在接受一种新药的治疗。
The studio is being wired for sound. 这个播音室正在安装音响设备用的电线。
The search for a cure for this frequent disease is being funded by the government. 政
府正提供资金以探索这种多发病的治疗方法。
(2) 过去进行时的被动语态：
The baby was being nursed at its mother’s breast. 孩子正在母亲怀中吃奶。
A football match was being played nearby. 附近正在举行一场足球赛。
The road was being repaired. We had to make a detour. 正在修路，我们得绕行。
3. 完成时态的被动语态
完成时态的被动形式都以“has (have, had) +been+过去分词”构成：
(1) 现在完成时的被动语态：
Everything has been fixed in advance. 一切都已预先安排好 了。
The island has been ruined by tourism. 该岛被旅游业给毁了。
Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary. 本词典的这一版里新增
加了很多词。
(2) 过去完成时的被动语态：
It was the first time he had been bitten by a dog. 这是他第一次被狗咬。
She was disturbed to hear you had been injured in the accident. 她听到你在事故中受
了伤感到不安。
He resigned his post because he had been offered a better job. 他辞去了职务，因为
他得到了一份更好的工作。