高中英语时态之现在完成时

现在完成时
1、概念：表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作或者表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。
2、时间状语：already, before, ever, just, lately, never, once, recently, yet, until now, so far,
in the past few years, up to the present等。
3、基本结构：havehas done


havehas done
肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句
特殊疑问句
The old man has lived here for more than twenty years.

The old man hasn’t lived here for more than twenty years.
Has the old man lived here for more than twenty years?
How long has the old man lived here?
4、现在完成时的用法：
1）现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在造成一定的影响：这种用法的时间状语有四类，如下：

【例句】
I have just finished my homework.
I have seen the film three times.
Up to now we have planted over 24,000 fruit trees.
Great changes have taken place in the past twenty years in China.
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2）现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态：这种用法通常与由since或for引导的时间状语 连用，动词
需要使用延续性动词。

【例句】 I haven’t been here for five years.
There have been a lot of changes since 1978.
She has worked as an English teacher since she left University.
3）现在完成时可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作：
【例句】 We have had four texts this semester.
He has failed many times recently.
4）have been to和have gone to的区别：
① have been to强调“去过”，现在已经不在那里；
② have gone to强调的是“去了”，现在还在那里或在去那里的路上。
【例句】 He has been to the USA three times. （过去“去过美国”，现在已“不在美国”）
--Where’s your mother?
--She has gone to the hospital. （现在在医院，或者去医院的路上）
另外，has been in表示“一直在某地”，如：


We have been in Beijing for a whole year.
5）使用现在完成时的固定句型：
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后三个句型也可以用一般过去时（was），此时从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。如：
There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.

二、现在完成进行时
1、概念：表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。
2、时间状语：主要有 ① since + 时间点； ② since + 从句； ③ for + 时间段
3、基本结构：havehas been doing

肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句
特殊疑问句
havehas been doing
I have been sitting here for an hour.
I haven’t been sitting here for an hour.
Have you been sitting here for an hour?
How long have you been sitting here?
4、现在完成进行时的用法：
1）现在完成进行时表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作或刚刚结束的动作：
【例句】 I’ve been writing letters all this morning. 我写了一上午信。（动作刚刚结束，不再继续）
O’Neil is ill. He’s been lying in the bed for three weeks.
奥尼尔在病中，已经卧床3个星期了。（动作会继续下去）
2）现在完成进行时表示从过去到现在的重 复性动作：现在完成进行时的这种用法所表示的并不是一直在进行的
动作，而是断断续续地反复发生的动 作。
【例句】 That reporter has been contributing articles to this magazine all these years.
这些年那个记者一直为这家杂志撰稿。（断断续续地反复发生的动作）
We’ve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 最近我们经常见面。
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3）现在完成进行时强调动作延续时间的长久或带感情色彩：
【例句】 She has always been working like that. 她一贯是这样工作的。
4）动词本身不包含持续意义，若要表示动作延续到现在，可以用现在完成进行时：
【例句】 They’ve been building a ship. 他们一直在造一艘船。（在进行）

5、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别：
1）现在完成进行时更强调动作的延续性，它是现在完成时的强调形式。试比较：
We’ve been living here for ten years.
We’ve lived here for ten years.
2）在不用时间状语的情况下， 现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行。而现在完成时则表示动作在过去已结束。试
比较：
The students have been preparing for the exam. （还在进行）学生们一直在准备考试。
The students have prepared for the exam. （已经结束）学生们为考试作了准备。
3）有些表示状态，感情，感觉的动词如: have, exist, like, hate, hear, know, sound等动词不能用于现在完成进行时，
但可用于现在完成时。如：
They’ve known each other since 1970.
典型例题


Tom in the library every night over the last three months.
A. works B. worked C. have been working D. had been working
【解析】C.本题考查时态。题干中出现的over the last three months，用于现在完成进行时或现在完成时。选项中只有
C项符 合题意。句意为：在过去三个月里，Tom一直每晚在图书馆奋战。

These interesting articles were written by Anna, who for our magazine these years.
A．wrote B．would write C．is writing D．has been writing
【解析】D. 本题考查时态。句意为：这些有趣的文章是安娜写的，她这些年一直为我们杂志撰稿。表示断断续续地
反 复发生的动作，应该用现在完成进行时。

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（建议 5 分钟）

30. —Jack, do you know anything about Doctor Brown?
— I ______ to him for years. I don’t see how anyone else could do better.
A. went

24. ––Why do you want to apply for the position as a history teacher?
––This is the job that I ______.
A. looked for

31．—Bob! How’s your project? I heard you started it last Friday，right?
—Oh！I for it．But I haven’t decided when to do it．
A．have prepared
C．have been preparing

30．It’s nice to see you again. What since we last met?



26．—Why are your hands so dirty?
—I in the garden．
A．was working
C．worked

28. I won’t invite you to the house warming party until we _____ in.
A. are moving

22. --This is the most exciting movie I have ever watched.
-- Where did you get that DVD? I _______ to find it since last summer.
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B. will go C. had gone D. have been going
B. had looked for C. will look for D. have been looking for






B．had prepared
D．was preparing
A．have you done B．had you done
D．did you do C．have you been doing




B．have worked
D．have been working
B. will move C. have moved D. moved

A. was trying B. tried C. had tried

D. have been trying
23. —I wonder if you could go with me to the supermarket.
—Don
’
t disturb me. I
_____
my experiment report all the morning and haven’t finished yet.
A. write B. was writing
C. have written D. have been writing

22. Mr. Smith _____ these days. I think he should take a holiday before he burns out.
A. has been overworking B overworked
C. had overworked D. was overworking

32．Since he left our school last August, Mr. Newman ______ on a photography exhibition．



22. With its rapid growth in population, the city _____ in all directions in the last five years.
A. spreads

22．My father _____ away for two months．I want to do something special for him when he comes back next week．


答案： DDCCD CDDAD DB

A．will be B．has been C．was D．had been
B. had spread C. spread D. has spread
A．worked
C．had worked
B．is working
D．has been working
三、过去完成时
1、概念: 以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即 “过去的过
去”。句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用。
2、时间状语: before + 过去时间点； by + 过去时间点；by the end of + 过去时间点, etc.
3、基本结构: had + done

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肯定句
否定句
一般疑问句
by特殊疑问句
4、过去完成时的用法:
had + done

By the end of last term we had finished the book.
By the end of last term we hadn’t finished the book.
Had you finished the book by the end of last term?
What had you done by the end of last term?
1）过去完成时表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by, before 等介词短语或一个时
间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成：
【例句】 We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in.
By the end of last year they had turned out 5,000 bicycles.
2）动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意
图或愿望等没有实现：
【例句】 I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasn’t able to get away.
这种用法也可以用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示，即：
expected hoped meant intended planned supposed wished wanted desired…+ to have done
3）过去完成时常用于以下固定句型：

注意当hardly, scarcely, no sooner放在句首时，主句要用倒装语序。

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5、过去完成时考点分析: 常用过去完成时的几种情况
1）在by, by the end, by the time, until, before后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句时，常用过去完成时表示在此之
前发生的动作：
【例句】 By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars.
The train had left before we reached the station.
2）表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、愿望等，常用had expected
hoped meantintendedplannedwishedwantedsupposeddesired等来表 示；或用上述动词的过去式接不定式完成
式来表示，即expectedhopedmeantinte ndedplannedwishedwantedsupposeddesired + to have done：
3）“时间名词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时；“时间名词 + ago”在句子中作状语，谓语动
词用一般过去式：
【例句】 He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.
Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.
4）表示“刚…就…”的几个句型：
Hardly Scarcely No sooner had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when than + 一般过去式 （注意倒装用法）
【例句】 We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.
= No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
5）在before或after引导的时间状语从句中可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时：
【例句】 After he (had) left the room, the boss came in.
We (had) arrived home before it snowed.
典型例题


It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ______for me.
A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing
【解析】A 本题考查时态。整个句子时态用的是一般过去时, 我能够表示感谢就已经是过去, 而他们对我的帮助则是
过去的过去。因此选A。

—Have you seen your aunt lately?
—Yes, in fact I saw her yesterday．I ______ her for several months．
A．haven't see B．didn't see C．hadn't seen D．don't see
【解析】C. 本题考查时态。I saw her yesterday用的是一般过去时，“而我已经几个月没见到她“发生在昨天见到
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她之前，所以是“过去的过去”，应该用过去完成时，选择C项。

The couple finally bought the house they wanted, for they enough money.
A．had saved B．were saving C．would save D．were to save
【解析】A. 本题考查时态。句意为：因为这对夫妇攒了足够的钱，所以最终他们买了他们梦寐以求的 房子。攒钱这
种行为发生在买房之前，而买房用的是一般过去时，所以攒钱就应该是“过去的过去”，所 以选择过去完成时，A项
正确。

四、过去将来时
1、概念： 过去将来 时表示从过去某时看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。是在某一过去时之后发生的动作。
可以理解为“立 足于过去，着眼于未来”的一种时态。
2、结构：① would should + do (should只用于第一人称)； ② was were going to do
3、过去将来时的用法：
1）过去将来时表示过去某时之后将出现的情况，通常用于宾语从句中：
【例句】 I thought he would come.
Jenny never imagined that she would become a doctor.
2）表示从过去某时看将要发生的事情：
【例句】 The old lady was fifty-eight then. In two years she would be sixty.
I didn’t think they would have any objection to it.
3）表示过去习惯性动作（用would + do来表示）：
【例句】 Whenever he had time, Harris would go to see his grandmother.
Every evening Mr. Wang would go and talk with his students.
4）过去将来时也可以用“was were going to + do”来表示：
【例句】 He said that he was going to have a walk with his mother.
5）go, come, leave, start等表示位置 移动的动词，常用过去进行时表示一个当时按计划或安排近期将要发生的事情。
如：He didn’t say when he was coming.
6）was were to do sth. 和was were about to do sth. 也可以表示过去将来：
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典型例题


35. His novels sell best and have made him famous, but before that no one could have imagined how great a role he ______
in the literary world.
A. had played B. has played C. is playing D. was to play
【解析】D. 本题考查时态。句意为：他的小说很畅销，让他一夜成 名，但是在那之前没有人能想象到他会在文学世
界里产生这样大的影响和作用。“before that no one could have imagined”将时间定格在过去，因此是从过去某时看 将
要发生的事情，所以应该用过去将来时，D项正确。

—
—I ________, but I sudde
A. had to B. C. was going to


D. wouldn’t
【解析】C. 本题考查时态。was going to do sth.表示过去按计划或安排要做某事。句意为：汤姆，你 昨晚没来聚会？
我那时将要去的，但是突然想起我有作业要做。所以选择C项。

（建议5 分钟）

27．When she entered the police station, she recognized the man who ______ her at once．
A．was attacking B．attacked

26．—Guess what? I happened to meet Johnson in the street last Friday．



25. ---Have you received your new shoes?
---Yes. And at the same time I got the jacket I _____.
A. had ordered B. ordered C. have ordered D. order

27.---How long did you own your first car?
---We ____ it for six months before it was stolen.
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C．had attacked D．would attack
—If my memory serves me correctly, you ____ each other for ages．
A．haven't seen B．hadn't seen C．didn't see D．don't see

29. The young man, who by then _________ admission to university, decided to do some part- time
jobs to pay for his education．
A. gained

29．—The battery in my cell phone is running low.
—I that last night before we went to bed.


26．Mr. Chapman retired at 70 after he nearly 40 years with the Gas Company．


32. John was given the same suitcase his father and grandfather ____ with them to school.
A. took B. had taken C. were taking D. would take

25．—Why didn’t you come to the cinema with us last Saturday?
—Oh，sorry．But I the film．
A．see

30．The novels written by the author sell best, but five years ago no one could have imagined how great a role he
_______ in the literary world.
A．was playing B．played C．was to play D．had played
B．saw C．have seen D．had seen
A．had spent B．has spent C．spends D．would spend
A．was noticing B．have noticed C．would notice D．had noticed
B. was gaining C. had gained D. has gained
A. had owned B. owned C. has owned D. would own
答案：CBAAC DABDC



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