人教版高中英语必修二语法讲解_现在完成时的被动语态

现在完成时的被动语态
语法点拨
概念引入
Over time I have been changed quite a lot
Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me
I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical
operations.
语法讲解
【高清课堂B2U2语法：被动语态】
Ⅰ被动语态的概念
1. 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
2. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者
例如：Many people speak Chinese.
3. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受着。
例如：上句可变为
_Chinese is spoken by many people.
为什么要用被动语态？
a) 当关注的是事情本身而不是动作的执行者，或者根本不知道动作的执行者时。如:
The meeting was put off.
My car has been moved.
b) 动作的执行者很明确时或强调承受者时。
The ceremony was reported in the news last night.
If you break the school rules, you will be punished.
c) 当动作的执行者是“people”或 “one” 时。
He is believed to have invented the computer.
Advertisements are seen everywhere.
d) 修辞的需要，为了使句子更加简练、匀称
II. 被动语态的各种时态
1.一般现在时：
2. 一般过去时：
3. 一般将来时：
4. 现在进行时：
5. 过去进行时：
6. 现在完成时：
7. 过去完成时：
8. 过去将来时：
边讲边练：翻译句子
1. 全世界越来越多的人讲汉语。
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world.
2. 1949年中华人民共和国成立。
People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
3.明天将对这个问题进行讨论。
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The problem will be discussed tomorrow.
4. 纸张一直被认为是中国最重要的发明之一。
Paper has been considered as one of the most important inventions in China.
5.我的自行车正在修理。
My bike is being repaired.
6.我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。
The book had been borrowed when I got to the library.
主动变被动一般规律
All the people laughed at him. 所有人都嘲笑他。
→He was laughed at by all the people. 他被所有人嘲笑
They make the bikes in the factory. 他们在工厂生产自行车。
→The bikes are made by them in the factory. 这些自行车被他们在工厂生产。
They sold out the tickets. 他们卖完了票。
→The tickets were sold out. 票被卖光了。
规则：
1. 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
2. 把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词）
3. 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后做宾语，将主格改为宾格。

现在完成时的被动语态
1.两种时态
1) 现在完成时(havehas + 过去分词)
现在完成时< br>的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情
况。现在完成时不 能与表示确定的过去时间的状语连用, 如: yesterday, two weeks ago, in 1978,
when I got there 等, 现在完成时常与 already, always, often, ever, never, yet, not...yet, just等
不表示明确的时间副词连用, 还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带since, for 的状语及包
括现在在内的词连用。如: now, today, this month, this year, recently, these few days 等。不能
用在现在完成进行时态的动词，如：be, have, like, love, know, believe, hate等。
一般过去时则是表示过去某时发生的动作或情况, 与现在毫无关系。
2) 现在完成进行时 (havehas + been + 现在分词）
现在完成进行时指动作发生在过去一直持续到现在 还有可能继续进行下去。多数时候会有语
境支撑动作的继续进行否则的话可以和现在完成时通用。
2. 七种被动语态形式
1) 一般现在时的被动语态 (amisare+ 过去分词）
如: The work is done during two days.
2) 一般过去时的被动语态 (waswere+ 过去分词）
如: He was sent to the hospital immediately after the accident.
3) 一般将来时的被动语态 (willshall + be + 过去分词或 + be going to + be + 过去分词）
如: The work will be finished soon.
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4) 现在进行时的被动语态 (isamare + being+ 过去分词）
如: The bridge is now being constructed
5) 现在完成时的被动语态 (havehas +been + 过去分词）
如: The radio has been repaired when we phoned the shop.
6) 带情态动词的被动语态 (情态动词 + be + 过去分词)
如: This can be done in a few minutes.
7) 动词不定式的被动式 (to be + 过去分词)
如: It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.
现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响, 其构成是:
havehas been + done。例如：
1. The dirty clothes have been washed.
脏衣服都已经洗了。
2. The plan has been studied by the experts for three times.
这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。
3. The child has been taken care of by Grandma Wang all these years.
这些年来, 这个小孩一直由王奶奶照料。
现在完成时被动态：
have has + been + 动词过去分词
现在完成进行时：
have has + been + 动词现在分词
它们的构成的区别在最后的动词上, 被动态接的是过去分词形式, 现在完成进行时接的是现
在分词形式。
1. 主语是行为动作的承受者。如：
The Temple of Zhang Fei has been rebuilt.
张飞庙已经过重建。
2. 说话时已经完成的动作或出现的结果。如:
The door has been locked.
门已经被锁上了。（我或别人现在进不去）
3. 动作或状态始于过去, 持续到现在, 并可能持续下去。如：
He has been told about it for many times.
有人告诉他这事很多次了。（可能还会有人告诉他）
4. 用在时间和条件状语从句中, 表示将来某时已完成的动作。如：
We’ll start as soon as the work has been finished.
工作一完成我们就立即动身。
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注意:
1. 副词的位置
often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于havehas和been中间。如:
[误] Such a man has been hardly believed.
[正] Such a man has hardly been believed.
2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态
1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如：
[误] Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978.
[正] Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。如：
[误] The door has been opened of itself.
[正] The door has opened of itself.
3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的介词或副词。如：
The SARS patients have been taken good care of.
4. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完
成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思， 则需改换动词或
时态。如：
My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
How long has this book been bought?
How long ago was this book bought?

敬请批评指正
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