完整版现在完成时态讲解及练习

现在完成时态讲解及练习
一、现在完成时的构成
肯定句：主语+have has + done （过去分词）+其它
He has lived in Shen zhe n for 4 years.
一般疑问句：Have Has +主语+ done （过去分词
）
+其它
Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years? 否定句
：
主语+have has+ not + done （过去分词
）
+
其它
He has not fini shed his homework.
过去分词的构成方法如下
：
1. 一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 -ed.
work---worked answer---an swered obey---obeyed want---wan ted
2?以不发音的-e结尾的动词只加 -I.
Move---moved hope--- hoped divide---divided
3. 字尾是辅音+y的动词。则将y改i加ed.
study-studied tidy---tidied satisfy--- satisfied
4.
闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加
stop- stopped regret--- regretted drop-dropped
以重读
-ed.
不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表
、AAA.（原形，过去式和过去分词一致）
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.


7.
8.
9.

10.
建筑
借出
花费
派遣
build
lend
spe nd
send
built
lent
spe nt
sent
built
lent
spe nt
sent
t或d
learnted
meant
burn ted
dreamted
dealt
heard
kept
slept
swept
花费
割
伤害
让
放
朗读
设置
打击，碰撞
关上门窗
让
cost
cut
hurt
let
put
read
set
hit
shut
let
cost
cut
hurt
let
put
read
set
hit
shut
let
cost
cut
hurt
let
put
read
set
hit
shut
let
4）过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加
11.
学会
12.
意思
13.
燃烧
13.
做梦
13.
处理

14.
lear n
mea n
burn
dream
deal
lear nted
meant
burnted
dreamted
dealt
hear heard
5）过去式、过去分词改为-ept
15.
16.
保持
睡觉
扫
keep
sleep
sweep
kept
slept
swept
-elt
听
二、ABB （过去式和过去分词一致）
1）过去式、过去分词含有-ought
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.


带来
买
打架
想
究
bring
buy
fight
thi nk
brought
bought
fought
thought
sought
brought
bought
fought
thought
sought

17.
6）过去式、过去分词改为
感觉
嗅
拼写
18.
19.

20.
feel
smell
spell
felt
smelted
spelted
fel
smelted
spelted
寻找、 探
seek
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2） 过去式、过去分词含有 -aught
5.
6.


7）过去式、过去分词改为-aid
caught
taught
20.

21.
抓住
教
catch
teach
caught
taught
孵蛋
说
lay
say
laid
said
laid
said
3）过去式、过去分词

-t替换原形-d
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22.
23.
支付
pay
sell
tell
paid paid
1.
sold
told
stood
un
derstood
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
」8.
9.
10.
击败
破坏
驾驶
吃
落下
给
生长
知道
吹
扔
展示
弄错
拿
摇动
说
选择
beat
break
drive
eat
fall
give
grow
know
blow
throw
show
mistake
take
shake
speak
choose
beat
broke
drove
ate
fell
gave
grew
knew
blew
threw
showed
mistook
took
shook
spoke
chose
beate n
broke n
driven
eate n
falle n
give n
grow n
known
blow n
throw n
show n
mistake n
take n
shaken
spoken
chosen
8）过去式、过去分词改为 -old
卖
告诉
站
sta nd
sold
told
stood

24.
25
26.
9）过去式、过去分词改为-ood
明 白
un dersta nd un derstood

10）其它变化
27.得到
28.坐
29.照顾
30.离开
31.失去
32.找到
33.有
34.握住，
召开
35.制造
36.悬挂
37.照耀
39.赢
40逃跑
41喂
42.引导，
导致
43遇见
1.
2.
3.

meet
变成
来
跑
met
became
come
met


get
sit
babysit
leave
lose
find
have(has)
hold
got
sat
babysat
left
lost
fou nd
had
held
got(gotte n)
sat
babysat
left
lost
found
had
held

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
make
hang
shine
win
flee
feed
lead
made
hung
shone
won
fled
fed
led
made
hung
sho ne
won
fled
fed
led
2）三种形式都有变
化
be(is, am;
是
1
are)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

14
was;
were
began
did
drank
flew
forgot
lay
rode
rang
sang
wore
swa n
wrote
went
bee n
开始
做:
喝
飞
忘记
躺
骑
打电话
唱
穿
游泳
写
去
begin
do
drink
fly
forget
lie
ride
ring
sing
wear
swim
write
go
begun
Done
drunk
flow n
forgotforgotte n
lain
ridde n
rung
sung
worn
swum
writte n
gone
三、ABA （过去式与原形一致）
become
came
become
come
run ran run
四、ABC （原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样）
1）.过去分词在过去式或原形后加 -n或-en

二、现在完成时标志词：
recen tly; recent years; these days years; lately; since; for+ 时间段； in the past few years; ever since; in the last five
mon ths; up to now; since the n; so far; ever; n ever, yet; once; twice; already; before; just
already已经):用于肯定句
I have already posted the letter .
yet(已经):用于否定句
，
疑问句
He hasn ' t done his homework yet.
just (刚刚)
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They have just left.
ever（曾 经）
Have you ever bee n to Beiji ng ?
n ever（从不）
I have n ever see n him .
before（以 前
）
Have you see n the film before?
si nee（自从…以来）
I ' ve worked in the school sin1999.
for（长达）
He' s lived in Shen zhe n for 6 years.
in the past several days weeks year在过去的 …）
reee ntly（最近）
I have not written to my parents reeently.
so far倒目前为止
）
So far she has lear ned 5 En glish son gs.
up to now（到目前为止
）
this morningmonthyear（今天早上 这个月 今年）
三、 现在完成时的用法
1）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作
,
并对现在有影响。常与 already（ just
（冈【J刚）,ever（曾经
）
等词连用.
Already , yet 的用法
already:常用于肯定句中.yet: 常用于否定句
，
疑问句尾.
Some one has broke n the wi ndow.窗户现在是坏的
）
I have already lost the key. （我现在没有钥匙
）
I haven ' t read that book .y不了解书的内容
）
I have just elea ned my han ds.（手是干净的）
3）现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与 for, since
从句连用.
since , for 的用法:
sinee:（自…以来
）
1） si nce+时间点
He has stayed here since 5' clock.
2） s in ce+ 时间段 + ago
He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.
3） since+ 从句
for:（长达）
fo叶时间段
He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
She has lear ned En glish for 5 years.
He has lived in Beiji ng since he was born .
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），
yet（ 已经）
引导的时间短语或
已经,

Have you stayed here since 3 o ' clock?
四、 havehas been to; havehas gone to; havehas been in
have has been to曾经去过某地，人已经回来了
have has gone to去了某地，人还没回来
have has bee n in去了某地并一直待在那
1. 我去过上海。 I have been to Shanghai twice.
2. ---Where is Jim? --He has gone to En gla nd （尚未回来）
3. I have bee n in Shan ghai for three years 我至 U上海已有三年了。
1、 现在完成时的完成用法
现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产 生了影响，
与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。
（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 --灯现在不亮了。
）
现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间
状语
（
女口： already， yet， before， recently 等
）
、频度时间状语
（
女口： never， ever，
once等
）
、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语
（
女口： this morning month year...， today等
）
连
用。
例如：Have you found your pen yet ?你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
2、 现在完成时的未完成用法
现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能 还要继续下
去。
例如：
1. He has lived here si nee 1978he moved here 自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。
（动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。
）
2. I have bee n in the army for more tha n 5 years.我 在部队已经呆了五年多了。
（动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。
）
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语
（
由since或for引导
）
，或表示与现在
时刻相连的时间状语
（
女口： up to now， so far到目前为止
）
等。
例如：I have heard nothi ng from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
3. 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用，瞬间动词转换成延续性动词：把动作换成状态
动作 状态 动作 状态
die be dead beg in be on
borrowbuy kepthad endfinish be over
leave be away join be in
arrive be here marry be married

例如：
1. 他的爷爷已经去世 2 年了。 His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.
2. Nick 参军 3 年了 . Nick has been in the army for 3 years
3. 他离开深圳好长时间了。 He has been away from She nzhe n for a long time.
4. 这本书我已借了 4 个月了 I have hadkept the book for 4 mon ths.
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五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
(1) 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是
过去分词。
如: The film started at 7 o'clock. He has been a teacher for many years.
助动词have has +
⑵
一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用 。如：yesterday, last week, two years ago, just now, in
2002 等 ； 而现在完成时贝U常与 just, already, ever, never 等副词和 these days, this week, since...,
for...since...ago up to nowso fai等表示一段时间的状语 连用。
(3 ) 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点只 在于陈述
一件过去的事情，不强调对 现在产生的影响。
如：He visited Guilin in 1998.他1998年参观过桂林。
(
只说明去桂林的时间
)
(4)现在完成时表示 动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果 。不与确定的过去时间
状语连用。 _
如：Jill has bought a new computer.吉尔买了一台新电脑。
(
着重点是现在有了一台新电脑
)
看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？
(A) Have you seen the film? (B)Did you see the film?
［说明］你看过这部电影吗？
(A) 句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；
(B) 句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
(A) He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. (B) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.
［说明］他在北京住了 8年。
(A) 句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。
(B) 句讲的是他在北京住过 8年，现在不在北京了。
练习
一、抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。
1. be -
2. come
3. go
4. do
5. have
6. drink
7. give
8. eat
9. know
10. run

12. see
13. find
14. draw
15. get
16. hear
17. beg in
-
-
-
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21 break
- 22 bring
23 build
24 bite
-
-
-
25 catch
26 choose
27 cut
28 fall
-
-
-
-
-
-
29 fly
30 forget
31 grow
32 hit
33 hurt
34 keep
35 lend
36 lose
37 meet
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

18. buy
19. leave
20 become
二、用 for 或 since 填空
-
-
-
38 put
39 read

40 ring
-
-
1. Mr. Brown has had his TV ______ 15 years.
2. I ' ve taken driving lessons ________ last month.
3. My sister has had her cell phone _______ a month .
4. My friends haven ' t visited me ____________ my birthday.
5. We haven' t used ouarrc ______ a long time .
6. She hasn ' t had a good cup of coffee _______ years.
7. Tom has worn glasses ________ he was 7 years old.
8. Jill has been in Ireland ________ Monday.
9. Mr. Jason has been in Paris _______ three days.
10. My aunt has lived in Australia _____ 15days.
11. Margaret is in her office. She has been there ______ 7 o ' clock.
12. India has been an independent country _____ 1974.
13. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _____ many years.
14. Mike has been ill _______ a long time. He has been in hospital ____ October.
三、改写句子，使原句的意思不变，每空一词。
1. The English professor arrived here about a week ago
The English professor _________ ___________ here for about a week .
2. Her husband started to work on the farm three hours ago .
Her husband ____________ ____________ on the farm for three hours .
3. The French musician came to China last month , and he is still here .
The French musician ___________ ___________ ____________ China for a month .
4. He joined the army in 1985 .
He __________ __________ _________ the army ________ 1985 .
5. He joined the League half a year ago .
He has been a League ___________ ___________ half a year .
6. The bus left five minutes ago .
The bus __________ already _________ __________ for five minutes .
7. The girl bought a new school bag in September .
The girl ___________ _________ the school bag since September .
8. The shop closed last winter .
The shop _________ ____________ ____________ since last winter .
9. The film began ten minutes ago .
The film __________ _________ ___________ for ten minutes .
10. The dog died two days ago .
The dog __________ ____________ ____________ for two days .
11. The meeting ended last __________ month .
The meeting __________ _________ _____________ for a month .
四、用 havehas been to, havehas gone to 填空：
1. _____________________________________ — Where is your brother? —He the shop. He 'll
be back soon.
2. — __________ you ever _______ to America?—Yes, I __________ New York twice.
3. —Here you are at last! Where _______ you ________ ? —I ____________ London.
4. —David _____________ Australia. — I ' m sure he ' s already arrived.
5. —Is Benny here?—No, he _____________ the school library. He left five minutes ago.
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五、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I ____________ (wait) for him for two hours . I am very angry.
2. He ________ (be) a doctor since he was twenty.
3. The film ________ (be) on for fifteen minutes.
4. ______ you ever _______ (read) that book before?
5. ______ you ever _______ (try) to change her?
6. No one ___________ (arrive) here yet.
7. _________ the bus ___________ (leave) yet?
8. I _____________ (not talk) to him yet.
9. I _________ already ___________ (make) the bed.
10. They ________ just __________ (go). They will be back soon.
11. When ________ you ____________ (meet) him ? Last night or this morning?
12. She _____________ (not come) here recently .
13. She _________ (never see) the man before .
14. I ___________ (meet) him before, but I forget his name.
15. It is eleven o ck. 'Hecl_o ___________ (not come) back yet.
16. He ______________ (write) five stories so far .
17. She _____________ (be) a teacher for ten years , she likes her job very much.
18. __________ she ____________ (call) on you lately ?
选择题
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ___________ what's happened to him .
A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know

2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he
A. already B. never C. ever
D. still
3、 Have you met Mr Li ______ ？
A. just B. ago C. before
D. a moment ago
4、The famous writer ____ one new book in the past two year .
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written
5、— Our country _____ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even _____ .
A. has changed well B. changed good
C. has changed better D. changed better
6、Zhao Lan _____ already ______ in this school for two years .
A. was studying B. will study C. has studied
7、We _____ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I _____ it twice .
A. will see B. have seen C. saw
9、— These farmers have been to the United States .
— Really ? When ____ there ?
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go
10、— ______ you ___ your homework yet ?
— Yes . I ___ it a moment ago .

D. are studying
D. knew
D. see
D. have they gone
A. Did do finished B. Have done finished
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C. Have done have fini shed D. will do finish
11、 His father _____ the Party si nee 1978 .
C. was in
A. joined B. has joined
12、 一Do you know him well ?
ten years ago .
— Sure .We _________ friends since
C. have become
A. were B. have bee n
—About two mon ths .
A. been B. gone
D. has bee n in
D. have made
13、 — How long have you ___ here ?
D. arrived
C. come ten
minutes .
D. began
14、 Hurry up! The play __________ for
been on
B. had begun
army .
15、
A. has begun
It ____ ten
years since he left the B.
D. was
has
C. will
A. is
16、 Miss Green
isn't in the office . she_
____ to the library .
D. has been
B. went
C. will go
gone
17、 My parents _____ Shandong for ten years .
D. have been
A. have bee n in B. have bee n to C. have gone to
18、 The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
D. haven ' t they
A. so they B. don ' t they C. have they

19、 _ has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
20、His un cle __ for more tha n 9 years.
B. has started to work
A. has come here
C. has lived there D. has left the uni versity
21. ___ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.
A. Did ???copy?…did B. Have ?…copied ???have
D. Did …copy …had
C. Have …copied …did
22. You ____ me wait ing for two hours. I ____ for you since five.
A. kept …waited B. have kept …waited
C. kept ?…have waited D. have kept --have waited
D. Have …been in
D. has bee n at
23. _____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.

A. Have …gone to B. Have …gon^n
C. Have …been to
24. My brother ___ college for over three years.
A. has gone to B. has bee n to C. has bee n in
25. -I have seen the film “ Titanic ” already.
-Whe n _________ you __________ i?
-The day before yesterday.
A. have； seen B. will ； see C. did ； see
D. did seen
26. Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.
A. lived B. has lived C. lives D. is going to live
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