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动词的完成时态练习

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-30 08:38
tags:完成时态

海豚英语发音-resist

2020年10月30日发(作者:苍崖)






































Step1 Revision







动词的进行时态
1


1. Check up homework.
2. Revise what was taught last time and ask some students to translate some sentences or
answer some questions.
Step2 Unfolding
延续性动词
一、延续性动词和非延续性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand, lie,
know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
非 延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即
结束。 如:open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征
1. 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示“时间段”的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间(eg: for two years), since从句(eg: since he came here), since+
时间点名词(eg: since last year), during the past three years, how long, for a long time等。
例:I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学习英语了。
2. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“时间点”状语连用。
如:It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误)rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示“时间点”,前后显
然矛盾。
如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin, get等非延续性动词来表示。上句可
改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.
又如以下这段对话:
-When did you get to know Jack? 你什么时候认识Jack的?
-Two years ago. 两年前。
-Then you've known each other for more than two years. 也就是说你们俩认识两年多了。
-That's right. 没错。
非延续性动词

1. 非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The train has arrived. 火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group? 你加入电脑小组了吗?
2. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不 可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定
句)。如:
(1) 他死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2) 他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.

2


( 1)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续性动词,不能与表示“时间段”的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表
达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
a. 将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。
下面列举几例:
leave→be away,
borrow→keep,
buy→have,
beginstart→be on,
die→be dead,
move to→live in,
finish→be over,
join→be inbe a member of,
open sth.→keep sth. open,
fall ill→be ill,
get up→be up,
catch a cold→have a cold。
b. 将句中表示“时间段”的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
c. 用句型段时间+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
d. 用句型时间+has passed+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3. 非延续性动 词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示“时间段”的状语连
用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986. 从1986年以来他就没离开过这里。
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks. 我已经两周没收到我父亲的来信了。
4. 非延续性 动词的否定式与untiltill连用,构成终止性动词+untiltill...的句型,意为“直到……
才……”。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive. 直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight. 今天晚上直到我画完画,我才去睡觉。
5. 非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中, 但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句
中。

因为when表示的时间可以是 “时间点”(从句谓语动词用非延续性动词),也可以是“时间段”(从句谓
语动词用延续性动词);而 while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词要用延续性动词。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock.(reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter whilewhen we are away.(be away为延续性动词短语)
6. 终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定句)。如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?


浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词
一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work, stand,

3


lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种 动作发生后
立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现 在完成时,其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。表示段时间的短
语有:for two years, duringin the pastlast three years, since last year, how long等。如:
I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。如:
It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误)
rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示点时间,前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,
可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at eight yesterday
morning.(正)又如:
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不 能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定
式)。如:
(1)他死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示段时间的状语连用。那么,应如 何正确表
达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词 ,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:
leave→be away(from),
borrow→keep,
buy→have,
beginstart→be on,
die→be dead,
move to→live in,
finishend→be over,

4


join→be inbe a member of,
open sth.→keep sth. open,
fall ill→be ill,
get up→be up,
catch a cold→have a cold,
close ----be closed,
open-----be open,
come togo to----be in(on,at),
wake----be awake,
fall asleepget to sleep----be asleep,
turn on sth. -----sth. be on ,
turn off sth.----sth. be off,
returncome backget backgo back----be back,
get back(取回)----have back,
reacharrive in (at)get to----be in(on,at),
get to know----know,
getturnbecome(系动词)-----be,
hear fromget(receive) a letter from-----have a letter from .
(2)将句中表示段时间的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方
式。
(3)用句型段时间+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型时间+has passed+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3.终止性动 词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语
连用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.终止性动词的否定式与untiltill连用,构成终止性动词+untiltill ...的句型,意为直到……
才……。如:
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡
觉。
5.终止性动词可以用于wh en引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。
when表示的时间是点 时间从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是段时间从句谓语动词用延续性
动词)。而while表示的 是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter whilewhen we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:
误:How long have you come here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?



延继性动词和终止性动词巩固练习

5


1. When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus ______ for two hours.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
2. I ______ the League for five years so far.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. join
3. The factory ______ since the February of 1995.
A. has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
4. Mary and Rose ______ friends since they met in London in 1998.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
5. You mustn't ______ until he comes back.
A. be away B. leave C. be left D. have been
6. The meeting ______ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. has been in
7. Miss Gao______this school since 1996.
A. has come to B. came to C. has taught been in
8. Ben ______ a teacher for early three years.
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
9. I ______ home for a week up to now.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D. were
10. How long ________ Mr Smith ________?
A. did; die B. was; dead C. was; dying D. has; been dead
11. When I ______ in Beijing, it was raining hard.
A. got B. reached C. arrived D. was
12. Tom ______ the car for two months.
A. has had B. bought C. has bought D. had got
13. -How long ______ you ______?
-Two weeks.
A. did; all ill B. have; fallen ill C. were; ill D. have; been ill
14. Since 1942 he ______ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away from
C. has been away from D. moved away from
15. I'll lend you the bike, but you can only ______ it for two days.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. take
16. The bus ______ on the road for an hour.
A. has stopped B. stopped C. is stopping D. has been
17. Are you ______ the jacket these days?
A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. pulling on

同义句转换
1. My cousins fell asleep 10 minutes ago.
My cousins _____ ______ ______ for 10 minutes.
2..The paper factory opened in 1999.
The paper factory ______ ______ ______ since 1999.
3. Mr. Smile borrowed the book 3 days ago.
Mr. Smile ______ ______ for 3 days.

6


4. I bought the piano the year before last year..
I ______ ______ the piano since the year before last year.
5. The film began half an hour ago.
The film ______ ______ for half an hour.
6The baby caught a cold last night.
The baby ______ ______ a cold since last night.
grandfather died 2 years ago.
Her grandfather ______ ______ ______ for 2 years.
man became a doctor in 2000.
The man ______ ______ a doctor since 20000.
9..My uncle joined the football team last year.
My uncle ______ ______ ______ ______ of the football team since last year.
got to Shanghai 4 months ago.
They ______ ______ ______ for 4 months.
left the company at ten past eight.
He ______ ______ ______ ______ the company since ten past eight.
Whites came to Hongkong in 1997.
The Whites ______ ______ ______ Hongkong since 1997.
class ended 5 minutes ago.
The class ______ ______ ______ for 5 minutes.
14.I put on the coat at 9 O’clock.
I ______ ______ the coat since 9 o’clock.


Step4. Summary
Summarize what was taught this time.
Homework
抄写词组


7

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错误的-change的过去式


谦让的意思-槽型板


broken是什么意思中文翻译-刻舟求剑的近义词


介质是什么意思-同母异父有血缘关系吗


排他性-六年级数学题及答案


吃劲什么意思-表示拿的词语


shank汉化-高中英语人教版必修三单词表



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