初二现在完成时态教案

现在完成时是初二的语法内容，也是中考英语的重点和难点。
很多同学在刚学习现在完 成时时，都觉得很茫然，因为它似乎与一般过去时相似。那是因为这两种时态描
述的动作都开始于过去。 其实不然，现在完成时主要表示，发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许
还要延续；侧重于这个动 作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等。而一般过去时则只不过是
表示动作发生在过去的什 么时候。弄清了这一区别，就很容易理解现在完成时了。

一、现在完成时定义
现 在完成时是过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成，对现在造成的影响，可能持续发生下去。在英
语 时态中，“时”指动作发生的时间，“态”指动作的样子和状态 。
1. 表示到说话人说话时已经完成的动作，却对现在仍有影响或结果。
例如：He has lost his book.他丢了他的书。
2. 表示事情开始与过去，却一直持续到现在还在进行的事情。
例如：He has taught in our school for 30 years.他在我们学校教书已有30年了。
3. 表示从过去某个时间直到现在的这个时间范围内 不断重复发生的动作或情况，并且这个不断重复的动
作有可能继续下去，也有可能到现在就结束。
例如：My father has always gone to work by bike.我父亲一向骑车上班。
4.同一般现在时可以表示将来一样，现在完成时也可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。
例如：I'll wait until he has written his letter.我愿等到他把信写完。

二、句型：主语 + have has + done（过去分词） + …
1、肯定句: ① 主语 + have has + done + …
She has been to Shanghai.她去过上海.I have finished doing my homework.我已经完成我的作业了.
2、否定句: ① 主语 + have has + not +done + …
I haven’t seen this film.我没有看过这部电影.
She hasn’t finished doing her homework.她还没有完成她的作业.
3、一般疑问句：① Have Has + 主语 + done + …
Have you seen this film ? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t .你看过这部电影吗?是的, 看过. 不, 没有.
Has she finished doing his homework ?Yes, she has . No, she hasn’t.她完成她的作业了吗?是的, 完成了. 不,
没有.
4、特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词 + have has + 主语 + done + …？
Who has finished doing his homework ? 谁完成了作业?

三、标志词
时间状语：典型的表时间的词与现在完成时连用

与for 、since、 already、 yet、 ever、 never、 recently、just、before、 so far、 by now、 …等连用.
1. for+一段时间 ( two weekssix monthsfive days) 表示动作延续多长时间
I have lived in Yaan for ten years.
I haven’t eaten anything for ten hours.
1. since+过去的某一个时间点
I have lived in Yaan since ten years ago.
y :用于肯定句, 可放在助动词之后、过去分词之前，也可放在句末.
I have already finished my homework.
: 用在疑问句中意为”已经”, 用在否定句中表示”还”, 常放在句末.
Have you finished your homework yet?I haven’t finished my homework yet.
: 曾经 用于疑问句中：Have you ever been to Shanghai ? 你去过上海吗?
: 未曾 从未 I have never traveled by plane before.我以前从来没有乘飞机旅行过.
ly：最近 用于肯定 否定 疑问句中I have been busy have not seen Tom they
been here recently?
eg1. He promised to pick me up at the school gate.
However. He yet. D
A. didn't arrive
B. doesn't arrive
C. isn't arriving
D . hasn 't arrived

2.- -China develops so fast.
- That's true. It a lot already. D
A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed

练习
1、Both his parents look sad。Maybe they what' s happened to him.
A. knew B. have known C. must know kow
现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作 对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束,一直持续到现在或将
来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种 考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故_
上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正 确答案是B。

2、The famous writer one new book in the past two years .
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote written
现在完成时常与recently(近来)，so far(到目前为止)，in the +一段时间 ”等时间状语连用。因为上
述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某- -时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。
故应选D.

3、一-Our country a lot so far.
一Yes.I hope it will be even .
A. has changed well B. changed good
C. has changed better D. changed better
C

5、Zhao Lan already in this school for two years .
A. was studying B. will study
C. has studied D. are studying
现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时间点”连用(含从句，从句过去时)。
故应选C。

6、We Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had kown C. have known D. knew
C