现在,过去,将来完成时态讲解

现在完成时巩固练习
一.用since和for填空
1.______two years2.________two years ago 3._______last month 4.__________
1999 5._______yesterday 6._______ 4 o’clock7.________4 hours
8._________an hour ago 9._______we were children 10._________ lunch time
11.___________ she left here12. He has lived in Nanjing ________ the year before
last.13. I’ve known him __________ we were children.14. Our teacher has studied
Japanese ________ three years.15. She has been away from the city ________
about ten years.16. It’s about ten years __________ she left the city.
二.单项选择
1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what's happened to him .
A. knew B. have known C. must know know
2、He has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?
A. already
3、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
A. is writing writing written
4、--Our country ______ a lot so far . --Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
changed well d good changed better d
better
5、Zhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years .
A. was studying B. will study C. has studied D. are studying
6、We ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl .
A. know B. had known C. have known D. knew
7、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice .
see B .have seen
8. The students have cleaned the classroom,______?
A. so they B. don’t they C. have they D. haven’t they
9、______has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he_____ to China?
A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived
he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _____ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
factory ____ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
and Rose ____friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
二.用never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since填空
1. I have _______ seen him before, so I have no idea about him.
2. Jack has _________ finished his homework.
3. Mr. Wang has taught in this school ________ ten years.
4. “Have you ________ seen the film?” “No, I have ________ seen it.”
5. “Has the bus left _______?” “Yes, it has _________ left.”


过去完成时

定义:表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作，该动作发成的时间是“过去的过
去”。E .g. The train had left before I got to the station.这一过去的时间可用by,at,before 等构
成的短语或when,before,after,until等引导的从句或上下文来表示。
（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。
如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。
如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。
如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
P.s. 过去完成时表示过去的过去，是指过去某一动作之 前已经发生或完成的动作，
即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用 法常出现在：
（ 1 ）宾语从句中
当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成
时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：
She said that she had seen the film before.
（ 2 ）状语从句中
在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作 在前
的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：
When I got to the station, the train had already left.
After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作
的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：
Where did you study before you came here?
After he closed the door, he left the classroom.
3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此
时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until
等引导的短语或从句连用。
如：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.
Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.
四、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，但侧重对现在产 生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有
关，其结构为助动词 have (has) + 过去分词；过去完 成时则是一个相对的时态，它所表示
的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调过去的过去，只有和过去某时或某动 作相比较时，才用到
它。试比较：
I have learned 1000 English words so far.
到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.
到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
- I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。
- Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.
没什么，我只等了几分钟。（等的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）
- John returned home yesterday. 约翰昨天回到家的。
- Where had he been?
他去哪儿了？（答语中使用过去完成时是指约翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，

即过去的过去）
五、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
1. 时间状 语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调过去的过去；而一般过去时只强调过去
某一特定的时间。试比较：
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的 时间先后须依据上下文
来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。如：
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the
first in the composition competition.
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般
过去时来代替过去完成时.如：
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper

1. 单项选择
1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had been B. where I had gone
C. where had I been D. where had I gone
2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done
3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。
A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt
4. She ______lived here for ______ years.
A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of
5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
6. She said she __________ the principle already
A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war.
A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from
C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with
8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.
A. has completed university B. has completed the university
B. had completed an university D. had completed university
9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year.
A. for B. in C. by D. at
10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano
C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.
11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?
A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done
12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.
A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work

13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge.
A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed
14. Ben hates playing _____ violin, but he likes playing ____ football.
A. a…the B. the… the C. …the D. the…
15. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words.
A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns
16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom.
A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left
_________ in Guangzhou since 2000.
A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living
18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago.
A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived
19. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived.
A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned
20. Fergie_______ the project in one hour.
A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished
21. The man ________ his coat and went out.
A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on
22 My mother______ in that factory at the age of 18.
A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works
23. Dad ________ while he _______ TV.
A .fell asleep…watch B. was falling asleep…watched
C. fell asleep……was watching D. had fallen asleep…watched
2.用动词的适当形式填空
1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in.
2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die).
3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave).
4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen _______ (arrive).
5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed.
6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call.
7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice.
8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake.
9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall.
Reads __ ______ (have) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house.
I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave).
12..We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.
13. I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework.
14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do)
____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (go) there before.
16. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet.
17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher.
18. I ______________(be) to Shanghai before.
19. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times.

_____________(play) the guitar while her sister_______________(sing).
将来完成时
定义 :将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作.(表示在将来某
一时间之前已完 成的动作，并往往对将来某一时间产生影响)
经常与 before+将来时间 或by+将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的
现在时间的从句连用。
e.g. You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
将来完成时的构成是由+ have +过去分词构成的。
Before long he will have forgotten all about the matter.
( willshall+have+完成式用于第一人称，will+have+完成式用于其他人称)
1. By the summer, Elizabeth______ here for ten years .
A. will work B. works C. will have worked D. has worked
2. I. hope you______ the instructions ready before I come tomorrow
A. to get B. shall get C. will get D. will have gotten .
3. She has been studying here for five years and by the end of next summer
she _____.
A. will graduate B. will be graduating C. will be graduated D. will have
graduated
4. When you come tonight at eight o’clock, I _____ eight lessons.
A. would review B. shall review C. shall have reviewed D. shall be
reviewing