cajun-拥有英语怎么说
【高一同步教程】高中英语必修2 现在完成时的被动语态用法讲解
【学习目标】
1.现在完成时被动语态的结构
2.现在完成时被动语态的主要用法
3.使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
【课前预习】
1.什么是语态?
语态是表示主语和动词之间的主动关系或被动
关系的动词形式。英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。主动
语态表示主语是动作的执行者(施动
者),被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者(受动者)。
2.对现在完成时被动语态的理解
现在完成时被动语态的结构就是 现在完成时态和被动语态结构的叠合,即“ have + been
+ 动词过去分词”。试比
较以下几组句子的谓语结构:
1)主动句:He has
repaired the machine for two hours. 他修理这台机器已有两小时了。
被动句:The machine has been repaired for
two hours. 这台机器已修了两小时了。
2)主动句:The teacher
has borrowed the books. 老师把那些书借走了。
被动句:The books have been borrowed by the teacher.
那些书被老师借走了。
【教学过程】
一、现在完成时被动语态的构成
1.现在完成时被动语态的肯定式
由“have /has +been
+及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如:
Two windows have been
broken.两个窗子被打破了。
2.现在完成时被动语态的否定式
由“have
/has +not+been +及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如:
The car has
not been repaired.这辆汽车还没有修好。
3.现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式
由“Have /Has
+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如:
① ─Has her work
been finished?她的工作完成了吗?
─Yes,it has.是的,完成了。
② ─Have the cars been repaired?这些汽车修好了吗?
─No,they haven't.不,还没有。
4.现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式
由“疑问词+have/has+主语+been+及物动词的过去分词”构成。例如:
How long has her work been
finished?她的工作完成有多久了?
Who has been helped by
the new computer?谁已经得到了这台新计算机的帮助?
How many
new words have been learned by the
students?这些学生已经学会了多少单词?
二、现在完成时被动语态的主要用法
1.表示被动的动作发生在说话之前(即现在的过去),强调对现在造成的影响和结果。例如:The
door has been
locked.门被锁上了。(结果是现在没有人能进去)
2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能将持续下去,常与for或since引导的时
间状语连
用,或用于How long.?句型中。例如:
..
The old
man has been looked after for twenty years.
1
这位老人已受照顾20年了。(可能还会被照顾下去)
They have been told about it for many times
..
有人告诉他们这事很多次了。(可能还会有人告诉他们)
How long
has the machine been used?这机器使用有多久了?
三、使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题
1.现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词,即 have /has和been,两者缺一不可。
2.只带有一个宾语的动词变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
We have built many houses in the past ten years.
Many houses have been built in the past ten
years (by us).
3.带有双宾语的动词,如:give, send,
bring, take, teach, show,, sing, write, read,
sell, buy, tell, pay, lend,
pass,
promise等,变为被动语态时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留不动。
We
have given him the book.
He has been given
the book.
The book has been given to him.
4.带有复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时,只能将宾语变为主语,原来的宾补改为主语补足语。原来省略
to的不定
式作宾补时,被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
I have told
them to help you.
They have been told to
help you.
I have made her work hard.
She has been made to work hard (by me).
5.短语
动词是一个不可分割的整体,在被动结构中要保持完整性,不可省略短语动词中的介词或副词。例如:
The orphan has been well looked
after.这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。
They have referred to
the books.
The books have been referred to
(by them).
He has thought of a way of
doing it.
A way of doing it has been
thought of (by him).
6.由finish,buy,start,begin,post,return,borrow,
join,marry,open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态不
能与表示一段时间的状语如for
four days,how long等连用,而要改换动词或时态。例如:
译:这本书买了多久了?
误:How long has this book been
bought?
正:How long ago was this book bought?
但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程,具有延续性,因而可与since或for引导的时间段连
用。例如:
No books have been bought since last
week.自上周以来,没有人来买过书。
7.注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。
一
般过去时的被动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时刻,其结果对现在没有影响;而现在完成时被动语态<
br>的动作或状态尽管发生在过去,但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如:
The house was built last year.这房子是去年建造的。
The house has been built.这房子已经建好了。
四、经典习题
1. I can't see any coffee in this cupboard.
. (北京2005春)
2
A. Has it all
been finished B. Was it all finished C. Has it
all finished D. Did it all finish
2.
Millions of pounds' worth of damage by a
storm which swept across the north of England last
night.(重庆 2005)
A. has been caused
B. had been caused C. will be caused
D. will have been caused
3. More patients
in hospital this year than last year. (江苏 2004)
4. —The window is dirty.
—I know. It
for weeks.(2004全国卷Ⅲ)
【答案与解析 】
第1题的第一句话告诉我
们,橱柜里看不到咖啡了(对现在造成影响和结果),所以紧接着要问“咖啡已经被喝完
了吗?”,故选
A。
第2题的意思是“昨晚横扫英格兰北部的暴风雨已经造成了上百万英镑的损失”,这里强调发生
在过去的动作对现
在造成的影响,故选A。
第3题中的patients与treat之间是被动关系,排除A、B。根据时间状语this
year可知用现在完成时的被动语态,
故选D。
第4题上句提到“窗户很脏”,所以下句应该是“窗户已经有数周没有被擦了”,故选D。
【课后练习】
一、把下列句子变成被动语态
1. Mary has
locked the door.
2. She has told me about
the story.
3. I have read this book many
times.
4. We have completed all the
preparations for the task, and we're ready to
start.
5. This company has produced new
types of computers
6. They have interviewed
several teachers for the job.
7. George has
sent some texts and pictures to his friend's cell
phone.
8. They have developed some programs
for the human resource department of their company
9. Someone has put the book under the bench
for more than two days.
10. The typhoon has
damaged the bridges because of its strong wind.
二、改错
1. A personal computer has bought by
us.
2. Many problems has been found with our
new computer.
3. The computer was used every
day since we bought it.
4. It's said that
this book has translated into Chinese.
5. The
new theater has been designing recently.
三、单选选择
1. ---Flight 302 to London
until 7:30 tomorrow morning.
---No wonder I
hear so many complaints from the passengers.
A.has been delayed B.delay C.delayed
D.will be delayed
2. Great changes ______ in
the city, and a lot of factories ______.
A.
have been taken place; have been set up B.
have taken place; have been set up
C. have
taken place; have set up D. were
taken place; were set up
3. Every year a
flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-
making jobs they before
leaving their
hometowns.
3
A. promised
B. were promised C. have promised D.
have been promised
A.
hasn't cleaned B. didn't clean C.
wasn't cleaned D. hasn't been cleaned
A. treated B. have treated
C. had been treated D. have been treated
4. — David and Vicky
married?
— For about three years.
A. How
long were; being B. How long have;
got
C. How long have; been D.
How long did; get
5. Tom was said to ______
Mary for forty years.
A. have been married to
B. have married with
C. has been married
D. had married with
6 . Paper money
for over a thousand years.
7. —We want to sit
at the table near the window.
—I'm sorry,
but it already.
8. — the
letter to Mr. .Black?
—No .It's
still on the desk.
A .used
B .has been used C .has used D .is using
A .has taken B. took C. was
taken D. has been taken
A. Has
;given B. Will; be given C. Was given D
.Has been given
9. Great changes in
my home town and a lot of factories .
A. have been taken place are being set up B.
have taken place have been set up
C. are
taken place; had been set up D. had taken place
;will be set up
10. So far, moon by
man already.
A. is visited B
.will be visited C. has been visited D. was
visited
the help of high technology, more
new substances in the past years.
A.
discovered B. have discovered
C. had been discovered D. have been
discovered
12. I got caught in the rain and
my suit .
13. —Why does the lake
smell terrible
—Because large quantities
of water .
A. have polluted
B. is being polluted
C. has been polluted
D. have been polluted
14 .When and where to
go for the on-salary holiday yet.
A.
are not decided B. have not been
decided
C. is not being decided D.
has not been decided
15. In recent years many
football clubs as business to make a
profit
A. have run B. have been run C.
had been run D. will run
16. No permission
has for anybody to enter the building.
A. been given B. gave
C. given D. be give
17. By 2003,
28 Chinese culture relics on World
Heritage List by UNESCO.
A. be placed
B. placed C. have been placed D.
have placed
18. A lot of money to
protect the old temple.
19. The Great Wall
many times in history.
A.
have been spent B. has spent C. have
spent D. has been spent
A. is rebuilt
B. has been rebuilt C. been rebuilt
D. rebuilt
20. The Stonehenge
existed for more than 3,000 years.
4
A. has ruined B.
had ruined C. has been ruined D. had been
ruined
A. is B. be
C. has been D. have been
21.-How many
times not to play with fire? -I'm sorry.
I'll never do that again.
22. The fire
to the fifth floor all the people
?
A. has got; Have; been saved B.
has been got; Have; saved
C. has got; Do;
save D. has got; Have; saved
23. Old paintings according to the
descriptions.
A. are carefully recreated
B. have been carefully recreated
C. have be
recreated D. been carefully
recreated
24. More visitors to
Beijing since the repair project .
A.
have brought; was completed B. have been
brought; was completed
C. have been brought;
completed D. have brought; completed
25. It is true that many of the world's
greatest cities on the banks of a river.
26. Do you know the thief by the
police?
A. have been built
B. have built C. are being built
D. were built
A. has caught B. has
been catching C. was caught D. has
been caught
27. It that Leshan
Buddha is the biggest among the Buddhas that
.
A. was reported; have been found B.
is reported; have found
C. is reported; have
been found D. was reported; had been
found
28.-Will you attend the meeting this
afternoon? -But I anything about that.
29. More patients in the hospital
this year than last year.
A. treated
B. have treated
C. had been treated
D. have been treated
30. How many trees
this year?
A. are planted B. will plant
C. have been planted D. planted
【答案解析】
一、将以下句子的主动形式改为被动形式
1. The
door has been locked.
2. I have been told
about the story.
3. This book has been read
many times .
4. All the preparations for the
task have been completed, and we're ready to
start.
5. New types of computers has been
produced.
6. Several teachers have been
interviewed for the job.
7. Some texts and
pictures have been sent to George's friend's cell
phone.
8. Some programs for the human
resource department of their company have been
developed.
9. The book has been put under the
bench for more than two days.
10. The bridges
have been damaged by the typhoon because of its
strong wind.
二、改错
1. A personal
computer has been bought by us.
2. Many
problems have been found with our new computer.
5. The computer has been used every day since
we bought it.
4. It's said that this book has
been translated into Chinese.
A. hadn't told B. haven't
been told C. wasn't told D.
won't tell
A. do
you tell B. had you told C.
are you told D. have you been told
5
5. The new theater has been
designed recently.
三、单项选择
1.答案:A
解析:确定首句时态的关键信息在于----No wonder I hear so many
complaints from the
passengers.既然听到了乘客的抱怨,说明航
班已经被推迟。也就是说,推迟这一动作发生在过去且已对现在产生影
响,所以用现在完成时。
2.答案:B
3. 答案:D
解析:根据上文所用时态,下文应该用现在范畴的时态,排除A、B两个答案,再考虑语态,选D项。
4. 答案:C 解析:根据该对话中的时间状语for about three
years该题问的是动作持续了多久,用现在完成时,排
除A、D两项。get married
强调的是结婚这一动作,不能延续,故排除B项。be
married表示已婚的状态,可以延
续。故本题答案为C项。
5. 答案:A
6. 答案:B 解析:该题的时间状语for over a thousand years.,
该问题已持续很长时间,用现在完成时。Money是
被使用的因此用被动语态,所以其他选项不完整。
7. 答案:D 解析:该对话的意思是“---我要坐那个靠窗户的位置,---对不起,那个位置
已经有人了”。说的是那
个位置已经被别人事先预定了,位置预定需要用被动,而预定这个动作已经完成
,故用D.
8. 答案:D 解析:根据对话答语的副词still on the desk
说明该动作还没有完成,所以问句问的是动作看是否已经
完成?letter 和given
之间又是被动关系,故选D
9. 答案:B 解析:这句话的意思是说目前家乡已经发生了很大的
变化,建起了很多工厂。这些动作都已经完成故
用完成时态,变化和工厂做主语需要用被动语态,而ta
ke place 无被动形式,所以选B
10.答案:C 解析:so far
是和现在完成时连用的时间状语,方位月球,月球做主语要用被动语态, 所以选C。
11.
答案::D 解析:in the past years 是和想在完成时态连用的时间状语,more
new substances 做主语是被发现的,
因此用现在完成时态的被动语态。故选D.
12.答案:C 解析:这句话的意思是:我被困在大雨里,衣服被毁坏了。强调的是动作发生在过去
对现在造成的
影响,用完成时态。衣服是被雨水毁坏的,要用被动雨天,一次选C。
13.
答案: D 解析:这句话的大意是:湖水的味道难闻是由于大量的水污染造成的。水是被污染的,而这一结
果
到目前已经完成,故选D。
14. 答案: D 解析:yet
是和现在完成时连用的副词,二时间和地点的决定是人为的,因此要用被动语态,所以
选D。
15. 答案: B 解析:in recent years
是和想在完成时连用的时间状语,而足球俱乐部是由人来经营管理的要用被
动语态,所以选B。
16.A 17.C 18. D 19.B 20.C 21.D 22.A
23.B 24.B 25.A 26.D 27.C 28.B
29.D
30. C
6
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