英语动词时态专讲

动词时态专讲
一、各种时态的构成
时态
一般现在时
am is are
现在进行时
现在完成时
一般将来时
am is are going + to do
二、各种时态的用法
◆◆ 一般现在时：1. 表示经常性或习惯性的动作；2、用在客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或格言警句中。
常与表示频度的时间状语连用；3.由when，as soon as，until，before，after引导的时间状语从句或由if，
unless，as long as，once引导的条件状语从句中，一般现在时代替一般将来时。时间状语： every day，every
other day，sometimes，often，usually，on Sunday …
1、I (leave) home for school at 7 _________________ (每天早晨).
2、The earth ___________ (go) the sun. 3、Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海__________中国的东方。
4、My teacher told us that light _________ (travel) faster than sound.
5、Didn’t you father tell you that the sun ________ (be) much larger than the moon?
6、I’ll help you as soon as I ___________(到达) Beijing tomorrow.
7、I won’t leave unless you __________ (tell) me everything.
跟踪练习：1. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____? _____ , he does.
A. does he…No B. does he…Yes C. doesn't he…No D. doesn't he…Yes
2. Mr. Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he ?
A. goes…doesn't B. goes…isn't C. doesn't go…does D. doesn't go…is
3. ____he ___himself there? No, I don't think so. A. Do…enjoy B. Does… enjoies C. .Does…enjoy
4. ___ your teacher __ from them very often? Certainly. A. Do…hear B. Does…hear C. Do… receive e
5. _____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sundays A. Does…does B. Do…does C. Does…do D. Do… do
一般过去时：1. 表示在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有：yesterday，last week，
an hour ago，the other day，in 1981等。Where you just now? 刚才你去哪儿了？
2. 用于虚拟语气(非真实的过去)。If I _________ (知道) the truth, I would tell you now.
If I _________ (是) a bird, I would fly in the sky.
am is are + doing
have has + done
shall will + do



过去将来时
was were going + to do
过去进行时
过去完成时
构成
do does
时态
一般过去时
was were
was were + doing
had + done
would + do
构成
did

3. 辨析used to be used to
Scarf used a walk after supper. 斯卡夫过去在晚饭后常常散步。
Scarf is used to a walk after supper. 斯卡夫现在习惯于在晚饭后散步。
◆◆ 现在进行时: 表示现在 (指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。在句中往往有now等时间状语或是像
Look! Listen! 等提示词语，有的则是通过上下文暗示某动作正在进行；表示目前一段时间内正在进行的
动作，也许此时此刻这个动作并没有进行。
1、We are _______ (等) you outside the classroom now. 2、Look! The man ________ (放) a kite at the square.
3、The music sounds very familiar. Who ___________ (弹) the piano upstairs?
4、The students (prepar) for the examination. 学生们正在作考试。
5、Mr. Green (write) another novel these days.
表示位置移动的词用现在进行时可以表示即将发生的动作，这些动词有arrive，co me，leave，die等。例如：
They （go） to Hong Kong tomorrow. 他们明天要去香港。
◆◆ 过去进行时： 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，这一特定的时间或时刻除了上下文暗示之外，还
有时间状语如at that time moment，at this time yesterday或when while等引导的状语从句表示。
____________________________ (你正在做什么) at nine o’clock yesterday evening?
It _________________ when they left the station. 他们离开车站的时候，天正下着雨。
While I ______________ (play) on the computer, he knocked at the door.
◆◆ 现在完成时
1. 过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响。already，yet，just，never，before,so far，in the last past few days，
for+时间段 since+过去的时间点，ever since since then ever since then等。
Great changes (take place)in my hometown in the last past few years，
s been to 与havehas been in与havehas gone to的用法。
3. It is 段时间 since +从句（一般过去时）
4.关于瞬间动词： 在 现在完成时态中，终止性动词或非延续性动词，与一段时间连用时，我们常用相应的
延续性动词来代替短 暂性动词，有的可变为been+相应的介词形容词。常见的有：
borrow → buy → become → marry → finish → die → beginstart →
fall asleep → leave → open → close → join→ come→
练习：1、 He (come)Beijing since last year.

2、He (join)the army for three years.
3、It is three years since he （join） the army.
4、I (buy)the bike for a year. 5、I (see) this film yesterday.
6、I already (see) this film. 6、Tom (wtite)a letter to his parents last night.
7、Tom (write)a letter to his parents since two weeks..
◆◆ 过去完成时：1. 一件事情发生在过去，而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表示―过去的过去‖) ，那么发生
在先的事情的动词须用过去完成时.常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2012，
by the time等；2. 用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句中。
By the end of last term, he (learn)English for four years.
She said (that) she never been to Paris. 她说她从来没去过巴黎。
When the police arrived, the thieves (run) away.
When I got to the cinema, the film ________________ (已经开始) for five minutes.
◆◆ 一般将来时:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及打算、计划或准备要做的事。其构成形式为―will
shall+动词原形‖或―am is are going to+动词原形‖。与一般将来时连用的时间状语有：tomorrow，next
week，in five days等。
跟踪练习：
(

) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.


A. will
be going to B. will going to be
C. is going to be

D. will go to be
(

) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. i
sn’t working B. doesn’t working
C. isn’t going to working

D. won’t work
(

) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.

A. will be; is B. is; is
C. will be; will be

D. is; will be
(

) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.

A. was B. is going to have
C. will have

D. is going to be
(

) 5. –_____
___ you ________ free tomorrow?
– No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to;
will B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be

D. Are; going to be; will
be
(

) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.

A. will gives B. will give
C. gives

D. give
◆◆ 过去将来时：表示在过去看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态，其构成形式为―would+动词原形‖或―was
were going to+动词原形‖。与过去将来时态连用的时间状语有：the next day year，the following week
month等。具体运用时，多用于宾语从句或间接引语中。
He told me that he (visit) me if possible. 他说要是可能的话他会来.
Jim asked Lucy if she （buy）the new book. 吉姆问露西她是否将要买这本新书。

自我检测：
I．根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. It is a fine day. The sun _______________ (shine) brightly.
2. They _______________ (visit) the Science Museum next Sunday.
3. Mr. Brown _______________ (live) in Beijing since he came to China.
4. Mr. Wang _______________ (teach) us English two years ago.
5. The Smiths _______________ (watch) TV at this time last night.
6. We _______________ (learn) about ten English songs by the end of last term.
7. Father said that he _______________ (buy) a new bike for me the next Friday.
8. Bill isn’t here. He _______________ (chat) with his friends in the classroom.
9. The teacher said that the moon _______________ (go) round the earth.
10. The Young Pioneers will go to the zoo if it _______________ (not rain) this Sunday.
11. Listen! They _______________ (talk) about the new film.
12. Jim asked us what _______________ (happen) in China in 1976.
13. The host _______________ (interview) the little boy just now.
14. He said that he _______________ (ring) me up when he got there.
15. We _______________ (learn) English for about three years.
16. The farmers _______________ (pick) apples when I saw them.
17. The film _______________ (begin) when I got to the cinema.
18. The girl told me that she wanted to be an English teacher when she ___________ (grow) up.
19. Mr. Green _______________ (travel) to several places in South China since he came here.
20. I’ll go home as soon as I _______________ (finish) my homework.
II．根据句意，选择填空。
21. Tell Lily to call me as soon as she ________.A. will arrive B. gets there C. has gone D. reach here
22. —Hi, Kate. You look tired. What’s the matter?—I ________ well last night.

A. didn’t sleep B. don’t sleep C. haven’t slept D. won’t sleep
23. —Excuse me, look at the sign over there, please. Could you stop smoking?—Sorry, I ________ that.
A. didn’t see B. don’t see C. won’t see D. can’t see
24. —Well, I found this. I think it must be yours.—My watch! Thank you. Where ________ it?
A. do you find B. had you found C. were you finding D. did you find
25. —Do you know when Dr. White ____ for dinner this evening?—No, but I think he ______ when he is free.
A. will come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; comes D. comes; will come
26. Look at those black clouds. It ________ rain. Let’s hurry. A. maybe B. would C. has D. is going to
27. The Oriental Pearl TV Tower ________ thousands of visitors since 1995.
A. attracted B. attracts C. has attracted D. will attract
28. —Jimmy is leaving for a holiday. —Really? Where ________ he ________?
A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. does; go
29. —Shall we go shopping now?—Sorry, I can’t. I ________ my shirts.
A. wash B. washes C. washed D. am washing
30. I called you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.—Oh, I am sorry. I ____dinner at my friend’s home.
A. have B. had C. was having D. have had
31. —________ you ________ your e-mails today?—Not yet. There’s something wrong with my computer.
A. Have; checked B. Did; check C. Do; check D. Are; checking
32. —How do you like Beijing, Mr. Black?—Oh, I ________ such a beautiful city before.
A. don’t visit B. didn’t visit C. haven’t visited D. hadn’t visited
33. —Tom, may I borrow your book Chicken Soup?—Sorry, I ________ it to Mary.
A. lent B. have lent C. had lent D. lend
34. —Mum, may I go out to play football?—________ you ________ your homework yet?
A. Have; finished B. Do; finished C. Are; finishing D. Did; finish
35. —The train is leaving right now, but David hasn’t arrived yet.—Well, he said he ________ here on time.

A. came B. will be C. would come D. can be
36. —Why didn’t you go to the cinema yesterday?—Because I ________ the film before.
A. had seen B. have seen C. have watched D. has watched
37. Mr. Green ________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether he has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
38. Mr. White ________ the newspaper while his daughter ________ TV.
A. has read; was watching B. was reading; watched C. was reading; was watching D. reading; watched
39. Hurry up! The play ________ for ten minutes. A. has been on B. has begun C. had begun D. began
40. —May I speak to Mr. Smith?—Sorry, he ________ Australia. But he ________ in two days.
A. has been to; will come back B. has gone to; will be back
C. has been in; would come back D. is leaving for; doesn’t come back
41. —What a nice bike! How long ________ you ________ it?—Just two weeks.
A. have; bought B. did; buy C. have; had D. are; having
42.. So far, the population o
f this city ________ 7,120,000.
A. are

B. is

C. has been

D. has
43. He _______
_ wait until the rain ________.
A. won’t, will stop B. won’t, stop C. will, stops D. will, will
stop
44. —Did you go to Mich
ael’s birthday party yesterday?
—No, I________.
A. didn’t invite B. wasn’t invited C. am not invited D. haven’t invited
45. —I
don’t know if Louise ________.
—She _______
_ if it doesn’t snow, I think.
A. comes; will come B. comes; comes C
. will come; will come D. will

I got to the cinema, the film ____for ten minutes. A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. was
47.I’ll go with you as soon as I ____my homework .A .will finish B. finish C. am finishing D. finished
it _____ tomorrow, I won’t go to the cinema. A. will rain B. rains raining
is going to be a nurse when she _____up. going to grow g
句型变化：
1) They go to work by bike every day.
2) We are all teachers from the country.
3) He loves sports.
4) They are showing us around the farm.
5) He has already got up.
6)she went to see her uncle last night
7)we will play basketball tomorrow.