时态讲解：现在完成时

时态讲解：现在完成时
1）现在完成时通常表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在 造成
的影响和结果。说话人强调的是该动作或状态对现在的结果或影响。
My daughter has just gone out. 我女儿刚出去。
I’m sure we’ve met before. 我肯定我们以前见过面。
She has arrived. 她到了。
2）表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和包括现在在内的表示一段时间的状语连用，如recently, already, just, lately, for…,
since…,yet等。如：
I haven’t heard from her these days. 这些日子我没有收到她的信。
We haven’t seen you recently. 最近我们没有见到你。
They have been away for two years. 他们离开已经两年了。
She has been with us since Monday.
3）. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内
重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.
6. have been to 和have gone to的区别
have been to 强调“去过”，现已不在那里，如：
He has been to the USA three times.
他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）
have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：
--Where's your mother? --你妈妈在哪？
--She has gone to the hospital. --她去医院了。

一 结构
1.肯定句：主语+havehas+动词的过去分词+其他
2.否定句：主语+havehas+not+动词的过去分词+其他
3.一般疑问句：havehas+主语+动词的过去分词+其他
Yes, 主语+havehas. No , 主语+havehas+not
4.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+havehas+主语+动词的过去分词+其他

二 常和现在完成时一起连用的时间状语
注意:.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时 间状语）
如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning 、afternoon)等，除非与
for, since连用.
1.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently, still, lately，Just, already,
yet, ever, never, before, twice(重复性时间)， for+短时间， since+点时间，
so far, how long 提问的疑问句中.......

He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet ?
2. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,
如ever, never, twice, several times等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.

George has met that gentleman several times.
3. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,
如up to these few daysweeksmonthsyears, just, up to
present(now), so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Up to the present everything has been successful.

三 当现在完成时与表示短时间的时间状语连用时，谓语动词必
须使用延续性动词。如果谓语动 词是非延续性动词则转化为对应的延
续性动词。 若不是和短时间连用，则不用转化。
英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。
1. 持续性动词: 表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。
常见的study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly,
stay, sit, stand, lie, keep等。
2. 瞬间性动词: 表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。
常见的--begin, start, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter,
hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take
away, put up, set out, put on, get onoff等
3. 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常用意思相
当的持续性动词来替换
He has been in the armya soldier for three years. （他参军已有3年了。）不用has
joined
She has been up for quite some time. （她起床已有好久了。）不用has got up
Has your brother been away from home for a long time? （离家已有好久了吗？）不
用has left
常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：
1、go—be away 2、come—be here 3、come back—be back 4、leave—be
away（be not here） 5、buy—have 6、borrow—keep 7、die——be dead

8、begin——be on 9、finish—be over 10、open——be open 11、
close——be closed 12、lose——be lost 13、get to know—know 14、
turn on—be on 15、get up——be up 16、sit down—sitbeseated 17、
join—be in（…）或be a…member 18、become—be
4. 瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用
例如：I haven’t seen you for a long time.（好久没见到你了。）



四 区别下面三组词
Have been to 表示去过某地方，不过现在已经回来
Have gone to 表示去了，还未回来
Have been in 表示一直在某个地方


五现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时用 来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。
动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响 现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，
不表示和现在的关系。

I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我刚去过伦敦，是上个月去的。

1. 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去 的事情，强调动作；现在完
成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2. 过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，
或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语:
yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具体的时间状语

共同的时间状语:
this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately

现在完成时的时间状语
for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till until, up to now, in past years, always,

六 现在完成时的反义疑问句的结构
主语+havehas+动词过去分词+其他， havehas+not+主语
主语+havehas+not+动词过去分词+其他， havehas+主语

七 现在完成时考点例析
一、考查其构成
助动词have (has) +动词过去分词构成现在完成时。如：
1. Kate's never seen Chinese films，____ ? A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is
she
析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因Kate's是Kate has
的缩写，故选B。
2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him. (改为否定句)
His uncle ______ posted the photos to him ______.
析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填hasn't, yet。
3. -Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have
析：助系情态 动词+主语结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持
一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数,故选D。
二、考查其用法与标志词
(一)当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。如：
1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -______you______ your homework
yet?
A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished
2. -______ you ______anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where I______
A. Did; surf; surfed B. Have; surfed; surfed
C. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed
析：据yet和before可知,应用现在完成时，故1题选D，2题选D。
(二)当句中 有段时间或点时间等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语
动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续性动词，要改为 延续性动词或表状态的词(短
语)。如：
1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice______he came to Yunnan.
A. after B. before C. since D. for
析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选C。
2. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.
A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had

析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表段时间的短语连 用，故
选D。
3. I______a letter from him since he left.
A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. haven't heard
析：据since可知，应排除A、C，
意为收到某人的来信，故选B。
三、考查havehas been (to, in)havehas gone (to)的区别。如：
1. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have.
A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to
析：据句中的have，排除A，B项意为去某地了，C项意为一直呆在某地，
D项意为去过某地，符合题意，故选D。
2. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
析：本题句中有段时间结构，据此可排除C，B项意为去过某地，不合
题意，D项缺 介词，故选A。
四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：
1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.(改成正确的句子)
析： 非延续性动词与段时间连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，
还可把动词改为一般过去时或借 助句型段时间+since+从句进行句子转换。
故答案为：Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. Sun's aunt went there ten years
ago. It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there.
2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改为同义句)
________more than ten years ____Susan ______to this city.
析：据上题分析，且since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填It is, since, came。
3. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket.
A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming
析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在 造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，
符合现在完成时所表示的含意，故选C。