2017中考英语 动词时态和语态

动词的时态和语态

第一讲动词时态
【中考解读】
【考点分布】1.一般现在时
2.一般过去时
3.一般将来时
4.现在进行时
5.过去进行时
6.现在完成时
【考点内容】 了解并能运用常考的六种时态，尤其熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、进
行时等高频时态，正确辨析几种易混时态的区别。
【命题趋势】动词的时态是中考出现频率较高的语法项目之一。考题多以具体的语境为主，
体现了对语法知识、语境理解、语言交际能力的综合考查。
六种时态的构成和用法
1.一般现在时
种类
一般
现在
时
(考
查3
次）
意义
1.现在经
常性的状
态或动作

2.客观事
实和真理
构成特点
：用
amisare；
2.实义动词：
主语是第一、
二人称用原
形；第三人称
单数时，作谓
语的行为动
词词尾加
-s-es；其它人
称和数用动
词原形
时间标志词
often, sometimes,
usually, always,
never,
twice a month,
on Sundays,
Every
day weekmonth
year... (every系
列)
例句
The boy usually gets to s
chool early.
这个男孩经常到校很早。
The moon moves around
the earth. 月亮绕着地球
转。

【注：第三人称单数变化形式】
a)一般情况动词在词尾加-s .
come ---comes speak---speaks work---works live---lives
b)以o, s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词在词后加-es.
do---does go---goes finish--- finishes brush---brushes
fix---fixes pass---passes watch---watches
c)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的单词变y为i加-es.
Study---studies carry-carries cry---cries

第 1 页 共 1 页

d)以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词直接加-s.
play ---plays stay---stays
【2013中考真题训练】
uncle will come to see you as soon as he _________ here. (arrive)
（

）
physics teacher told us light _______ faster than sound.
A. travels B. traveled C. traveling D. to travel
【重庆1】 It will be hard for us to get up in the morning if we ____to bed too late．
A．go B. went C. will go D. have gone
【辽宁鞍山1】 It only_______ him 20 minutes __________to his office every day.
【重庆市A】In Chongqing, you can often see many people dance outside together if it
______ in the evening.
【四川南允2】34. Carmen likes musicians who ________ different kinds of music.
A. plays B. play C. is playing D. was playing
【广东省1】 —I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight.
—Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match ______.
A. starts B. started C. will start D. is starting
【四川广安2】—May I speak to Ms Lane, please?
—Sorry, she isn’t in right now. I’ll tell you as soon as she_____ back
tomorrow.
A. come B. comes C. will come
【山东滨州3】—Do you know if he will come tomorrow?
—No. But if he ____, I’ll call you to have a meal together.
A. will come B. won’t come C. comes D. doesn’t come
2.一般过去时
种类 意义 构成特点 时间标志词
a moment ago=
just now, ago,
last night week
month...
(last系
列), yesterday, t
he other day,
used to，
the day before
yesterday
例句
一般过
去时
(考查
10次）
表示
过去
的动
作或
状态

e+表语
2.实义动
词作谓语
We went to the History
Museum last Monday.
上周一我们去了历史博物馆。
I was busy yesterday.
我昨天很忙。
【湖南邵阳1】 you hear____ just now?
A. what I said B. what I'm saying C. what I says
【浙江嘉兴2】Tom ___ the piano every day when he was in primary school.
A. plays B. played C. was playing D. has played

.
【2014山东菏泽2】 ---Have you finished your homework yet?

第 2 页 共 2 页

---Yes, I ______ it twenty minutes ago.
A. have finished B. finished C. will finish D. had finished
3一般将来时
种
类
一
般

将

来

时
意
义
将
来
的
动
作
或
状
态
构成特
点
1.助动
词will
（shall
）+动词
原形

are goin
g to+动
词原形
时间标志词 例句 备注
tonight,
tomorrow,
the day after
tomorrow,
from now on,
soon,
in the future,
next year, next
week
monthterm.. (ne
xt系列)
The twins will go to the cine
ma with their parents
tonight.
这对双胞胎今晚和父母一
起去看电影。
在时间
和条件
状语从句中，
用一般
现在时
代替一
般将来
时。
【注意】：
（1）见表格一般将来时
（2）shall往往用于第一人称疑问句，will可用于任何人称。
（3）will常用于表邀请或命令时以及带有意愿色彩。
1.重庆A卷Don’t worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you ________ away
on business.
A. are B. were C. will be D. have been
2. 山东烟台 Yesterday the teacher told us the earth ______ the sun.
around B. went around C. is going around D. would go around
3.湖南长沙 ---I think I’ll take a bus to the meeting.
----The bus ? If you ______, you will be late.
done do
4.四川宜宾 We don’t know if our friend _____. If he _____, we’ll let you know.
, comes , will come come, comes
【新疆阜康市、米泉市2】 —Mike，you look so excited！
—Yeah! There ______ a tennis game played by Li Na this evening.
A. will have B. is going to be
C. is going to have D. are going to be
【贵州黔西南1】 There __ a basketball match between Class One and Class Three this
afternoon.
A. is going to be B. will have C. are going to be D. is going to have
【2014四川南允4】I don’t know if Tom _____ here tomorrow. If he ________, I’ll call you.
A. comes; comes B. will come; will come
C. comes; will come D. will come; comes
云南1】 If there ___ no buying and selling of animals, there will be no killing in
nature.

第 3 页 共 3 页

A. is B. will be C. has D. will have
—I'm not sure. There are still 3 rounds to come.
A. won B. has won C. will win D. Wins
【甘肃兰州3】We wonder if our teachers ___ to our graduating party next weekend.
If they ___，we’ll be very happy.
A. will come; will come B. come; will come
C. will come; come D. come; come
【安徽3】Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He ______ a speech there in two days.
A. gives B. gave C. will give D. has given
【山东枣庄1】 If I make a lot of money I ___ give some to medical research or
charities.
A. am going to B. can C. will D. should
4
现在进行时
种
类
意义 构成特
点
时间标志词 例句 备注
现
在
进
行
时
(考
查1
次）
1. 现在时刻动
作：目前正在
发生的动作。
2. 现阶段动
作：目前一个
时期一直在进
行的动作，此
刻不一定在进
行。
amisa
re+动
词的现
在分词
now, at present,

at the moment,
these days,
look, listen
Look! What are
the children
doing over there?
看，孩子们在那边
做什么？
come, go,
leave 等
少数动词
的现在进
行时形式
可表示将
要发生的
动作。

【 现在进行时的考点】
（1）在语境中判断该动词是否正在进行。
Don’t make any noise. Dad is sleeping.不要发出任何噪声，爸爸正在睡觉。
（2）表示位置移动或状态转移的动词（come，go，leave，arrive）
可用进行时表示将来的动作。
(3)表示静止状态（be，have，seem）、认识、感觉或情感
（see，hear，find，understand，know，think，like，lo ve，want，hope，prefer）
等动词一般没有进行时态
【注】动词现在分词的构成
① 一般动词直接在词后加-i
② 以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，应先去掉 e 然后加 – in
③ 以“一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母”结尾的动词，应先双写这个辅音字母然后再加-ing

第 4 页 共 4 页

stop–stopping begin–beginning dig –digging swim–swimming
run –running sit–sitting
(注意：listen – listening open – opening eat – eating
rain – raining sleep - sleeping)
1.四川成都-----Lily, where is your father now? Go and get him for lunch.
----Just a moment, please. Father _____ a phone call in his room.
B. is making making
2.江西 ----May I speak to Mrs. Black ?
----Sorry, mum can’t come to the phone now. She _____ a shower.
having having
3福建福州----Pass the raincoat to me. It_____hard now.
----Here you are.
raining rain
4.湖南株洲 Don’t enter the area. The students_____an English exam.
taking taken
5.江苏南京 ----Hi, Nora. Is your mother at home ?
---Just a minute. She _____flowers in the garden.
planting d planted
4.
过去进行时

种
类
过
去
进
行
时
意义 构成特
点
waswere
+动词的
现在分
词
时间标志词 例句
过
某
正
进
的
作
去
时
在
行
动
at that time, this
time yesterday,
at 1:00 last
night,at that
moment, then;
when表示过去
时间的状语从句
I was reading when he came in
.当他进来的时候，我正在读书。
—What were you doing at nine last
night? 昨天晚上9点你正在干什
么？
—I was watching TV at that time.
那时我正在看电视。
过去进行时的考点
（1）在过去某个时间点或过去某个阶段发生的事情用过去进行时。 （2）在复合句中，如果两个动作同时发生，那么延续性动词用过去进行时；短暂性动词用
一般过去 时。通常在when或while引导的时间状语从句中出现。
I am doing my homework when he came.当他来的时候我正在做作业
【四川凉山3】 --- It seems that you are happy. Why?
---I met an old friend of mine while I ______ on the street.
A. walks B. walk C. was walking D. am walking
【江苏扬州4】一Has your friend completed his design?
一Not yet. He________ on it last night.
A. worked B. has worked C. is working D. was working
【湖南长沙3】Little Tom ____computer games when his mother got home.
A. is playing B. plays C. was playing

第 5 页 共 5 页

【甘肃兰州4】She ____ to an English program while her parents____TV.
A. was listening; is watching B. listened; were watching
C. was listening; watched D. was listening; were watching
【江苏无锡2】—Has David finished his project yet?
—I guess not. He ___ on it at lunchtime. Do you want me to confirm it?
A. is working B. was working
C. has worked D. had worked
【山东威海4】 —Alan! Why are you so late?
—Sorry! When I _______ home, I met one of my old friends.
A. went B. am walking C. has gone D. was walking
5.现在完成时
种
类
现
在
完
成
时

(
考
查
9
次
)
意义 构成特
点
时间标志词 例句 备注
1.到现在
为止已经
完成的动
作，对现在
还有影响
2.从过去
开始延续
到现在的
动作或状
态
havehas
+动词
的过去
分词
yet, still, just, s
o far, before, re
cently, once,
already, lately,
ever, never, sin
ce 1996,
in the lastpast..
., for ten years
(for系列)
He has only been to
the Great Wall once
.
他仅仅去过一次长
城。
I have been in the Y
outh Volunteers for
five years
. 我来到青年志愿
者有五年了。
already, yet常和现在 完成时连用，
already用于肯定句，可放在助动
词之后，过去分词之前，也可放在
句末。 yet用在疑问句中，意为“已
经”,在否定句中表示“还”,常放在
句末。
【备注】：
（1）already, yet常和现在完成时连用， already用于肯 定句，可放在助动词之后，过去分
词之前，也可放在句末。yet用在疑问句中，意为“已经”，用在否 定句中表示“还”，常放
在句末
【现在完成时的考点】
【考点1】(1)since后面的从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；但主句描述“??时间”
的时候，多使用一般现在时。
It is ten years since he moved to this city. 自从他搬到这座城市已经10年了。
(2)“in + the pastlast+一段时间”用在现在完成时中，
Guangzhou has changed a lot in the past ten years. 在过去的十年里，广州变化很大。
（3）短暂性动词不与一段时间连用，“一段时间”在初中阶段一般只有三种形式，即“for+
一段时间”；“since+时间点”；“How long+??”。如果要与一段时间连用必须换成延续
性动词。
I have had the book for two days. 这本书我已经买了两天了。（用had不用bought）
I have been in Tokyo for two weeks. 我已经来东京两周了。（用been in 不用come to）

第 6 页 共 6 页

【考点2】现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
（1）侧重点不同：现在完成时是与现在有关的时 态，属现在时态范畴，它侧重于过去的动
作对现在造成的影响。而一般过去时是一种过去时态，侧重于表 示过去的动作，与现在无
关。
Yesterday I went to the park.昨天我去了公园。（仅说明昨天去了公园，与现在无关）
Li Lei has read the book.李磊已看过那本书。（说明李磊了解那本书的内容）
(2)连用的时间状语不同：与现在完成时连用的时间状语有already, yet, still, just, so far, in
the lastpast, before, ever, never, since引出的时间，for引出的时间等。而一般过去时则常与
ago, yesterday, last, in 2014, just now等连用。
注意：现在完成时态不可与yesterday, last week, two days ago之类的过去时间状语连用。
Have you ever picked flowers or stepped on the grass in park?
你们曾在公园里摘过花或踩过草地吗？
Father bought that watch ten years ago.爸爸十年前买了那块手表。
I have never seen the film before.我以前从没看过这部影片。
【考点3】：have been to, have gone to与have been in的区别
①have been to表示“曾经去过某地”，常与just, ever, never连用；后可接次数，
如once, twice, three times等，表示“去过某地几次”；
②have gone to意为“去了某地”，表示到了某 地或正在去某地的途中，总之说话时该人不
在现场，一般不用第一、第二人称作主语；
③have been in表示“在某地待多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用
Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海三天了。
—Where is Tom?汤姆在哪里？
—He has gone to the bookshop.他到书店去了。
The manager isn
’
t in his office. He ________ to Kunming on business. (go)
1．重庆A卷I ________ the History Museum twice. I’ve learned a lot there.
A. visit B. am visiting C. have visited D. will visit
2.山东青岛William Shakespeare ______ for 400 years, but his works still have great influence
today. A. died B. was dying C. has died D. has been dead
3山东烟台 ---Lucy has ______ to London. How can I get in touch with her ?
---Don’t worry. She will phone you as soon as she _____ there.
A. been, will get B. been, gets C. gone, will get D. gone, gets
4.四川自贡 I _____ my hometown for a long time. I really miss it.
A. went away from B. have been away from C. have left
5.江西 The water ______ dark and dirty. It’s no longer safe to drink.
become become D. was becoming
6.福建福州----The boy misses his parents very much.
----So he does. They ______ the hometown for nearly two years.
A. have left leave C. have been away
8.天津 ----What a nice watch! How long _____ you ____it ?
----For just two weeks.
, buy , had , having , buy
9.四川达州----Look at these stamps. I _____ them for five years.
----Wow, they are fantastic.
kept bought ed

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10.四川攀枝花He speaks English very well because he _____ in the US for 20 years.
lived lived
11.山东威海----Is that a new coat ?
----No, I _____ it for a long time.
bought had
【方法突破】
根据云南近四年真题分析可以看出，初中阶段需掌握六种基本时态。
学生应掌握动词时态的判断技巧来解题，
①根据时间状语确定时态；
②根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态；
③利用上下文句意和母语知识判断句子的时态；
④在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态。
1. 根据时间状语确定时态（考查3次）

2. 根据上下文已有的时态信息确定时态(考查6次)
在这种情况下，动词的时态是由上下文已有的时态信息来确定，这就要求我们准确判断
上下文所表达的时态信息来确定恰当的时态。
【真题链接】
大理35题】—What does your mother do to keep healthy, Tim?
—She usually_____.
A. swim B. swims C. is swimming D. to swim
3. 利用上下文语境判断句子的时态（考查7次）
在有些情况下，动词的时态是由上下文语境来决定 的，这就要求我们既要理解上下文表
达的语境，也要掌握各种时态的灵活运用
【真题链接】
【云南30题】—Where is Jack？
— On the playground. He _____football with his classmates.
A. play B. played C. is playing D. was playing
4. 在复合句中根据时态呼应确定时态
主从复合句中谓语动词时态的一致主要有以下几种情况：
①“主将从现”原则。如果主句是一般将来时,从句是由 when, after, before, not... until, as
soon as 等引导的时间状语从句以及由 if, unless 引导的条件状语从句，谓语动词应
用一般现在时表示将来时。（考查3次）
【真题链接】
【云南30题】If there _____no buying and selling of animals, there will be no killing in
nature.
②“时态一致”原则。在含有宾语从句的主从复合句中，当主句的谓语动词为过去时态时，
从句的谓语动词须用相应的某种过去时态。（考查2次）
【2014曲靖48题】After travelling, students talked about_____.
A. what did they get B. what they got C. what will they get D. what they get
③在主从复合句中， 如果主句和从句的谓语动词表示的两个动作都发生在过去，而且有明
显的先后顺序，那么，延续性动词用 过去进行时，短暂性动词用一般过去时。通常在when
和while引导的时间状语从句中出现。
【12. 四川广安----Yunnan is very beautiful. I ______ there last year.

第 8 页 共 8 页

-----Yes, I ______there twice.
, have gone , have been gone, went been, went
13.四川南充----How long _____ your brother _____ this camera ?
----For two weeks.
, bought , had , had , bought
14.甘肃武威 The movie _____for about 5 minutes, so let’s see the next one.
been on started d
15.江苏盐城 It seems that El Nino ______some disasters in the world in the past few months.
caused is causing cause
16.湖南郴州Yangjiang, a famous female writer , ______for about a month so far.
been dead been died
第二讲动词语态
【中考解读】
【考点分布】1.一般时态的被动语态
2.现在完成时的被动语态
3.含情态动词的被动语态
【考点内容】 熟悉各种时态的被动语态的形式和用法
【命题趋势】1.在今后的中考中，仍以一般时态的被动语态考查为主
2.在具体语境中，动词的语态的辨析是重点，主要考查一般现在时、一般过去
时及含情态动词的被动语态。
1. 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
（1）主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
Many people speak English. 很多人说英语。
（2）被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动词的对象
Chinese is spoken by many people. 汉语被很多人说。(Chinese是动词speak的承受者)
2. 被动语态的用法及构成：
（1）被动语态的用法：
①不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。如：
My bike was stolen yesterday.昨天我的自行车被偷了。
（并不知道是谁偷了我的自行车）
②强调动作的执行者时，使用“by+执行者”。
The pen was used by my father.这支钢笔是我父亲使用过的。
只有及物动词才有被动语态。不及物动词如rise, come, go, take place, happen等，
没有被动语态。
（2）被动语态由“系动词be+及物动词的过去分词（用done表示）”构成。常见的
动词被动结构如下：
时态
一般现在时
（考查3
次）
被动结构 例 句
be(amisare)+动
词的过去分词
This kind of car is made in China.这种车是中国
制造的。

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一般过去时
（考查17
次）
一般将来时
（考查2
次）
情态动词
（考查3
次）
be(waswere)+动
词的过去分词
The flying disk was invented by college students.
willshall+be+动
词的过去分词
The bridge will be finished in a month.
这座桥将在一个月内竣工。
情态动词+be+过
去分词
Such work can be done in an hour or so.
1.重庆A卷Students do less homework now. Usually it ________ before 9 o’clock in the
evening.）
A. finishes B. finished C. is finished D. was finished
2.山东青岛 Children should ______ to be honest from a young age.
A. educate B. be educated C. punish D. be punished
3.山东泰安 More chances _______ for students to learn from each other if working in groups.
A. provide B. are provided C. provided D. will provide
4.四川成都 You are not supposed to go to a family party unless you _____to in the USA.
not invited invited be invited
5.江西 I plan to build an unusual house. It ______ out of old things.
built built built be built
6.山东临沂 Now all Chinese couple ______to have two children.
A. allow d allowed allowed
注意： 不能使用被动语态的情况
（1）连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：
The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。
（2）有些词组的主动形式表被动含义，如：need doing (需要做某事)，be worth
doing (值得做某事)等
Your bedroom is in a mess. It needs cleaning right now.
你的卧室太乱了，需要马上清理。
The story happened on a cold night. (√)
The story was happened on a cold night.（×） 故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。
3. 主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1) 转换图示：

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口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓语动词用被动
(2)方法突破：
分析近几 年考情发现，涉及语态的试题的选项中通常有两个主动，两个被动，并且有
现在时态和过去时态。学生在 做题时，可从以下角度入手分析：
① 读懂句意，确定主语，判断主语表示人还是物，当主语为人时， 需根据句意及谓语动词
判断该动作是否是主语发出，若为主语发出，用主动语态，若不是主语发出，用被 动语态。
物作主语的时候，谓语动词要用被动语态，由此可排除掉主动语态的选项。
② 再结合句意及给出的时间状语或已经发生动作的时态，选取对应的时态。
注意：不能使用被动结构的情况
（1）连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等，以主动形式表示被动含义。如：
The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。
The watch looks good.这表看起来很好
（2）有些词组的主动形式表被动含义，如：need doing (需要做某事)，be worth doing (值
得做某事)等。
Your bedroom is in a mess. It needs cleaning right now. 你的卧室太乱了，需要马上清理一下。
（3）表示“发生”的happen或take place，无被动结构。
The story happened on a cold night. (√)
The story was happened on a cold night.（×） 故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。
7.湖南长沙 Now smart phones ______in many ways in our daily life.
used used using
8.福建福州 ----When is the 31th Olympic Games ?
----It ______in Rio de Janerio of Brazil in August ,2016.
held be held
9.湖南株洲 Artemisinin____by Tu Youyou, a great Chinese scientist.
invented ed invented
10.南京It’s reported that Jiangsu Grand Theater _____in September this year.
tes completed complete be completed
11.天津 Paper _____first _____ about 2,000 years ago in China.
, creating created , created created
12.山东菏泽When you go abroad, you’ll find so many products in local shops ______ in China.
made made
13.四川达州---Where would you like to go on vacation this summer ?
----Brazil. Because the 31
st
Rio Olympic Games _____ there.

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be held hold be happened held
14.山东威海----There aren’t any libraries in our town, are there ?
----No, but it is said one _____ next year.
be built built build
15. 重庆B卷 --- Mom, where is my model plane?
--- Oh, it ______ to Jenny yesterday.
A. is lent B. lends C. was lent D. Lent
16.安徽 When the baby dog _____, it was very hungry. So we gave it some food.
found found been found be found
17.四川广安---You speak Chinese very well, Sam.
----Thanks. Chinese is very popular. It _____ widely in the world.
spoke spoken spoken
18.四川绵阳---Your classroom is so clean.
---Of course. It _____ every day.
cleaned cleaned d
19.新疆阜康、米泉---Wow, your hat looks so beautiful .
----It _____ by my aunt. She is working in China.
bought bought bought bought
20.四川巴中As far as I know, tea plants _____on the sides of mountains.
growed grown


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