2020年中考英语总复习动词的时态(现在完成时)导学案

现在完成时 导学案
学习目标：
1. 掌握现在完成时时定义。
2. 了解现在完成时结构，
3. 熟记过去分词构成（尤其不规则动词必须背下来）。
4. 归纳总结现在完成时时用法和与过去时区别
学习重、难点：
1. 现在完成时在语境中的判断
2. 现在完成时与过去时区别
3. 学习过程
一.现在完成时的结构
肯定句：主语 + have has + 过去分词
注：主语若是第三人称单数助动词用 has
定形式：主语+ haven’t ( have not ) +过去分词
主语+hasn’t ( has not ) +过去分词
疑问句： 把助动词 have has +主语+过去分次
过去分词1、规则变化（过去分词与过去时变化规则一样）
(1).一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked visit-——visited
(2).以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
live---lived
(3).以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 “y” 变为 “i”，
再加“ ed ”。
study---studied cry--cried
(4).重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母，
再加 “ ed ”。 stop---stopped drop---dropped
2、不规则变化 （见九年级英语书184-185页不规则动词表）
二.现在完成时的用法
1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果.现在完成时,强调过去的动作与现在的联系,也就是强
调对现在的影想或结果。
eg.1.-- It's so dark.
-- Someone has turned off the light.
(有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑）
-- Are you free?
-- I have finished my homework. I am free
(我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空)
2.表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在的动作或状态.常与since + 过去的时间点，for + 一段时间，so far 等时间
状语连用。
So far,I have learnt 3000 English words.

到目前为止，我已经学了3000个英语单词了。
She has stayed here since half an hour ago.
她已经在这儿呆了半个小时。
(半个小时前已经开始呆在这儿,到现在还在)
现在完成时和一般过去时的区别：
.现在完成时: 强调过去的动作对现在产生的影响或结果，与现在有关。
一般过去时: 仅表示在过去某一时刻曾发生过的动作，与现在无关。
He has studied English for five years.
他已学英语五年了。（说明他还会继续学下去）
He studied English for five years.
他曾学过五年英语（只说明他过去学过五年英语。）
I've lived here for ten years.
我在这里住了10年。(现在仍住这儿)
I lived here for ten years.
我在这里住过10年。(现在住不住这儿不清楚)
He has bought a house.
他买了一栋房子。(现在已拥有这房子)
He bought a house ten years ago.
他10年前买了一栋房子。(现在是否仍拥有这房子不清楚)
2. 一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday， last week，…ago， in1980， in October， just now等，皆为具体的时
间状语。
现在完成时的时间状语：当有 already,never, ever,just,yet, before,so far（句首，目前为止）, inover the last few
weeks ，these days, since for a long time, up to now等常标志词时，用现在完成时,皆不确定或模糊的时间状
语。
3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，
如:live， teach， learn， work， study， know。
I have taught in No 3 Middle School for 11 years.
一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come， go， leave， start， die， finish， become， get married等。
They got married in 1998 .
The dog died two days ago.
Have a try
They had breakfast at 8:00 this morning.
They are not hungry now, because they ______ ______ breakfast already.
Tom cleaned his room just now.
Tom cleaned his room just now.
Tom's room is very clean and tidy because he ___________it.
Mary found his lost money a few minutes ago
Mary is very happy because she___________her lost money .
判断The past tense or the present perfect tense 过去时还是完成时
know
We _______each other since childhood .

We ____________ each other when we were young .
See
I ________ him just now .
I _____ just _____ my pen.
(live)
How long ______ you ______ in the United states ?
When _____ you ______ here ? (move)
三.短暂性动词与时间段的关系
短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与时间段连用，
这些词是：become, begin, buy, borrow,
come (go, arrive), die, finish, join,leave
为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的延续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。
become →be,begin→ be on ,buy → have, borrow→ keep, come (go, arrive, get) →be heretherein…，
die→ be dead, finish→ be over,
join→ be in …（be a member of … ）
leave→ be away ( from…),
Please say it in English
1. 我的哥哥是 1999 年参的军。
2. 他参军已经 5 年了。
改错Please point out any mistakes and correct them
She has bought the computer for two years.
How long have you come to the United States？
Ann has gone to China since three months ago.
四.since , for 的用法:
since: (自…以来)
1)since+时间点 He has stayed here since 5 o’clock.
2)since+ 时间段+ ago
He has stayed here since 5 hours ago.
3)since+ 从句（句中的谓语动词为过去式）
She has taught English since he came here.
for: (长达）for+ 时间段 He has kept the book for 2 weeks.
注意: 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用 how long。
选用for和since填空:
haven’t seen each other ______ a long time.
father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago.
film has been on ______ 20 minutes.
Green has worked here ______ he came to China.
grandpa has been dead ______ several years.
五.have been 与have gone 的用法比较
have been to 意思是“到过，去过”，表示曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。
have gone to 意思是“去了”，表示已经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。

have been in 意思是“呆在某处一段时间了”
(后面接副词时不加in)
区别can you distinguish?
have been to have gone to have been in
1. Bill ____________London , he will come back soon
2. A: Where are the twins? B: They __________the cinema.
3. I ____________Paris twice. He ___ never _____ there.
4. A: _____ you ever _________America ? B: No , never
链接河北中考
1. Helen loves to talk about travel. She _____ many places.(09年中考)
A. has gone to B. has been to C. has gone for D. has been from
brother left school in 2005, and since then he ____in Beijing.
(10中考)
A. lives B. lived C. will live D. has lived
3. I _____my homework, I guess I can’t join you.(11年中考 )
A. don’t finish B. didn’t finish
C. haven’t finished D. won’t finish
4 . Miss Zhang, the most beautiful teacher, ________ many flowers and letters these days.(12年中考)
A. received B. will receive C. was D has received
5. Don’t return the video to Peter, I _____ it.(13年中考 )
A. don’t watch B. won’t watch C. haven’t watched D. wasn’t watching
6. Monica, you ______ the exam! Congratulations! (14年中考)
A. passB. have passed C. will pass D. are passing
7. Paula is pleased that she _________ her lost watch.(15年中考)
A. finds B. found C. has found D. will find16
team ___ another point!I'm sure we'll win the game(16中考）．
A. will get B. has got C. is getting D. was getting
9. Wow! You ________ dinner! Let’s eat now.(17年中考)
A. cook B. are cook C. will cook D. have cooked
10. I ____an invitation to the concert. I can’t wait to go(18年中考)
A. receive B. will receive
C. was receiving D. have received 注意:在2009-2019这11年里，现在完成时11年10考，并且只有两年中考题中有标志词（th ese days, since )，
其余都是在语境中考察 ，尤其是近五年，都在语境中考察。
1—Both his parents look sad .
—Maybe they _________what's happened to him .
Ａ. knew Ｂ. have known Ｃ. must know Ｄ.will know
you met Mr Li _____？
Ａjust Ｂ ago Ｃbefore Ｄ a moment ago
3 The famous writer ____ one new book in the past two years.
Ａ is writingＢwas writing Ｃwrote Ｄ.has written