最新中考初中语法现在完成时态讲解及练习

中考初中语法现在完成时态讲解及练习
一、现在完成时的构成
肯定句：主语+have has + done (过去分词)+其它
He has lived in Shenzhen for 4 years.
一般疑问句：Have Has +主语+ done (过去分词)+其它
Has he lived in Shenzhen for 4 years?
否定句: 主语+have has+ not + done (过去分词)+其它
He has not finished his homework.
过去分词的构成方法如下 :
1.一般情况下，直接在动词原形后面加 –ed.
work---worked answer---answered obey---obeyed want---wanted
2.以不发音的 -e 结尾的动词只加 –d.
Move---moved hope---hoped divide---divided
3.字尾是辅音+y的动词。则将y改i加ed.
study---studied tidy---tidied satisfy---satisfied
4.以重读闭音节结尾的词，这些词的末尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写这个辅音字母，再加 –ed.
stop---stopped regret--- regretted drop--- dropped
不规则动词过去式与过去分词分类记忆表

一、AAA. （原形，过去式和过去分词一致）
1.
花费
cost cost cost
2.
割
cut cut cut
3.
伤害
hurt hurt hurt
4.
让
let let let
5.
放
put put put
6.
朗读
read read read
7.
设置
set set set
8.
打击，碰撞
hit hit hit
9.
关上门窗
shut shut shut
10.
让
let let let

二、ABB（过去式和过去分词一致）
1) 过去式、过去分词含有-ought
1.
带来
bring brought brought
2.
买
buy bought bought
3.
打架
fight fought fought
4.
想
think thought thought
5.
寻找、
seek sought sought
探究
2) 过去式、过去分词含有-aught
5.
抓住
catch caught caught
6.
教
teach taught taught
3) 过去式、过去分词-t替换原形-d
7.
建筑
build built built
8.
借出
lend lent lent
9.
花费
spend spent spent
10.
派遣
send sent sent
4) 过去式、过去分词在原形词尾加t或d
11.
学会
learn learnted learnted
12.
意思
mean meant meant
13.
燃烧
burn burnted burnted
13.
做梦
dream dreamted dreamted
13.
处理
deal dealt dealt
14.
听
hear heard heard
5） 过去式、过去分词改为-ept
15.
保持
keep kept kept
16.
睡觉
sleep slept slept
17.
扫
sweep swept swept
6） 过去式、过去分词改为-elt

18.
感觉
feel felt fel
19.
嗅
smell smelted smelted
20.
拼写
spell spelted spelted
7) 过去式、过去分词改为-aid


20.
孵蛋
lay laid laid
21.
说
say said said
22.
支付
pay paid paid
8) 过去式、过去分词改为-old
23.
卖
sell sold sold
24.
告诉
tell told told
9) 过去式、过去分词改为-ood
25
站
stand stood stood
26.
明
understand understood understood
白

10) 其它变化
27.得到
get got got(gotten)
28.坐
sit sat sat
29.照顾
babysit babysat babysat
30.离开
leave left left
31.失去
lose lost lost
32.找到
find found found
33.有
have(has) had had
34.握住，
hold held held
召开
35.制造
make made made
36.悬挂
hang hung hung
37.照耀
shine shone shone
39.赢
win won won
40逃跑
flee fled fled
41喂
feed fed fed
42.引导，
lead led led
导致
43遇见
meet met met
三、ABA （过去式与原形一致）
1.
变成
became become become
2.
来
come came come
3.
跑
run ran run
四、ABC （原形、过去式、过去分词各不一样）
1). 过去分词在过去式或原形后加-n或-en


1.
击败
beat beat beaten
2.
破坏
break broke broken
3.
驾驶
drive drove driven
4.
吃
eat ate eaten
5.
落下
fall fell fallen
6.
给
give gave given

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
生长
知道
吹
扔
展示
弄错
拿
摇动
说
选择
grow
know
blow
throw
show
take
shake
speak
choose
grew
knew
blew
threw
grown
known
blown
thrown
showed shown
took
shook
spoke
chose
taken
shaken
spoken
chosen
mistake mistook mistaken

2)三种形式都有变化
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
是
开始
做
喝
飞
忘记
躺
骑
唱
穿
游泳
写
去
be(is,
are)
begin
do
drink
fly
forget
lie
ride
sing
wear
swim
write
go
am; was;
were
began
did
drank
flew
forgot
lay
rode
rang
sang
wore
swan
wrote
went
been
begun
Done
drunk
flown
forgotforgotten
lain
ridden
rung
sung
worn
swum
written
gone
打电话
ring

二、现在完成时标志词：
recently; recent years; these days years; lately; since; for+时间段； in the past few years; ever since; in
the last five months; up to now; since then; so far; ever; never, yet; once; twice; already; before; just
already (已经): 用于肯定句
I have already posted the letter .
yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句
He hasn’t done his homework yet.
just(刚刚)
They have just left.
ever(曾经)
Have you ever been to Beijing ?
never(从不)
I have never seen him .
before(以前)
Have you seen the film before?
since(自从…以来)
I’ve worked in the school since 1999.
for(长达)
He’s lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.
in the past several days weeks years(在过去的…)
recently(最近)
I have not written to my parents recently.
so far(到目前为止)
So far she has learned 5 English songs.
up to now(到目前为止)
this morningmonthyear(今天早上这个月今年)

三、现在完成时的用法
1) 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作,并对现在有影响。常与already(已经), yet(已经),
just(刚刚),ever(曾经)等词连用.
Already， yet的用法
already: 常用于肯定句中. yet: 常用于否定句,疑问句尾.
Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)
I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)
I haven’t read that book yet . (不了解书的内容)
I have just cleaned my hands. (手是干净的)
3)现在完成时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与for, since引导的时间短语或
从句连用.
since , for 的用法:
since: (自…以来)
1)since+时间点
He has stayed here since 5 o’clock.
2)since+ 时间段+ ago
He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.
3)since+ 从句
for: (长达）

for+ 时间段
He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
She has learned English for 5 years.
He has lived in Beijing since he was born .
Have you stayed here since 3 o’clock?
四、havehas been to; havehas gone to; havehas been in
have has been to 曾经去过某地，人已经回来了
have has gone to 去了某地，人还没回来
have has been in 去了某地并一直待在那
1. 我去过上海。 I have been to Shanghai twice.
2.--- Where is Jim？ --He has gone to England．（尚未回来）
3. I have been in Shanghai for three years．我到上海已有三年了。

1、现在完成时的 完成用法
现在完成时的 完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产
生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关 系。
例如： He has turned off the light. 他已把灯关了。
( 动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况 -- 灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时 完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时
间状语 ( 如： already ， yet ， before ， recently 等 ) 、频度时间状语 ( 如： never ， ever ，
once 等 ) 、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语 ( 如： this morning month year... ， today 等 )
连用。
例如： Have you found your pen yet ？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
2、现在完成时的 未完成用法
现在完成时的 未完成用法 指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可
能还要继续下去。
例如：
1. He has lived here since 1978he moved here. 自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。
( 动作起始于 1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
2. I have been in the army for more than 5 years. 我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
( 动作开始于 5 年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语 ( 由 since 或 for 引导 ) ，或表示与现
在时刻相连的时间状语 ( 如： up to now ， so far 到目前为止 ) 等。
例如： I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
3. 瞬间动词不能和时间段连用，瞬间动词转换成延续性动词：把动作换成状态
动作 状态 动作 状态
die begin
be dead be on
borrowbuy endfinish
kepthad be over
leave join
be away be in
arrive marry
be here be married
例如：
1.他的爷爷已经去世2年了。 His grandpa has been dead for 2 years.
参军3年了.Nick has been in the army for 3 years
3.他离开深圳好长时间了。He has been away from Shenzhen for a long time.
4.这本书我已借了4个月了I have hadkept the book for 4 months.

五、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
(1) 一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是助动词 have has +
过去分词 。
如： The film started at 7 o'clock. He has been a teacher for many years.
(2) 一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如： yesterday, last week, two years ago, just
now, in 2002 等 ； 而现在完成时则常与 just, already, ever, never 等副词和 these days, this
week, since..., for...since...ago up to nowso far 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
(3 ) 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态 或经常发生的动作。说话的侧重点
只在于陈述一件过去的事情，不强调对 现在 产生的影响。
如：He visited Guilin in 1998. 他 1998 年参观过桂林。 ( 只说明去桂林的时间 )
(4)现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成了影响或产生了结果。 不与确定的过去时间
状语连用。
如：Jill has bought a new computer. 吉尔买了一台新电脑。 ( 着重点是现在有了一台新电脑 )
看看以下的几组句子，有什么区别？
(A) Have you seen the film? (B)Did you see the film?
[说明] 你看过这部电影吗？
(A) 句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；
(B) 句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
(A) He has lived in Beijing for 8 years. (B) He lived in Beijing for 8 years.
[说明] 他在北京住了 8 年。
(A) 句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了 8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。
(B) 句讲的是他在北京住过 8 年，现在不在北京了。

练 习
一、抄写动词以及过去式和过去分词。

1. be_______________-_________________
2. come_______________-_________________
3. go_______________-_________________
4. do_______________-_________________
5. have_______________-_________________
6. drink_______________-_________________
7. give_______________-_________________
8. eat_______________-_________________
9. know_______________-_________________
10. run_______________-_________________
11. say_______________-_________________
12. see_______________-_________________
13. find_______________-_________________
14. draw_______________-_________________
15. get_______________-_________________
16. hear_______________-_________________
17. begin_______________-_________________
18. buy_______________-_________________
19. leave_______________-_________________
20 become _______________-_________________
21 break _______________-_________________
22 bring _______________-_________________
23 build _______________-_________________
24 bite _______________-_________________
25 catch _______________-_________________
26 choose _______________-_________________
27 cut _______________-_________________
28 fall _______________-_________________
29 fly _______________-_________________
30 forget ________________-_________________
31 grow _______________-_________________
32 hit _______________-_________________
33 hurt _______________-_________________
34 keep _______________-_________________
35 lend _______________-_________________
36 lose ________________-_________________
37 meet _______________-_________________
38 put _______________-_________________

39 read _______________-_________________
40 ring _______________-_________________

二、用for 或since填空
1. Mr. Brown has had his TV ________ 15 years.
2. I’ve taken driving lessons _________ last month.
3. My sister has had her cell phone ________ a month .
4. My friends haven’t visited me ___________ my birthday.
5. We haven’t used our car ________ a long time .
6. She hasn’t had a good cup of coffee _________ years.
7. Tom has worn glasses _________ he was 7 years old.
8. Jill has been in Ireland _________ Monday.
9. Mr. Jason has been in Paris _______ three days.
10. My aunt has lived in Australia_______15days.
11. Margaret is in her office. She has been there _______7 o’clock.
12. India has been an independent country ______ 1974.
13. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty______ many years.
14. Mike has been ill ________ a long time. He has been in hospital ______October.
三、改写句子，使原句的意思不变，每空一词。
1. The English professor arrived here about a week ago
The English professor __________ ____________ here for about a week .
2. Her husband started to work on the farm three hours ago .
Her husband _____________ _____________ on the farm for three hours .
3. The French musician came to China last month , and he is still here .
The French musician _____________ ____________ ____________ China for a month .
4. He joined the army in 1985 .
He ___________ ___________ __________ the army __________ 1985 .
5. He joined the League half a year ago .
He has been a League ____________ ____________ half a year .
6. The bus left five minutes ago .
The bus ___________ already __________ ___________ for five minutes .
7. The girl bought a new school bag in September .
The girl ___________ __________ the school bag since September .
8. The shop closed last winter .
The shop __________ ____________ _____________ since last winter .
9. The film began ten minutes ago .
The film ___________ __________ ___________ for ten minutes .
10. The dog died two days ago .
The dog ___________ ____________ _____________ for two days .
11. The meeting ended last ____________month .
The meeting ___________ __________ ______________ for a month .
四、用havehas been to, havehas gone to填空：
1.
—Where is your brother? —He ____________ the shop. He’ll be back soon.
2. — __________ you ever _________ to America? —Yes, I ___________ New York twice.
3. —Here you are at last! Where _________ you _________? —I _____________ London.
4. —David _______________ Australia. —I’m sure he’s already arrived.
5. —Is Benny here? —No, he ______________ the school library. He left five minutes ago.
五、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. I _____________ (wait) for him for two hours . I am very angry.

2. He _________ (be) a doctor since he was twenty.
3. The film __________ (be) on for fifteen minutes.
4. ________ you ever ________ (read) that book before?
5. ________ you ever ________ (try) to change her?
6. No one _____________ (arrive) here yet.
7. ___________ the bus ____________ (leave) yet?
8. I _______________ (not talk) to him yet.
9. I ___________ already ___________ (make) the bed.
10. They __________ just ____________ (go). They will be back soon.
11. When ___________ you ____________ (meet) him ? Last night or this morning?
12. She ______________ (not come) here recently .
13. She ___________ (never see) the man before .
14. I ____________ (meet) him before, but I forget his name.
15. It is eleven o’clock. He ______________ (not come) back yet.
16. He _______________ (write) five stories so far .
17. She ______________ (be) a teacher for ten years , she likes her job very much.
18. ____________she _____________(call) on you lately ?
选择题
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
A. already B. never C. ever D. still
3、Have you met Mr Li ______？
A. just B. ago C. before D. a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote D. has written
5、—Our country ______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
A. has changed well B. changed good
C. has changed better D. changed better
6、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was studying B. will study C. has studied D. are studying
7、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see
9、—These farmers have been to the United States .
—Really ? When _____ there ?
A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone
10、—______ you ___ your homework yet ?
—Yes . I _____ it a moment ago .
A. Did do finished B. Have done finished
C. Have done have finished D. will do finish
11、 His father ______ the Party since 1978 .
A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in
12、—Do you know him well ?

— Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made
13、—How long have you ____ here ?
—About two months .
A. been B. gone C. come D. arrived
14、Hurry up! The play __________ for ten minutes .
A. has begun B. had begun C. has been on D. began
15、 It _____ ten years since he left the army .
A. is B. has C. will D. was
16、 Miss Green isn't in the office . she_______ to the library .
A. has gone B. went C. will go D. has been
17、My parents ______ Shandong for ten years .
A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been
18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
19、 has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.
A. has come here B. has started to work
C. has lived there D. has left the university
21.____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we ____ it two hours ago.
A. Did…copy…did B. Have…copied…have
C. Have…copied…did D. Did …copy…had
22. You ____ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you since five.
A. kept…waited B. have kept…waited
C. kept…have waited D. have kept…have waited
23. _____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.
A. Have…gone to B. Have…gone in C. Have…been to D. Have …been in
24. My brother ____college for over three years.
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has been at
25. -I have seen the film “Titanic” already.
-When __________ you __________ it？
-The day before yesterday.
A. have； seen B. will； see C. did； see D. did； seen


一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1．阅读材料，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。

Your English teacher has introduced a play to your class. Read the play.

Characters: Benny, student, 14 years old

Peter, students, 15 years old

Susie, student, 14 years old

Grace, student, 14 years old

Time: One Sunday afternoon in autumn

Place: Sunny Park

(The four teenagers have just finished the picnic. They are tidying up.)

Benny: Wow! That was a great picnic. I'm so full that I can hardly move.

Grace: That's no excuse for not tidying up, Benny. Come over here and help me pack up the leftover food. Peter,
can you put out the fire, please? And clean up the plate.

Peter: (Speaking unhappily to himself) How can I always get the dirty and difficult jobs?

It's not fair.

(Peter throws a bit of water on the fire. Then he picks up the ashes (
灰烬
) with an old newspaper and wants to
throw them into the long grass. )

Susie: (Sounding surprised) What are you doing, Peter? That's d…

Peter: Whoops…the newspaper has caught fire.

Susie: And the grass… Benny, Grace, help! Help!

(Benny and Grace come over quickly. They help put out the fire completely.)

Peter: Oh, no. What have I done?

Grace: You know that we should do everything carefully, don't you?

Peter: (With his head in his hands) Yes. What have I done? What have I done?

（1）How does Peter feel about his job?

A. Clean an easy B. Dirty and difficult C. Great and interesting D. Noisy and harmful

（2）What word do you think Susie would say in the sentence

A. dirty B. difficult C. delicious D. dangerous

（3）Which of the following sentences is true?

A. There are five people in the play. B. Peter's carelessness causes the fire.

C. They have a picnic in the morning. D. Benny refuses to help others tidy up.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）D

（3）B

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文以角色对话的形式展示了文章的内容。主要是关于四个学生野餐后，需
要清理场地。而由于Peter的粗心意外地引起了一场小火灾。

（1）细节理解题。根据文中Peter的第一句话How can I always get the dirty and difficult jobs?我怎么能总
是得到肮脏和困难的工作？可知，P eter认为自己的工作又脏又难（dirty and difficult）。故选B。

（2）推理判断题。由下文中Peter说得， 由于Peter把报纸仍
在了灰烬堆里，着火了。这是 一件危险的事情。可以推知Susie说那样做是危险的。A： dirty脏的； B： difficult
困难的；C： delicious可口的； D： dangerous危险的。故选D。

（3）正误判断题。由文中Characters: Benny, student, 14 years old； Peter, students, 15 years old； Susie, student,
14 years old； Grace, student, 14 years old.可知选项A，不符合文章内容，故排除A；Peter: Whoops…the

newspaper has caught fire.和由文中And the grass.. Benny, Grace, help! Help!(Benny and Grace come
over quickly. They help put out the fire completely)可知由于彼得的粗心引起火灾，故选项B符合文章内容，
故选B； Time: One Sunday afternoon in autumn；Time: One Sunday afternoon in autumn； Place: Sunny Park；
(The four teenagers have just finished the picnic. They are tidying up.)可知选项C不符合文章内容，故排
除C； That's no excuse for not tidying up, Benny. Come over here and help me pack up the leftover food. 可知
选项D不符合文章大意，故排除D。综上所述，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理 解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住关键词，在文中寻找相关信
息，确定答案，最后 再检查一遍，确保答案正确。






2．阅读理解

Everyone faces challenges in their life, but some are more important than others. Daniel Kish had serious
problems with his eyes when he was born. And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen
months old.

Soon after, however, he started to do an amazing thing. He started to make clicking(咔嗒) sounds with his
tongue(舌头) to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙蝠), he now moves about using sonar(声呐). He is so
good at it that he can ride a bicycle in traffic. He and his group, World Access for the Blind, teach others how to
use sonar. In this interview with National Geographic, Kish explains how the process works.

How does sonar work?

反射) off surfaces all around and
return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(图像). It's like having a conversation with the
environment

When you click, what do you see in your mind?


direction

What is it like riding a bike using sonar?


usually do.

Is it dangerous to move around the world in this way?

mostly imagine. I have a habit of climbing anything and
everything, but I never broke a bone (骨头) as a kid.”

How challenging is it to teach people to use sonar?

（1）What's the main idea of Paragraph 2?

A. Kish explains how sonar works. B. Kish teaches people how to use sonar.

C. Kish started to move around using sonar. D. Kish is good at riding a bicycle in traffic.

（2）How does sonar work? Choose the right order.

a. The sound waves reflect off surfaces.

b. The person makes a clicking sound.

c. The brain makes images with the sounds.

d. The sound waves reach the persons ears.

A. b-a-c-d B. b-d-a-c C. a-b-d-c D. b-a-d-c

（3）What can we know about Kish from the passage?

A. He always challenges himself bravely.

B. He lives in fear of things that he imagines.

C. He became blind when he was 14 years old.

D. He broke his bone when climbing as a child.

（4）What would be the best title for the passage?

A. How Sonar Works. B. Riding a Bike Using Sonar.

C. Seeing with the Mind. D. How the Blind Move Around.

【答案】 （1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文叙述一个能面对生活挑战的人Daniel Kish十四个月打之前 由于出生时眼
睛有严重问题，双眼都被摘掉了。但是他现在开始使用声纳。他擅长骑车，所以在交通中他 能骑自行车。
他和他的团队，盲人世界通道，教别人如何使用声纳。当问到教人们使用声纳有多困难，许 多学生都惊讶
于结果来得如此之快。眼见不在眼里，它在心里。

（1）段落大意题。由 he now moves about using sonar(声呐). He is so good at it that he can ride a bicycle in
traffic. He and his group, World Access for the Blind, teach others how to use sonar. In this interview with
National Geographic, Kish explains how the process works. 可知本段主要说明Daniel Kish现在开始使用声呐
来帮助他四处走动。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。由a：When I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. b：These waves reflect off surfaces
all around and d：return to my ears. c：My brain then processes the sounds into images It's like having a
conversation with the environment。可知正确的顺序b-a-d-c，故选D。

（3）推理判断题。由Soon after, however, he started to do an amazing thing. He started to make clicking sounds
with his tongue to help him move around. Much like a bat, he now moves about using sonar. He is so good at it
that he can ride a bicycle in traffic. He and his group, World Access for the Blind, teach others how to use sonar.

然而，不久之后，他开始做一件了不起的事情。他开始用舌头发出咔哒声来帮 助他四处走动。就像蝙蝠一
样，他现在开始使用声纳。他擅长骑车，所以在交通中他能骑自行车。他和他 的团队，盲人世界通道，教
别人如何使用声纳。可知他能够开始使用声纳到处走动，并擅长骑自行车同时 教会盲人使用声纳。能像正
常人一样生活，已经勇敢地战胜了自我。故选A。

（4）标题判断题。由最后段How challenging is it to teach people to use sonar?
how quickly results come. Seeing isn't in the eyes, it's in the mind.可知使用声纳不是用眼睛看，而 是在用心。
只有选项C才能揭示文章的内容，故选C。

【点评】考查阅读理解，首 先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住关键词，在文中寻找相关
信息，确定答案，最后再检查 一遍，确保答案正确。






3．阅读理解

As a child, Alain Robert was afraid of heights. One day, when he was 12, he returned home from school. He
didn't find his keys. It was 3:30pm and his parents worked until 6：00 pm. Alain looked at his apartment on the
eighth floor. He saw an open window. He closed his eyes and imagined himself climbing the building. When he
opened his eyes, he told himself,
was gone.

Today, Alain still climbs buildings. In 2003, he climbed a building in London dressed as Spiderman (蜘蛛人) to
advertise the movie. In 2004, he climbed Taipei 101 (one of the tallest buildings in the world). To reach the top of
a building, Alain uses only his hands and special shoes.

Alain climbs as a hobby. He also does it to make money for charity (for poor children and the homeless). When
he climbs, he wants to send a message to people. If you have a dream, you must be brave and keep trying. If
something bad happens, don't give up. Close your eyes and tell yourself,

（1）The main idea of this passage is that ________.

A. climbing buildings is easy B. Alain Robert is afraid of heights

C. everyone can climb a tall building D. you can control your fears

（2）When Alain climbs a building, he uses ________.

A. his hands and special shoes B. special tools

C. his hands only D. his special shoes only

（3）The underlined word

A. 享受 B. 休闲 C. 慈善 D. 消费

（4）Alain climbs ________.

A. for fun and for his health B. for charity and for his job

C. for his health and for charity D. for charity and for fun

（5）If you feel afraid to do things, what's Alain's advice? ________.

A. Practice climbing buildings. B. Tell yourself

C. If something bad happens, then stop. D. Try to do something else.

【答案】 （1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

（5）B

【解析】 【分析】文章大意：小时候，阿兰·罗伯特恐高。一天，他放学回家。他没有找到钥匙。他看到一
扇开着 的窗户。自己爬上了大楼。当他睁开眼睛时，他对自己说：“我能做到。”十五分钟后，他在自己的
房子 里，他的恐高症消失了。今天，阿兰还在爬建筑物。为了到达建筑物的顶部，阿兰只用他的手和特殊
的鞋 子。阿兰爬山是个爱好。他还为慈善事业（为贫困儿童和无家可归者）赚钱。如果你有一个梦想，你
必须 勇敢并不断尝试。如果有不好的事情发生，不要放弃。闭上眼睛，告诉自己，“我能做到。”

（1）主旨大意题，根据 If something bad happens, don't give up. Close your eyes and tell yourself,
can do it. 可知，当有不好的事情发生的时候，比这眼睛告诉自己能行，所以人们是能够控制自己的恐惧
情 绪的，故答案是D。

（2）细节理解题，根据 Alain uses only his hands and special shoes. 可知，阿兰用手和特殊的鞋来攀
爬建筑物，故答案是A。

（3）词义猜测题，根据 (for poor children and the homeless) 可知该单词的意思是“慈善”，故答案是C。

（4）细节理解题，根据 Alain climbs as a hobby. He also does it to make money for charity (for poor children
and the homeless).可知阿兰的攀爬一是为了慈善也是为乐获得乐趣，故答案是D。

（5）细节理解题，根据 If something bad happens, don't give up. Close your eyes and tell yourself,
can do it. 可知，当你害怕做某事的时候，阿兰的建议是告诉自己“我能做到”，故答案是B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题。细节理解题可以直接从文中寻
找答案；词义猜测题，需要根据单词所在的语境，进行合理想象，确定单词的意思；主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。


4．阅读理解

Mail, games, music, news, chat rooms and shopping！The Internet is part of the way we live today.
get onto the Internet. The only thing we need to do is use a modem which is used for connecting a computer to a
telephone line. The Internet is changing and growing all the time. More and more people have computers and
use the Internet. Using the Internet means surfing the World Wide Web(That's the you always hear
about.).The Web has large numbers of websites in it. They are the places you go to get information and do things.

Where do these websites come from？They are made by web designers. What happens when you click on a
word or a picture？You are sent to another page. It's all because of the web designer. Web designers do a lot of
work by using a computer programming(程序编辑)language.

Is Web design all about computer programming? No. It's about making something new. Web designers must
imagine a lot when they are making a website. It must look good and be fun to use. A big part of Web design is
art. They choose the best pictures and colours to make the website look good. They also write the things that you
see on the website. An important part of their job is to share ideas with the website manager about how to
design the website well.

（1）This passage is mainly about .

A. computer programming languages B. the Web designers' work

C. the website manager's work D. the way to get onto the Internet

（2）More and more people are using the Internet because it's .

A. easy and useful B. beautiful and funny

C. colourful and hopeful D. changing and colourful

（3）It's possible for us to change websites by just a click because of .

A. the modem's help B. the telephone line's help

C. the Web designers' work D. the website manager's work

（4）Which of the following is WRONG？

A.

B. There are a few websites on the web.

C. The Internet has changed people's lives.

D. We can do things like shopping on the Internet.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文介绍了互联网是我们今天生活方式的一部分，网页设计的工作的重要性。

（1）主旨题。根据本文介绍了互联网是我们今天生活方式的一部分，网页设计的工作的重要性可知文 章
主要讲网页设计师的工作 ， 故选B。

（2）细节题。根据It's easy to get onto the Internet可知越来越多的人在使用互联网，因为它简单有用 ，
故选A。

（3）推理题。根据 They are made by web designers. What happens when you click on a word or a
picture You are sent to another page 它们是由网页设计师 制作的。当你点击一个单词或图片会发生什
么？您将被发送到另一页可知，因为网页设计师的工作我们只 需点击一下就可以改变网站 ， 故选C。

（4）细节题。根据The Web has large numbers of websites in it 网络中有大量的网站 可知网上有几个网站

是错误的 ，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题，和主旨题，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；推断题
需 要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息，主旨题需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。


5．阅读理解

Almost every Chinese can recite the famous poem, 谁知盘中
餐, 粒粒皆辛苦).：Don't waste food.

A CCTV programme, News One Plus One, reported that the food Chinese people throw away every year is
enough to feed 200 million people for a year.

Do we have too much food? No, according to the UN World Food Programme, there were 925 million hungry
people around the world in 2010, especially in developing countries.6 million children die of hunger every year.

Chinese people are well-known for being generous. Many even feel that they will lose face if their guests have
eaten all the food on the table.

Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food. In November, 2011, Li Hong, a
waitress in a restaurant in Nanjing, became famous because she took some leftover(剩余的)food home for her
son. Many people stood by her side and agreed that it was not right to waste food.

What should we do in our daily lives to save food? Here are some tips：

Do not order too much in a restaurant. Only order what you want to eat. If you cannot eat all the food you
ordered, take the rest of it home.

Don't be too picky(挑剔的)about food. Some food may not taste great, but your body needs it.

Keep an eye on what food you have at home. Don't buy too much, especially vegetables and fruit.

（1）According to News One Plus One, Chinese people .

A. save enough food to feed 200 million people for a year

B. throw away lots of food every year

C. get enough food to feed millions of people every year

D. have to feed 200 million hungry people every year

（2）In the third paragraph, we know that .

A. we have too much food to feed people in the world

B. there were 925 million people in developing countries

C. because of hunger, 6 million children die every year

D. there are only a few people getting hungry every year

（3）From the fourth and fifth paragraphs, we can conclude(得出结论)that .

A. all Chinese people are generous

B. Chinese people always waste food

C. Li Hong became famous because she wasted food

D. everyone should get into the habit of saving food

（4）What's the main topic of the passage?

A. Don't waste food. B. Many people die of hunger.

C. Don't be picky about food. D. Eat all the food you order.

【答案】 （1）B

（2）C

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】 【分析】主要讲了许多人现在已经意识到节约食物食的重要性及在日常生活中节约食物的方式。

（1）细节题。根据A CCTV programme, News One Plus One, reported that the food Chinese people throw away
every year is enough to feed 200 million people for a year.可知央视节目《新闻一加一》报道说，中国人每年
扔掉的食物足 以养活一年2亿人，即中国人每年扔掉许多食物，故选B。

（2）细节题。根据there were 925 million hungry people around the world in 2010, especially in developing
countries.6 million children die of hunger every year.可知2010年， 全世界有9.25亿饥饿人口，特别是发展中
国家，每年有600万儿童死于饥饿。故选C。

（3）推断题。根据Luckily, a number of people have realized the importance of saving food.可知人们已经意
识到节约食物的重要性，所以每个人应该养成节约食物的习惯，故选D。

（4）主旨题。根 据全文可知主要讲了许多人现在已经意识到节约食物食的重要性及在日常生活中节约食
物的方式。即不要 浪费食物，故选A。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节题、推断题和主旨题三种常考题 型，细节题要注意从文中寻找答案；
推断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息；主旨题需要通读全文， 了解大意之后找出中心思想。