脚踝怎么读-放弃的英语
Module 3 The Violence of Nature Section Ⅲ
Grammar 过去完成
时的被动语态和间接引语
语法图解
探究发现
①By the time it ended, more than 700
people had been killed and 2,700 had been
injured.
②By the late 1890s, he had moved
to Galveston, where he died in 1899, a year
before the hurricane struck.
③Coghlan
traveled back to Canada — after he had been buried
in Texas!
④She says, “Tom was very kind.”
→She says that Tom was very kind.
⑤He
asked, “Will you go to the party?”
→He asked
whetherif I would go to the party.
⑥She asked
me, “When do they have their dinner?”
→She
asked me when they had their dinner.
⑦The
teacher said,“About 70% of the earth’s surface is
covered with water.”
→The teacher said that
about 70% of the earth’s surface is covered with
water.
[我的发现]
(1)②句采用了过去完成时,其构成形式为:主语+had_done。
(2)①③句采用了过去完成时的被动语态,其构成形式为:主语+had_been_done。 <
br>(3)④~⑦句均为直接引语变间接引语的句子,在变间接引语时,人称、时态、语序等
<
br>方面都要做相应的变化。
(4)由⑦句可知,若直接引语为客观真理,变间接引语时,时态不变。
一、过去完成时的被动语态
1.概念:过去完成时的被动语态表示动作在过去某一时刻或某一
动作之前已完成,且
主语与谓语动词存在被动关系。
2.构成
(1)肯定结构:主语+had been done
(2)否定结构:主语+had
not been done
?
?
Had+主语+been done ...(3)疑问句结构:
?
?
?
特殊疑问词+had+主语+been
done
3.用法
(1)在told, said, knew,
heard, thought,
found等动词后的宾语从句中,表示宾语
从句中的动作已被做完时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。
He heard that the tickets had already been
sold out.
他听说票已售完。
The newspaper reported
more than 1,000 people had been killed in the
hurricane.
报纸报道说有一千多人在飓风中丧生。
[即时演练1] 完成句子
①She told me that she had_been_dismissed by
her boss.
她告诉我,她的老板已把她解雇(dismiss)了。
②He
said (that) he had_never_been_shown_around Paris.
他说从来没有人领他参观过巴黎。
(2)before, when, by the
time, until, after,
once等引导的时间状语从句的谓语
是一般过去时,以及by, before后面接过去的时间时,
主句动作发生在从句的动作或过去
的时间之前且表示被动时,要用过去完成时的被动语态。
By the time she was 13, my sister had been
sent to America.
我姐姐13岁前就已经被送到美国了。
200
cars had been produced by the end of last year.
到去年年底,已经生产了200辆汽车。
(3) It was the
firstsecond ... time that
...句中that引导的定语从句中,主语
与谓语构成动宾关系时,要用过去完成时的被动的语态。
It was the third time that he had been beaten
black and blue.
那是他第三次被打得青一块紫一块的。
(
4)在虚拟语气中,条件句表示与过去事实相反,且主语与谓语构成动宾关系时,要用
过去完成时的被动
语态。
If I had been invited earlier, I would
have gone there.
如果早点儿邀请我的话,我就去那儿了。
[即时演练2]
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空
①By the end of
last year, 10,000 trees had_been_planted (plant)
in that village.
②His village had_been_flooded
(flood) in the heavy rain, so he moved to his
parents’ house.
③He found that his wallet
had_been_stolen (steal) on the bus.
④It was
the second time that Tom had_been_punished
(punish) so seriously.
(2)完成句子
①His newly
written novel had_been_translated_into_English by
the end of last
month.
上个月末,他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。
②Her homework
had_not_been_finished when I got home.
我到家的时候,她的作业还没有完成。
③How many buildings
had_been_destroyed when the hurricane ended?
飓风结束的时候,有多少建筑物被毁坏了?
二、间接引语
1.基本概念
直接引语表示直接引用别人的原话,通常都用引号括起来。间接引语表示用自己的话把
别人的话转述出来
。间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句。
2.句式的转换
(1)陈述句的转换
(2)一般疑问句的转换
(3)特殊疑问句的转换
(4)选择疑问句的转换
用whether
... or ...表达,而不用if ... or ...也不用either ... or ...。
He asked,“Do you speak English or French?”
→He asked me whether I spoke English or
French.
(5)祈使句的转换
He said, “Do it now and
don’t put it off until tomorrow.”
→He told me
to do it then and not to put it off until the next
day.
[名师点津] 由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:①不变的真理;②经常的习惯;③历史事件;④部分情态动词,如must, ought to, had better等。
[即时演练3] 句型转换
①“I like reading adventure
stories,” said John.
→John said
(that)_he_liked reading adventure stories.
②You have finished the homework, haven’t
you?”my mother asked.
→My mother asked me
whether_I_had_finished the homework.
③“Do you
go to school by bus or by bike?”, he asked me.
→He asked me whether_I_went_to_school by bus
or by bike.
④She asked John,“Where are you
going for your summer holiday?”
→ She asked
John where_he_was_going for his summer holiday.
⑤Don’t make any noise,” she said to the
children.
→She told the_children_not_to_make
any noise.
⑥He said, “Let’s go to the film.”
→He suggested going_to_the_film.
→He
suggested that they_should_go_to_see the film.
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2015·北京高考改编)I
truly believe that beauty comes from within.
2.(2015·福建高考改编)—I wonder how Mary has kept her
figure after all these
years.
—By working
out every day.
3.(2015·湖南高考改编)You have to
know where you’re going if you are to plan
the
best way of getting there.
4.(2015·四川高考改编)The
exhibition tells us why we should do something to
stop air pollution.
5.If it
had_been_repaired (repair) earlier, the printing
machine would not have
broken down.
6.At
the end of the meeting, it was announced that an
agreement had_been_reached
(reach).
7.By
the end of last year, another new gymnasium
had_been_completed (complete)
in Beijing.
8.Experiments of this kind had_been_conducted
(conduct) in both the U.S. and
Europe long
before the Second World War.
9.John had to
have his car repaired in a garage because it
had_been_damaged
(damage) seriously.
10.-George and Lucy got married last week. Did
you go to their wedding?
-No, I
hadn’t_been_invited (not invite). Did they have a
big wedding?
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.(2015·广东高考写作)Confronted with the misbehavior
of her new class, Sally
worked out 10 rules
and asked the_students_to_follow_them.
面对她的新班级学生的不礼貌行为,Sally制定出十条规定并且让学生遵守。
2.(2014·重庆高考写作)With the gift, he included a
letter, in which he told
me that_he_had_made
the paper cutting himself.
礼物中包括一封信,信中告诉我他自己做的剪纸。
3.(2014·湖北高考短文写作)Sensing my state of
puzzlement, my teacher told me
that_by_just_fo
cusing_my_attention_on_small_things,_I can make a
big difference.
觉察到我的迷惑,我的老师让我把注意力只集中在小东西上,我会有所作为。
4.Miss
Wu asked Tom why_he_hadn’t_turned_off the light
when he left.
吴老师问汤姆为什么走的时候不关灯。
5.Yesterday our teacher told us that
light_travels_much_faster_than_sound.
昨天老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快得多。
6.This job
proved to be much more difficult than the one I
had_been_offered
before.
这项工作被证明比以前我做的工作要难得多。
7.She told me that
she_had_lived_there five years before.
她告诉我她5年前在那儿住过。
8.Book 3
had_been_finished_learning till last week.
第三册直到上周才学完。
Ⅲ.短文改错
All of us know the
old saying “Practice make perfect.” It tells us
unless we
want to realize our aim, we should
practice, and one day we will make it. It’s easy
to understand. Once I wanted to learn
swimming. At first I found difficult to control
my body. I just sank into the water. I feel
very frightened. Then I watched others
who
were good at them and asked them the key to
succeed. I went to the swimming pool
every
day, learned from them and practiced. A day, when
my friend pushed me into
the swimming pool, I
sudden found that I could swim. How exciting I
was! Now I can
swim much more better than
before.
答案:第一句:make→makes
第二句:unless→if
第五句:found后加it
第七句:feel→felt
第八句:第一个them→it; succeed→success
第十句:A→One;
sudden→suddenly
第十一句:exciting→excited
第十二句:去掉more
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