英语反义疑问句及现在完成时态讲解

反意疑问句讲解
1. 前肯（定）+后否（定）？
一、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词在时态上应和陈述部分
的时态一致。如： 1。You can do it, can’t you?
are very late for the meeting, aren’t they?
has supper at home every day, doesn’t he? (不能用
hasn’t he?)
have known the matter, haven’t they?
will go to town soon, won’t they?
worked very hard, didn’t he?
他过去工作很努力，对吧？
Yes, he did. No, he didn’t.
是的，他很努力。 不，他工作不努力。
二．前否（定）+后肯（定）？
反意疑问句的陈述部分含有not no，nothing,
no one, never, hardly, little, few，seldom等表否定的词。
变反意疑问句时要用前否（定）+后肯（定）？
如： isn’t playing football now, is he?
never tells a lie, does she?(不用doesn’t she?)
3.I have few books, do I?
4, He was seldom late, was he?(不用wasn’t he?)
is little water in the bag, is there?
g is in the room, is it?
房间里什么也没有，是吗?
7,The boys and girls have never been to Chongqing,
have they? 孩子们从未去过重庆，对吧？
三．由un-, im-, in-, dis-, 等否定意义的前缀构成的词语
时，陈述部分要视为肯定含义，问句部分用否定形式。
如： ①Your father is unhappy, isn’t he?(不能用is he?)
②The man is dishonest, isn’t he? (不能用is he?)
③It is impossible to learn English without remembering
more words, isn’t it?(不能用is it ?)
四．反意疑问句的陈述部分为I am…时，问句部分习惯上
用aren’t I？表示。如：
I am a very honest man, aren’t I?
五．反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) think(believe, suppose,
consider) + that从句时，问句部分的动词及主语与that
从句内的动词和主语保持一致。如：
①I think that he has done his best, hasn’t he?
②We think that English is very useful, isn’t it? (不用don’t
we?)
八．反意疑问句的陈述部分为I(We) don’t think(believe,
suppose, consider)+ that从 句时，从句为否定意义，问
句部分的动词和主语仍与that从句保持一致且用肯定
式。如：
①I don’t think that you can do it, can you? (不用do I?)
②We don’t believe that the news is true, is it? (不用do
we?)
九．反意疑问句的陈述部分为非第一人称主语+
think(believe, suppose, consider) + that从句时，问句部分
的动词和主语与陈述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。
如： ①They all think that English is very important, don’t
they? (不用isn’t it?)
②He didn’t think that the news was true, did he? (不用
wasn’t was it?)
十、反意疑问句的陈述部分为主语+said( told, reported,
asked……) + that从句时，问句部分的动词和主语与陈
述部分的主句动词和主语保持一致。如：
①They said that you had finished your work, didn’t they?
(不用hadn’t you)
②Kate told you that she would go there, didn’t she? (不用
wouldn’t she?)
十一、陈述部分的主语为不定代词something, anything,
nothing, everything时，问句部分的主语用it。如：
① Something is wrong with the computer, isn’t it?
② Nothing has happened to them, has it?
十二、陈述部分的主语为不定代词somebody(someone),
anybody(anyone), nobody(no one), everybody(everyone)时，
问句部分的主语用he或 they，这时问句动词的数应和he
或 they一致。如： ①Someone has taken the seat, hasn’t he?
③ Everyone has done their best in the game, haven’t
they?
十三。This is a pen , isn’t it?(不能说isn’t this ?)
That is a book,, isn’t it ? (不能说isn’t that ?)
These Those are maps, aren’t they ?
(不能说aren’t these those?)
十四、陈述部分为Let us……时，问句部分习惯上用will
you?形式。如： Let us stop to rest, will you?
十五、陈述部分为Let’s……时，问句部分习惯上用shall we?
形式。如： Let’s go home together, shall we?
十六、陈述部分用上述情况以外的祈使句时，问句部分一
般用will you?形式表示请求，用won’t you？形式表示
委婉请求或邀请。如：
①Do sit down, won’t you? will you?
Please open the window, will you?(won’t you?)
十七、陈述部分为否定祈使句时，问句部分一般用will you?
形式。如： Don’t make any noise, will you?
十八、陈述部分为There (Here) + be + 主语时，问句部分
用动词+there(here)?形式。如：
①There are two cakes on the plate, aren’t there?
②Here is a story about Mark Twain, isn’t here?
十九、陈述部分用had better +原形动词表示建议时，问句
部分用hadn’t +主语？形式。
①You’d better tell him about the matter, hadn’t you?
②We had better do it by ourselves, hadn’t we?
二十、陈述部分用used to +主语时，问句部分用didn’t + 主
语？或usedn’t +主语？形式。 如：
①He used to live in the country, didn’t he?usedn’t he?
②They used to be good friends, didn’t they?usedn’t they?
二十一、陈述部分的主语为动名词或不定式时，问句的主
语用it代替。如：
①To do one good deed is easy for a person, isn't it?
②Skating is your favorite sport, isn't it?
二十二。反义疑问句的回答
door is open now, isn’t it ? Yes ,it is.
门现在是开着的，是吗? 是的，是开着的。
girl hasn’t been to Chongqing ,has she ?
Yes, she has. No, she hasn’t.
这个女孩没来过重庆，对吗是吗?
不，来过。 是的，没来过
has little money, _____ _____?他几乎没钱了,对吗?
Yes, _______ _________.不，他有钱。
______,_______ _______ . 是的，他几乎没钱了。

初中英语现在完成时的用法及专项练习
have(has)+过去分词 < br>1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生活或完成的动作
或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就 是说,动作或状态
发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
2. 现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续
到现在的情况,常与for ,since连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
3. 现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如
already, yet, just, before, recently, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet
4. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often,
sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:
Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
5. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状
语连用,如now, up to these few daysweeksmonthsyears,
this morningweekmonthyear, now, just, today, up to
present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus
of the atom.
There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two
countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
6. 现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果
或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但 是有一些现在完成时的
句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表
示延续性 .
Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas
began to study Russian three years ago, and is still
studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句)
7. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这
段时间内重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.
===================
现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”
1.现在完成时的完成用法
现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时
刻并已 结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具
有因果关系。
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结
束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该
时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语 (如 ：already，yet，
before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never， ever，
once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状 语(如：this
morning ／ month ／year...，today等)连用。
例如： Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔
了吗？
2.现在完成时的未完 成用法
现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一
时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要 继续下去。
例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年 以来，他
一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可
能还要继续住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队
已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，
有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since
或for引导)，或表示与现在时 刻相连的时间状语(如：up
to now，so far)等。
例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为
止我没有他的任何消息。
注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于 延续性动词，
不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动
词。如：come，go， arrive，leave，join，become，die
等。
(2)现在完成时常见两种句型：
①主语＋have has been＋for短语
②It is＋一段时间＋ since从句
例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is
three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了

现在完成时专项练习
一、单项选择。
1、Both his parents look sad .
Maybe they _________what's happened to him .（呼和
浩特）
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must
know Ｄ.will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?

Ａ. already Ｂ.never Ｃ.ever Ｄ. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
Ａ. just Ｂ. ago Ｃ.before Ｄ. a
moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the
past two year .
Ａ.
is writing Ｂ.was writing Ｃ.wrote Ｄ.has writt
en
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. has changed well Ｂ. changed
good
Ｃ. has changed
better Ｄ. changed better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school
for two years .
Ａ. was studying Ｂ. will study
Ｃ. has studied Ｄ. are studying

7、We ______
Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
Ａ. know Ｂ. had known Ｃ.
have known Ｄ. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it
twice .

Ａ. will see Ｂ. have seen Ｃ. saw Ｄ.see
9、
—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
Ａ. will they go Ｂ. did they go

Ｃ. do they go Ｄ. have they gone
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
Ａ. Did do finished Ｂ. Have
done finished
Ｃ. Have done have finished Ｄ. will
do finish
11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
Ａ. joined Ｂ. has joined Ｃ. was
in Ｄ. has been in
12、—Do you know him well ?
— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years
ago .
Ａ. were Ｂ. have been Ｃ. have
become Ｄ. have made
13、—How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months .

Ａ. been Ｂ. gone Ｃ. come Ｄ. arrived
14、Hurry up! The play __________
for ten minutes .
Ａ. has begun Ｂ. had begun
Ｃ. has been on Ｄ. began
15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .

Ａ. is Ｂ. has Ｃ. will Ｄ. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office .
she_______ to the library .
Ａ.has gone Ｂ.
went Ｃ.will go Ｄ. has been
17、My parents
______ Shandong for ten years .
Ａ. have been in Ｂ.
have been to
Ｃ. have gone to Ｄ. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D.
haven’t they
19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener
China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got
C. How long, came D. How far,
arrived
20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to
work
C. has lived there D. has left the
university
二、句型转换。
1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问
句）
2、They have been here since 2000. (对划线部分提
问)
have they been here?
3、The old man _________ last year.
He for a year. (die) （动词填空）
4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转
换)
This factory ________ for twenty years.
5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)
Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ________ an
hour ago.
6、Her mother has been a Party member for three
years .（同义句）
Her mother _______
the Party three years ________ .
7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.
(同义句转换)
_______ two years ________ the Green family
moved to France.
8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes
ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子)
___________________________________________

三、汉译英。
1、 吉姆已做完作业，他现在有空了。

2、 他昨天收到一封信。

3、 我父亲以前到过长城。

4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。

5、 她去过上海。

6、 他这些天上哪儿去了？

参考答案：
一、单项选择。
1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动 作对现在造成
的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或
将来，重点在于对现在的 影响。这种考查难度较大，往往
无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根
据上下 文分析、推理，正确答案是Ｂ。
2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），
before（以前），yet（ 仍然）等连用。故2应选B。
3、C
4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到
目前为止），in the past“last + 一段时间”等时间状语连
用。因为上述短语表示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时
间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持 续到现在
的。故4应选D。
5、C
6、现在完成时时常与“for +时间段或since +过去时
间点”连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。
7、C
8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），
three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复
次数的词语连用。故8应选B。
9、现在完成时与一般过去时 容易混淆，就是因为它
们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过
去时表示过去某 个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生
的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在
没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关系的发生在过去的
动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yes terday ,
last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为
B。
10、B
11、现在完成时中，非延续性 动词不能与for和since
引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性
动词来 代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。
12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。
16、“havehas gone to + 地点”表示“某人去了某地
（还未回来）”，指主语所指的人不在这儿。
“havehas been in + 地点”表示“在某地呆了多长时间”，
常与表示时间的状语连用。“havehas been to +地点”表
示“曾经去过某地（但现在已不在那儿）。”故16的正确
答案为A。
17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C
二、句型转换。
1、has he? 2、How long 3、died, has
been dead
4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；
ago
7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten
minutes.
三、汉译英。
1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He
is free now.
2、He received a letter yesterday.
3、My father has been to the Great Wall before.
4、She hasn't seen the new film yet.
5、She has been to Shanghai.
6、Where has he been these days？
现在完成时专项练习
一、根据下列所给问题，选出恰当的答案。
’s never seen Chinese films, ?
’t she she ’t she she
2.—Mum, may I go out and play basketball?
-- you your homework yet?
,finish ,finishing ,finish
ve,finished
the CD player for two weeks.
lent borrowed
bought had
4.I from him since he left.
’t receive ’t got ’t
have ’t heard
5.—Have you ever Lintong to see the Terra
Cotta Warriors?---Yes,I have.
to to in to
parents Shandong for ten years.
been in been to gone
to been
7.I won’t go to the concert because I my ticket.
’t lose lost coming
二．用所给单词的适当形式天空。
1.I (be)to shanghai for several time.
you (do)yesterday?
3.I (make)a cake.
(make)a kite,have you?
5.--- you to Beijing?(be)----yes,I have.
三．
1 In English class,Li Ming____(study)English words
every day.
Yesterday we____(study)the word
They______(study) the word
can use it!
2 My mother_____(tell)me the story before.
3 _____(teach)us a lot about social studies
since September.
4 The young man______(write)three bopks in the past
two of them are very
_______(write)the first one in 2001.
5 She______(paint)pictures for ten years.
参 考 答 案
1→7 B D D D D A C
been ,do 3.→am making ’t
made ,been.
1 studies studied have studied 2 told
taught painted