马吊-moonwalker
1
现在完成时的基本结构
肯定句：
主语+havehas+动词的过去分词+其他否定句：主语
+havehas+not+动词的过去分
词+其他一般疑问句：HaveHas+主语+
动词的过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑
问句
（havehas+主语+过去分词+其他）
2
现在完成时的用法
1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在
造成影响或后
果。也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调
的是现在。<
br>
I have already posted the
photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。
与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already
（肯定句句中）,
yet（否定句疑问句句尾）, just, before, recently,still,
lately,never等。
2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状
态发生在过去某一时刻，持续
到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。
He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一
直住在这儿。(动作
起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
此种用法常
与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。
谓语动词必须是延续性动词。<
br>
有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：go out----be out
finish----be over
open----be open die----
be dead buy---have fall ill---be ill
come back----be back catch a cold----have a
cold
3
现在完成时常见考法
对于现在
完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查
学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。在考
试中，会让大家判断是
否该用现在完成时，或者是考查“瞬间动词”不能与表示一段时间的
状语
连用”这一知识点。
【典型例题】
His
father_____the party since joined
in
been in答案：D
解析：本题考查学生对现在完成时的熟练掌握。since 1978表达“自
从1978年一
直到现在”，表示这件事情从过去一直持续到现在，应
该用现在完成时，而且动词必须是延续性动词，A
、B均为瞬间动词，
不能与时间段连用，故排除；C为一般过去时，也不行。
4
比较一般过去时和现在完成时的异同
1.
共同点：动作都是在过去完成。
I saw the film
yesterday evening.I have seen the film
before.（看电影这件
事都是在过去完成的。）
2.
区别：
①现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果，而一般过去
时与现在没有联系，只是说明某个动作发生的时间是在过去。
②一般过去时通常与具体明确的过去时间状语连用。如yesterday, last
week , two years ago，just now，in 2002
等；而现在完成时则常与
just ,already ,ever ,never
等模糊的过去时间状语和 these days ,this
week ,since...,
for... 等表示一段时间的状语连用。
【典型例题】
—______ you your homework yet ?—Yes . I
_____ it a moment
ago .
do
finished done finished
done have finished
答案：B
解析：本题考查一般过去时和现在完成时的用法区别。问句中的yet
表明应该用现
在完成时，而回答中的a moment ago
是一个明确的过
去时间状语，应该用一般过去时。
5
过去分词的规则变化
动词过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的规则变化相同。
① 一般情况下，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work
---worked---worked visit---visited---visited
② 以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived---
lived
③ 以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 变为 ，再加“
ed ”。
study---studied---
studied cry---cried---cried
④
重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，
再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped drop---dropped--
dropped
6
过去分词的不规则变化
【典型考例1】
（2019江苏南通）----Is
everyone here, Jonathan?
----No. Sir.
Millie is absent. She for two days.
fallen ill B. has been ill C. fell
ill D.
was ill
【析】正确答案B。句意是
：乔纳森，人到齐了吗？老师，
没有。米莉缺席了。她生病已经两天了。Fall ill与be
ill都表
示“生病”，但fall
ill为非延续性动词，在现在完成时中不
可与段时间连用，须转换为be
ill才可以，所以，正确答案为
B。
【典型考例2】
（2019广西玉林）---Jenny, your new tape player looks
great.
----Oh, it’s not new. I _____ it
for three years.
had
bought
【析】正确答案：B。句意是：詹妮，你的新随身听看上很
不错啊！哦，它不是新的。我已经买了3年了。非延续性动
词buy在现在完成时中，不可与段时间状语
连用，因此，须
转换为延续性同义动词have或own。所以，正确答案为B 。
【强化练习】
一、根据汉语意义或首字母提示，写出正确单词。
1.（2019四川广安） I haven’t ________ (收到…来信)
from
Sally before.
2.（2019浙江杭州）.I’m
very hungry . I haven’t e_______
anything
since 7:00 this morning
3.（2019广西北部湾经济开发区） Bob and Jim have been good
friends_______(自从)they joined the same tennis
team.
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.（2019山东青岛）The writer is so popular that he
_______(sell) more
than 200,000 books so far.
2.（2019江苏连云港）---I____ (have a fever)since
last night.
---You’d better go to see a
doctor.
3.（2019江苏泰州）So far, the couple
___________ (not change)
their flat since they
had a second child.
4.（2019甘肃兰州）Jim has
never ________(be) to Mount Tai in
China.
5.（2019贵州安顺） Sandy borrowed the novel from the
library
last week and ________(keep) it for 5
days.
6.（2019湖北鄂州）Cathy and Linda (
not be) back to their
hometown for two
years.
7.（2019江苏南通）----Can you go walking
in the park with me,
Daisy?
----Sure.
I (finish)my DIY project.
三、单项选择
1.（2019山东临沂）
Melting ice (融冰) can cause sea levels to
rise.
Since 1993, sea levels _________at a speed of 3.2
cm every
10 years.
A. rose
B. have risen
C.
rise
2.（2019安徽）—It's ten years since we
came here
—How time flies! We ____ in
China for so long.
A. work
B. worked
C. will work
D. have worked
3.（2019江苏泰州）---Have you ever been to
Shanghai?
---Of course. Actually, I
_________there for six years but now I
live in
Taizhou.
A. worked
B. was
working
C. would work
D. have
worked
4.（2019湖北武汉）. I ate some fruit,
which I ______ since I was
a child, and the
vegetables from my garden.
A. have enjoyed
B. enjoyed
C. enjoy
enjoyed
5.（2019湖南郴州）---- Where is Mr. Green?
---- He the bookshop. You have to wait
for him.
A. was going to
B.
has gone to
C. has been to
6.（2019广东） My father ____ in a panda
protection center for
10 years, so he knows a
lot about panda.
A. was working
B. is working
C. has worked
D. will work
7.（2019湖北襄阳）.---- Why
won’t we play basketball with Class
4 this
afternoon?
---Because they _
Longzhong for a study trip.
A. have gone
to
B. have been to
C.
had gone to
D. had been to
8.（2019湖北随州）—Your new bike is so
nice! When did you buy
it?
—In July.
I _____it for two weeks.
B. have had
C. have bought
D. bought
9.（2019江苏淮安） ---Where
are the teachers now?
--- In the
meeting room. They _________ the meeting for 10
minutes.
A. have begun
B.
have been on
C. have had
D. have
been held
10.（2019湖北黄冈）---Where is
Catherine? I haven't seen her for
days.
---She Wuhan. She’ll be back next
week.
A. has gone to
B. has
been to
C. have gone to
D.
have been to
11.（2019湖南长沙）I
______ abroad for several years, but I have
never regretted my final decision to move back
to my motherland.
A．am living
B．lived
C．have lived
12.（2019四川眉山）---Linda has to Paris. How
can I get
in touch with her?
---Don’t
worry. She will call you as soon as she
there.
A. been；will get
B.
been；gets
C. gone；will get
D.
gone；gets
13.（2019四川眉山）---Your new watch
is so nice! When did you
buy it?
---
In October. I it for two months.
A.
had
B. bought
C. have had
D. have bought
14.（2019福建）---Look! My
mother _____ a new dress for me.
----Wow,
it looks very nice on you.
making
made
make
15.（2019呼和浩特）The shop in Wanda Square
_____ for six
years, but I _____ there so far.
opened; haven’t gone
been open; haven’t been
been open;
haven’t gone
been opened;
haven’t been
16.（2019湖南湘潭）---Have you
ever _____ the Terracotta Army
in Xi’an ?
----Yes. I went there last year.
to
to
in
17.（2019北京）Our school life a lot
since 2017. We have
more activities now.
A. changes
B. changed
C. will change
D. has changed
18.（2019湖北宜昌）----What progress Huawei
_____ in recent
years!
----No wonder it is widely known in all parts
of the world.
making
made
C. makes
D. made
19.（2019贵州毕节）---How many
letters you to your
mother?
--- 109 in all, since 2016.
A. has,
written
B. have, written
C. did,
write
D. are, writing
20.（2019湖南湘西）---_____ you ever ______ Hong
Kong
--Zhuhai ____Macao Bridge ?
---Not yet.
; visit
; visit
, visited
21.（2019哈尔滨）---Hi, Tom! _____ you ever ____
the Bird’
s Nest ?
----Yes, I have.
It’s fantastic.
, been to
, gone to
C. Did, go
to
22.（2019黑龙江齐齐哈尔）As an exchange student,
Alan_____
Qiqihar for one and a half years.
been to
been in
gone to
23（2019四川广元）---How long
have you__________ your cap?
It looks
cool.
---About two weeks.
A.
borrowed
B. bought
C. had
24.（2019贵阳）Today, all the
erhu masters play and praise
Erquan Yingyue.
It ____ one of China’s national treasure.
s
become
25（2019贵州黔西南）----How many
letters _____ you _____ to
your mother?
----109in all, since 2016
, written
; written
;
write
writing
四、完成句子
1.（2019四川达州）China has been
able to make big planes like
C919 with
scientists’ great effects.
______ China
______ able to make big planes like C919 with
scientists’ great effects?
2.（2019辽宁盘锦）布朗(Brown) 一家人已经在上海生活10
年了
3.（辽宁铁岭）复仇者联盟4》已经上映两个月了。
Avengers:Endgame for two months.
4.（2019辽宁辽阳）他们已经采取行动挽救野生动物了吗？
Have
they _____ to save wild animals yet?
Key
一、
, 2eaten, 3since
二、
sold,
had a
fever
’t changed
kept
’t been
finished
三、
1---5BDDAB;
6---
10CABBA;
11--15CDCBD;
16--
20BDBBC;
21--25ABCCB
四、
,
been
Browns The Brown family have been
lived in Shanghai
for 10 years since 10 years
ago.
been on
action