18 19Unit3SectionⅢGrammar现在完成时的被动语态

Section山 Grammar ------- 现在完成时的被
动语态
［语境自主领悟］
先观察课文原句
1. Over time I have been changed
quite a lot.
2. I have been usedn offices and
homes since the 1970s
3. Over time my memory has
developed so much that like an
elephan, I never forget anything I
have been told!
4. Since the 1970s many new
applicati ons have been founcfor me.
5. The ink has not been removed
from the clothes


后自主感悟
1. 例句1, 3中的谓语是由 have+ been
+ done构成的现在元成时的被动语态 的肯
定形式，强调过去的动作对现在造成 的影响
或产生的结果。
2. 例句2, 4中的谓语是由 have+ been
+ done构成的现在元成时的被动语态 的肯
定形式，表示一个被动的动作开始于 过去，
持续到现在，并有可能持续下去。
3 .例句5中的谓语是由 has+ not + been
+ done构成的现在元成时的被动语态 的否
定形式。
［语法精要点拨］
一、 现在完成时的被动语态的构成
haveha外 been +过去分词
二、 现在完成时的被动语态的常用句式
冃疋式
否定式
一般疑问式
特殊疑问式
主语+ havehas bee n done.
主语+ havehas not bee n done
HaveHas+ 主语+ been done.. ?
疑问词+ havehas^主语+ been done.. ?
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The city has been swepthrough by heat wave rece
ntly 最近炎热横扫了这座城市。
His work has not been finished
他的工作尚未完成。
Have the new book ing systems for ticketsbeen used?
第1页

新的订票制度已在使用中了吗？
How long has the battery not been changed?
电池多久没有更换了？
［即时训练1］根据要求变换句子
The childre n have already bee n told the good n ews
① 将上面的句子变为否定句。
The children haven t_beer_told the good news yet
② 将上面的句子变为一般疑问句。
Have_the_children_beer_told the good news yet?
③ 对上面的句子中的the children进行提问。
Who has been told the good news yet?
三、现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1 ?表示被动的动作在说话之前已经完成，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影 响或产
生的结果
通常与 already, yet, never, recently 等副词及时间状语 so far, by now, up till
now, before... 等连用。
The work has already been finished
工作已完成了。
（
结果是现在不用做这项工作了
）
The doctor hasn't been sentfor yet.
还没有派人去请医生。
（
现在应派人去请医生
）
2 ?表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下 去
常与for或si nee引导的时间状语连用，或用于 How Ion g... ?句型中。
The mach in ehas been repairedfor two hours.
这台机器已经修了两个小时了。
（
可能还会继续被修
）
3?用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在 完成时
的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。
You can go home as soon as your tashas been finished
你的任务一完成就可以回家。
［即时训练2］用所给动词的适当形式填空
第2页

① In the last few years thousands of films have_beer_produced （produce） all
over the world.
② Though we don't know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic has been
changed （change）
四、使用现在完成时的被动语态要注意以下几点
1. 与一般过去时的被动语态的区别
一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系， 而现在
完成时的被动语态则强调与现在的情况有联系。
The park was openedto the public last year
去年这家公园向公众开放。
（
说明动作发生于过去
）
The park has been opened
。
the public.
这家公园已向公众开放。
（
说明动作发生于过去，但对现在有影响，即现在 公园
已经开放了
）
2. 非延续性动词
如 borrow, finish, beg in, start, buy, marry, ope n, join 等构成的现在完成 时
的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 若要表达相应的意思，则要改换 动词或
时态。
The work was finishedtwo weeks ago
这项工作在两周前已经完成。
The work has been finished
这项工作已经完成。
3. 短语动词
短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，在被动语态中要保持完整性，其中的介词 或副
词不可省略。
It is said that the problemhas been looked into
据说已经调查了这个问题。
4. 带有复合宾语的动词
变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾补改为主语补足语。注意: 原来
作宾补的省略to的不定式在被动语态中要用带to的不定式。
第3页

I have told them to help you
f They have been toldto help you.
5. 带有双宾语的动词
如 give, send, bring, take, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell,
buy, pay, lend, pass promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将间接宾语变 为被动语态
的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相 应的介词。
The compa ny has give n him a cha nee to work abroad rece ntly
f He has been givena cha nee to work abroad rece ntly (by the compa ny)
f A chanceto work abroad has been given to himrecently (by the company).
［即时训练3］用所给动词的适当形式填空
① The bridge near the village wasbuilt(build) last year.
② No books have been bought(buy) since last week
③ An e- mail has_been_sent(se nd) to me by now
［语法应用落实］
I
.单句语法填空
1. The dictionary is out of date
：
many words have been added (add) to the Ian
guage since it was published
2. In recent years stress ha_beer_regarded (regard) as a cause of a whole range
of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness
3. When I reached the station the tickets had been sold (sell) out.
4. This book has_been_translated (translate) into many Ianguages so far
5. Our classroom ha_been_cleaned (clean) so you need'nt clean it now.
6. These flowers havebeen watered (water) so you can go home
【导学号:73752019】
7. When you get the paper back pay special attention to what ha_been_marked
(mark).
8. The house waswashed (wash) away by the storm yesterday
9. The computer ha_been_repaired (repair) for two days
10. How many new words have_beer_learned (learn) by the students up to now?
n
.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误
)
第4页

1. The new dictionaries are very usefu, so they have sold out already have后
力口 been
2. The problem has bee n paid eno ugh atte nti on since it came up at the meeti
ng then, attention 后力口 to
3. rm sorry
,
but the letters havent been typed alreadyalready
f
yet
4. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a
very serious problem 去掉 been
5. We won' t start the work until all the preparations will have been made 去掉
will
川.用被动语态改写句子
【导学号:73752019】
1. The storm has caused millions of pounds worth of damage
f Millions _of_pounds_ worth_of_damage_has_been_caused_by_the_storm.
2. They have asked him some difficult questions
f
Some difficult questions have been asked by them.
3. Tom has give n me two tickets for the new play Would you like to go with me?
f
l_have_been_given_two_tickets_for_th e_new_play. Would you like to go
with me?
4. They haver't watered the flowers for several days
f
The flowers haven't been watered for several days
5. I have made him work hard
f
He has been made to work hard.
第5页