被动语态在将来时、现在完成时和进行时中的应用(讲义)

高中英语 被动语态在将来时、现在完成时和进行时中的应用
1. 通过学习本课，能够全面掌握将来时、现在完成时和进行时中被动语态的构成。
2. 通过学习本课，能够初步使用将来时、现在完成时和进行时中的被动语态。
重点：将来时、现在完成时和进行时中被动语态的意义和构成。
难点：灵活运用各种时态的被动语态。

1. 被动语态是中学英语的基础语法之一， 常结合各种时态同时考查被动语态，综合考查
考生对时态和语态的掌握。
2. 在写作部分，被动语态的应用能避免一些不明确的信息，体现学生高超的语言运用的
能力。
被动语态在将来时中的应用
A new village for the athletes and all the stadiums will be built to the east of London.
在伦敦东部将为运动员建立一个新的奥运村和所有的运动场。
New medals will be designed of course and…
当然还会设计新的奖牌……
一般将来时的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，且动作在将来发生。
1. 一般将来时被动语态的形式包括：肯定式：shall will + be +及物动词的过去分词
否定式：shan’t won’t + be +及物动词过去分词
疑问式：shall will+主语+ be +及物动词过去分词
这些形式是常见的一般将来时的 被动式，表示单纯的将来，常与表示将来的时间状语如：
tomorrow, next week, in a few years等连用。will可用于各种人称，shall仅仅用于第一人称。
The building will be finished soon.
这座大楼很快会竣工。
If you don’t obey the rules, you’ll be punished.
如果你不遵守这些规则，你就会受到惩罚。
Shall I be admitted into the stadium?
我会被允许进入体育馆吗？
Will he be cheered up by the watchers when competing in the race?
他在赛跑时会得到观众的喝彩吗？
In the near future, more advances in the robot technology ____________ by scientists.
A. are making B. are made
答案：D
2. 一般将来时其他常见被动形式：
be to be done 表示按计划或安排将要发生的被动动作。
表示“应该”，意思相当于should，可用来征求对方意见。
表示“必须”，意思相当于must或have to。
be going to be done 表示最近即将发生的动作或按计划将要发生的被动动作。
The work is to be done by Tom.
这项工作将由汤姆来做。
What is to be done next?
下一步该怎么办？
The work is to be finished before lunch.
C. will make D. will be made
思路分析：主语advance和make之间是被动关系，而且是发生在将来，所以D正确。
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这项工作必须在午饭前做完。
The new park is going to be opened to the public on National Day.
新公园将于国庆节向公众开放。
The 2019 Olympic Games ______________ in Rio de Janeiro.
A. hold B. are to hold
答案：C
被动语态。
3. 使用一般将来时的被动语态应注意：
在时间、条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。
使用一般将来时的被动语态不要遗漏被动式中的be。
否定词not应放在助动词之后。
If I am given enough time, I’ll go to Japan for my holiday.
如果我有足够的时间，我将去日本度假。
The film will be shown next Thursday.
这部电影将在下周四上映。
No decision ____________ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been
interviewed.
A. will be made B. is made
答案：A
将来时的被动。
C. is being made D. has been made
C. are to be held D. are held
思路分析：句意：2019年奥运会将在里约热内卢举行。be to be done为一般将来时的
思路分析：句意：直到所有的候选人都面试以后才会做出关于下一步的任命决定。一般
现在完成 时的被动语态
Over time I have been changed quite a lot.
经过一段漫长的时间，我已经改变了很多。
Since the 1970s, many new applications have been found for me.
从20世纪70年代开始，我又被开发出了很多的新用途。
I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with
medical operations.
我被放在机器人里面，被用来制作手机，并且用来帮助做医疗手术。
I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.
我还被放置在航空火箭里去探测月球和火星。
肯定式：have has been done
否定式：have has not been done (haven’t hasn’t been done)
疑问式：Have Has +主语+ been done?
1. 表示人或事物已经受到某种影响或某种处理（这个被动的动作发生在过去，但是对现
在有影响）。
2. 表示发生在过去，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去的被动动作或状态。常与for或
since引导的时间状语从句连用，或用于“How long…?”句型中。
3. 用在时间或条 件状语从句中，表示已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将
来完成时的被动语态。
Has his new novel been translated into English yet?
他的新小说被翻译成英语了吗？
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They haven’t been told the exciting news yet, have they?
他们还没有被告知这个令人兴奋的消息，是吗？
How long has this film been on?
这部电影已经上映多长时间了？
You can go home as soon as your homework has been finished.
你的家庭作业一做完你就可以回家。
Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money- making jobs they
_______________ before leaving their hometowns.
A. promised
答案：D
的工作。
现在完成时的被动语态使用的注意事项：
（1）两个助动词have has和been，两者缺一不可。
（2）与一般过去时的被动 语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与
现在的情况没有联系，而现在完成时的被动语 态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The road was built last year. 这条路是去年修建的。
The road has been built. 这条路已经修好了。
（3）非延续性动词，如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等词的现在完成
时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若 要表达相应的意思，则要把非延续性动词
转换为延续性动词。如：borrow—keep join—be in begin—be on buy—have marry—
be married leave—be away from arrive—be here come—be here
但是非延续性动词的否定式可具有持续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间状语连用。
How long has this dictionary been kept?
这本词典借了多长时间了？
This dictionary has not been borrowed since last week.
自从上周以来就没有人借过这本词典。
His sister left home in 2019, and ___________________ since.
A. had not been heard of
C. had not heard of
答案：B
B. has not been heard of
D. has not heard of
B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised
思路分析：句意：每年大量农民 工涌入深圳，去寻找他们离乡前别人给他们许诺的挣钱
思路分析：句意：他的妹妹自从2019年离开家 后一直杳无音信。
现在进行时的被动语态
We’re being killed for the wool beneath our stomachs. Our fur is being used to make
sweaters for people like you.
为了取得我们肚皮底下的羊毛，我们正在被屠杀。我们的毛被用来为像你一样的人们制
作毛衣。
I wonder what is being done to help you.
我不知道为了帮助你们正在采取什么措施。
So good things are being done here to save local wildlife.
因此，为了拯救当地的野生动植物，他们也在做一些好事。
表示“某人或某事正在被……”，强调主语是动作的承受者，即主谓之间关系为被动关
系。
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肯定式：am is are + being done
否定式：am is are not + being done
疑问式：Am Is Are +主语+ being done…?
1. 表示说话瞬间正在进行的被动动作。
2. 表示现阶段正在进行的被动动作，但动作不一定在此时此刻发生。
3. 表示一种习惯的被动行为，常带有赞赏、羡慕、讨厌等感情色彩，常与always, constantly
等词连用。
4. 与某些情态动词连用，表示对正在发生的动作的推测。
A new railway station is being built.
一个新的火车站正在建设中。
He is always being praised by the teacher.
他总是受到老师的表扬。
He may be being beaten by his father at the very moment.
他父亲此刻可能正在揍他。
It is reported that many a new house _______________ at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built



B. were being built
D. is being built

C. was being built
答案：D
思路分析：句意：据报道，现在灾区有很多新房子正在被建造。
1. Rubbish ________________ to give light after this kind of new machine is invented.
A. will get made use B. will make use of
C. will be used of D. will be made use of
2. I want to know who ______________ for the fault.
A. be punished B. punish C. will be punished
years.
A. discovered B. have discovered
C. had been discovered D. have been discovered
4. —_______ the letter ________ to Mr Black?
—No. It’s still on the desk.
A. Has; given B. Will; be given C. Was; given

D. Has; been given
5. They are listening to the music that _________________ on the radio.
A. is being broadcast B. will be broadcast
C. was being broadcast D. has been broadcast
答案：1. D 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. A
思路分析：
1. make use of 利用，且与主语rubbish构成被动关系，所以D正确。
2. 句意：我想知道谁将因为这次过失而受惩罚。
3. in the past year所在的句子要用现在完成时态，substances是“被发现”，故用被动形
式。
4. 问话人想知道的是动作的结果，所以应该用现在完成时的被动语态。其疑问式是把这
一结 构中的助动词have或has提前。
5. 本句为含有定语从句的主从复合句。由主句时态及语境可知，此处应用现在进行时态。
D. will punish
3. With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ______________ in the past
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