海豚英语发音-resist
Step1
Revision
动词的进行时态
1
1. Check up
homework.
2. Revise what was taught last time
and ask some students to translate some sentences
or
answer some questions.
Step2 Unfolding
延续性动词
一、延续性动词和非延续性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn,
work, stand, lie,
know, walk, keep, have,
wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
非
延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即
结束。
如:open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive,
reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征
1.
延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示“时间段”的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间(eg: for two years),
since从句(eg: since he came here),
since+
时间点名词(eg: since last year), during the
past three years, how long, for a long time等。
例:I have learned English since I came here.
自从我来到这儿就学习英语了。
2. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“时间点”状语连用。
如:It raind at eight yesterday
morning.(误)rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示“时间点”,前后显
然矛盾。
如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,可以借助come, begin,
get等非延续性动词来表示。上句可
改为:It began to rain at eight
yesterday morning.
又如以下这段对话:
-When did you
get to know Jack? 你什么时候认识Jack的?
-Two years
ago. 两年前。
-Then you've known each other for
more than two years. 也就是说你们俩认识两年多了。
-That's
right. 没错。
非延续性动词
1.
非延续性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The train has
arrived. 火车到了。
Have you joined the computer
group? 你加入电脑小组了吗?
2. 非延续性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不
可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定
句)。如:
(1) 他死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has
been dead for three years.
正:He died three
years ago.
正:It is three years since he died.
正:Three years has passed since he died.
(2) 他来这儿五天了。
误:He has come here for five
days.
正:He has been here for five days.
正:He came here five days ago.
正:It is five
days since he came here.
正:Five days has
passed since he came here.
2
(
1)、(2)句中的die、come为非延续性动词,不能与表示“时间段”的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表
达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
a.
将句中非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。
下面列举几例:
leave→be away,
borrow→keep,
buy→have,
beginstart→be on,
die→be dead,
move
to→live in,
finish→be over,
join→be inbe a
member of,
open sth.→keep sth. open,
fall
ill→be ill,
get up→be up,
catch a
cold→have a cold。
b.
将句中表示“时间段”的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
c. 用句型段时间+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
d. 用句型时间+has
passed+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3. 非延续性动
词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示“时间段”的状语连
用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
从1986年以来他就没离开过这里。
I haven't heard from my
father for two weeks. 我已经两周没收到我父亲的来信了。
4. 非延续性
动词的否定式与untiltill连用,构成终止性动词+untiltill...的句型,意为“直到……
才……”。如:
You can't leave here until I
arrive. 直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed
until I finish drawing the picture tonight.
今天晚上直到我画完画,我才去睡觉。
5. 非延续性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中,
但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句
中。
因为when表示的时间可以是
“时间点”(从句谓语动词用非延续性动词),也可以是“时间段”(从句谓
语动词用延续性动词);而
while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词要用延续性动词。如:
When we
reached London, it was twelve
o'clock.(reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my
daughter whilewhen we are away.(be away为延续性动词短语)
6. 终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定句)。如:
误:How
long have you come here?
正:How long have you
been here?
正:When did you come here?
浅谈延续性动词和终止性动词
一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work,
stand,
3
lie, know, walk,
keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live,
stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种
动作发生后
立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come,
go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move,
borrow,buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现
在完成时,其完成时态可与表示段时间的状语连用。表示段时间的短
语有:for two
years, duringin the pastlast three years, since
last year, how long等。如:
I have learned English
since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的点时间状语连用。如:
It raind at eight
yesterday morning.(误)
rain为延续性动词,而at
eight表示点时间,前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,
可以借助come,
begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:It began to rain at
eight yesterday
morning.(正)又如:
-When did
you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two
years.
-That's right.
三、终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
The
train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the
computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗?
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不
能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定
式)。如:
(1)他死了三年了。
误:He has died for three years.
正:He has been dead for three years.
正:He died three years ago.
正:It is three
years since he died.
正:Three years has
passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误:He
has come here for five days.
正:He has been
here for five days.
正:He came here five days
ago.
正:It is five days since he came here.
正:Five days has passed since he came here.
(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词,不能与表示段时间的状语连用。那么,应如
何正确表
达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词
,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例:
leave→be away(from),
borrow→keep,
buy→have,
beginstart→be
on,
die→be dead,
move to→live in,
finishend→be over,
4
join→be inbe a member of,
open
sth.→keep sth. open,
fall ill→be ill,
get
up→be up,
catch a cold→have a cold,
close
----be closed,
open-----be open,
come togo
to----be in(on,at),
wake----be awake,
fall
asleepget to sleep----be asleep,
turn on sth.
-----sth. be on ,
turn off sth.----sth. be
off,
returncome backget backgo back----be
back,
get back(取回)----have back,
reacharrive in (at)get to----be in(on,at),
get
to know----know,
getturnbecome(系动词)-----be,
hear fromget(receive) a letter from-----have a
letter from .
(2)将句中表示段时间的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方
式。
(3)用句型段时间+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型时间+has
passed+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3.终止性动
词可用于现在完成时否定式中,成为可以延续的状态,因而可与表示一段时间的状语
连用。如:
He hasn't left here since 1986.
I
haven't heard from my father for two weeks.
4.终止性动词的否定式与untiltill连用,构成终止性动词+untiltill
...的句型,意为直到……
才……。如:
You can't leave here
until I arrive.直到我到了,你才能离开这里。
I will not go
to bed until I finish drawing the picture
tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画,我才上床睡
觉。
5.终止性动词可以用于wh
en引导的时间状语从句中,但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。
when表示的时间是点
时间从句谓语动词用终止性动词),也可以是段时间从句谓语动词用延续性
动词)。而while表示的
是一个较长的时间或过程,从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如:
When we reached
London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter whilewhen we are
away. (be away为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与how
long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:
误:How long have you come
here?
正:How long have you been here?
正:When did you come here?
延继性动词和终止性动词巩固练习
5
1. When
Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus ______ for
two hours.
A. has left B. had left C. has
been away D. had been away
2. I ______ the
League for five years so far.
A. joined B.
have joined C. have been in D. join
3. The
factory ______ since the February of 1995.
A. has been open B. has opened C. was open D.
opened
4. Mary and Rose ______ friends since
they met in London in 1998.
A. have made B.
have been C. made D. have become
5. You
mustn't ______ until he comes back.
A. be
away B. leave C. be left D. have been
6.
The meeting ______ for a week now.
A. has
finished B. has ended C. has been over D. has been
in
7. Miss Gao______this school since 1996.
A. has come to B. came to C. has taught
been in
8. Ben ______ a teacher for early
three years.
A. has been B. has become C.
was D. became
9. I ______ home for a week up
to now.
A. have returned B. have been back
C. returned D. were
10. How long ________ Mr
Smith ________?
A. did; die B. was; dead
C. was; dying D. has; been dead
11. When I
______ in Beijing, it was raining hard.
A.
got B. reached C. arrived D. was
12. Tom
______ the car for two months.
A. has had
B. bought C. has bought D. had got
13.
-How long ______ you ______?
-Two weeks.
A. did; all ill B. have; fallen ill C.
were; ill D. have; been ill
14. Since 1942
he ______ his hometown.
A. has left B.
has moved away from
C. has been away
from D. moved away from
15. I'll lend you
the bike, but you can only ______ it for two days.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. take
16.
The bus ______ on the road for an hour.
A.
has stopped B. stopped C. is stopping D. has
been
17. Are you ______ the jacket these
days?
A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing
D. pulling on
同义句转换
1. My cousins
fell asleep 10 minutes ago.
My cousins _____
______ ______ for 10 minutes.
2..The paper
factory opened in 1999.
The paper factory
______ ______ ______ since 1999.
3. Mr. Smile
borrowed the book 3 days ago.
Mr. Smile ______
______ for 3 days.
6
4. I
bought the piano the year before last year..
I
______ ______ the piano since the year before last
year.
5. The film began half an hour ago.
The film ______ ______ for half an hour.
6The baby caught a cold last night.
The
baby ______ ______ a cold since last night.
grandfather died 2 years ago.
Her grandfather
______ ______ ______ for 2 years.
man became
a doctor in 2000.
The man ______ ______ a
doctor since 20000.
9..My uncle joined the
football team last year.
My uncle ______
______ ______ ______ of the football team since
last year.
got to Shanghai 4 months ago.
They ______ ______ ______ for 4 months.
left the company at ten past eight.
He ______
______ ______ ______ the company since ten past
eight.
Whites came to Hongkong in 1997.
The Whites ______ ______ ______ Hongkong since
1997.
class ended 5 minutes ago.
The
class ______ ______ ______ for 5 minutes.
14.I
put on the coat at 9 O’clock.
I ______ ______
the coat since 9 o’clock.
Step4.
Summary
Summarize what was taught this time.
Homework
抄写词组
7