矫饰-娃娃亲是什么
·模块二·
Unit 1 Tales of the unexplained
I
、现在完成时态
(Present Perfect Tense)
II
、现在完成进行时态
(Present Perfect Continuous
Tense)
【考点分析】
动词的时态和语态是考题中出现频率最高的语法项目。一般情况
下,动词的时态和语态
经常是结合在一起进行考查的,也是每年的必考点。试题呈现“情景立意”和“能
力立意”
的趋势,试题创设的语境比较明确,注重在具体语境中考查时态和语态的用法,体现了对语法知识、语义理解及语言交际能力的综合考查。依照近几年高考题动词时态和语态考点分布
的情况看
,一般过去时态、过去完成时态、现在完成时态、现在完成进行时态等是考题命题
的热点。
本单元主要讲解现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态的用法。
I、现在完成时态
【现在完成时态的构成】助动词have (has)
+过去分词。当句子的主语是第三人称单数时,
助动词用has,其余人称均用助动词have。
现在完成时态的基本用法
1、表示一个发生在过去的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,这时可以
和一些表示不确定的时
间状语连用,如just(刚刚),already, yet, ever,
recently, lately, never, so far等。
She has just
bought a beautiful dress from one of the shops in
the city. 她刚在市里的一家商店买
了一件漂亮的衣服。
We’ve done
a lot of work on the project, but we haven’t
completed it yet. 我们在工程方面花了不
少功夫,但是到现在还没有完成。
--Are you going to further your studies after
graduation?——毕业后你打算进修吗?
--Well, I haven’t
decided yet. I might make some other
choices.——嗯,我还没有决定。我可能会
做其他选择。
So far,
scientists have named about 1.8 million living
species, and that is just a small number of what
probably exists on Earth.到现在为止,科学家已经命名了一千八百万种有
生命的物种,而这仅
仅是地球上可能存在的物种的很小一部分。
2、表示从过去某一时刻开始
一直持续到现在的动作或状态(或许还将持续下去)。这时常和
“since+时间点”、“for+时
间段”以及how long, (ever) since, ever, before, so far,
in the last past
few years(在过去的几年里), up to
now, till now等时间状语连用。
The marathon has been an
Olympic event since the modern game started in
1896. 自从1896年现代
奥运会开始以来,马拉松一直都是奥运会的比赛项目。
In
the past two years, the students in the
mountainous areas have made great progress in
English. 在
过去的两年里,山区的学生在英语方面取得了很大的进步。
How
long have you studied English? 你学习英语多久了?
【警示误区
1】非延续动词可以有现在完成时态,但是一般不可以接段时间状语。如果要保
留段时间状语,必须将非
延续动词改为延续动词。非延续动词的否定式则可以和for等引起
的表示段时间的状语连用。
常用的非延续动词(组)有:arrive, beginstart,
break,buy, come, close, die, fall, hear, get up,
join, jump, go, leave, lose, marry, open,
reach, returngive, borrowlend, becometurn,
bringtake,
finishend, receivehear from, put
on等。
比较下面一个句子在英语中不同的表达:汤姆已经参军5年了。
Tom has
been in the army for 5 has been a soldier for 5
has served in the
army for 5 joined the army
5 years is 5 years since Tom joined the army.
但是
不能用Tom has joined the army for 5 years.
To my disappointment, I haven’t received his
e-mails for almost a month.
令我失望的是,我有一
个月没有收到他的电子邮件了。
【警示误区2】havehas
been (to)和havehas gone (to)的区别:havehas been (to)表示
“已经去
过某地(现在已经回来了)”,侧重某种经历,可以用于各种人称,可以与once,
never,
severalmany times等连用;而havehas gone (to)
表示“已经去了某地(已经到了那里或正在
路途中),侧重说话时某人不在当地”,常用于第三人称,不
能与once, never, severalmany times
等连用。
They
have been to Nanjing several times. 他们去过南京几次。
Tom has gone to Nanjing. 汤姆已经去南京了。
3、表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作,现在已经成为一种经历,常带有often, never,
ever,
once, twice, three times, before,
since等时间状语。
I have never seen her as angry as
that, so I kept quiet.
我从来没有看到过她那样生气,所以我当时
保持沉默。
The sky is clear
blue and I don’t think I have ever seen anything
else so beautiful in my life.
天空碧
蓝如洗,我想我一生也没有见过如此美景。
4、在条件、时间、让步状语从句中,表示
将来某个时刻以前已经完成的动作,用现在完成
时态代替将来完成时态。
I’ll show
you our garden when the rain has stopped.
等雨停了之后,我领你去看看我们的花园。
(强调“雨停下来”)
We won’t
believe you unless we have seen it with our own
eyes. 除非我们亲眼看到,否则我们是
不会相信你。(强调“看完”)
I will
go to the movie with you as soon as I have
finished my work. 我做完工作就和你去看电影。
(强调“做完”)
5、在ThisIt is the firstsecond…time + (that)….句型
中,that从句中的谓语动词要用现在完成
时态。在含有序数词以及形容词最高级的句型中谓语动词一
般用现在完成时态。
This is the first time (that) I have
seen such a grand palace. 这是我第一次见到过这么宏伟的宫
殿。
The Flowers of War is the most moving film
(that) I have ever seen.《金陵十三钗》是我看过的最
感人的电影。
Howard Carter is one of the most famous
explorers the world has ever known. 霍华德·卡特是世
人所知的最著名的探险家之一。
【警示误区】This was the best
film that I had ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的一部电影。
II、现在完成进行时态
【概述】现在完成进行时态表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在
的动作或状态,强调动
作或状态的持续性。现在完成进行时态是完成时态和进行时态的组合,因此,它具
备完成时
态和进行时态的一些因素。其结构为:havehas been
doing。当句子的主语是第三人称单数时,
助动词用has,其余人称均用助动词have。
现在完成进行时态的基本用法
1、现在完成进行时态表示过去的动作持续到现在,并有可能延续下去。可以和for,
since等
引导的时间状语连用。
The Smiths have been
living in the country for 10 years.
史密斯一家人一直住在乡下10年了。
He hasn’t been sleeping well
since he returned home. 他自从回到家后就一直没有睡好觉。
People have been enjoying the benefits of
cycling in Amsterdam for years.
多年来,人们一直享受
着在阿姆斯特丹骑自行车的益处。
The CCTV has
been broadcasting English programs ever since
1977. 中国中央电视台从1977年起
就一直播放英语节目。
【警示误区】since引导的从句谓语动词常用过去时态。
The teacher
has been working in this school for 30 years since
he graduated from university.
自大
学毕业以来,这位老师一直在这所学校工作30年了。
2、表示一个动作从过去开始,一直延续到说话时刚刚结束。
The passengers
have been waiting for the train for about 5 hours.
乘客等火车将近5个小时了。
He has been working all night
long. 他连续工作了一夜。
3、表示动作的重复,侧重断断续续,并非一直不停。
The committee have been discussing the matter
several times this year. 委员们今年已经数次讨论
那件事情了。
I’ve been studying a lot this week and I need
a break.本周我学了很多,需要休息一下。
III、现在完成时态和现在完成进行时态的用法区别
1、现在完成进行时havehas
been
doing强调的是在一段时期内某项活动的持续性,强调的
是动作本身,而现在完成时havehas
done则是强调动作产生的结果或取得的成就,而不是
动作本身。现在完成进行时态的动作不一定已经
完成,很可能会持续下去,而现在完成时态
一般表示动作已经完成。
We have
been designing solar racing cars for a long time.
我们很长时间以来一直在设计太阳能赛
车。
We have designed five
or six different cars so far.
到目前为止,我们已经设计了五六种不同的小
汽车。
Mary has been
washing clothes for more than two hours, but she
hasn’t finished it yet. 玛丽洗衣服
两个多小时了,但是还没有洗完。
2、现在完成进行时态往往表示动作在重复,而现在完成时态一般不表示动作的重复。
I’ve been taking part in races for about four
years. 四年来,我一直在参加比赛。
How many races have you
taken part in? 你参加过多少次比赛了?
3、现在完成进行时态与进行时态一样带有
感情色彩,可以使表达显得生动,而现在完成时
态往往只表示一个事实,一种影响或结果,不带感情色彩
。
What have you been doing? You look fed
up!你一直在干什么呀?你看上去很不爽!
What have you done?
你做了些什么?
4、有些动词如do, live, learn, play, paint,
rain, snow, stand, study, teach, work, wait等,用于现在完成时态,并不表示动作已经完成。所以它们既可以用于现在完成时态,又可以用于现在
完成进行
时态。但是如果强调动作延续时间的长久或带有感情色彩时,用现在完成进行时态
更好一
些。
The teacher has taughthas been teaching in
this school for twenty years.
那名老师已经在这所学校
教书20年了。
I have been painting
the wall all day long. How tired I am now!
我一整天都在粉刷墙壁,现在我真
累啊!
She is always finding
fault with others. 她总是挑别人的毛病。(表示厌恶)
Lily has
always been studying hard. 丽丽总是刻苦学习。(表示赞许)
【同步训练】
1. –Look! Somebody the
sofa.
–Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do
it.(2012江西卷)
A. is cleaning B. was cleaning
C. has cleaned D. had cleaned
2. – I remember
you were a talented pianist at college. Can you
play the piano for me?
– Sorry, I ____ the
piano for years. (2012湖南卷)
A. don’t play B.
wasn’t playing C. haven’t played D. hadn’t played
3. The manager ______ the workers how to
improve the program since 9 am.(2012全国II)
A.
has told B. is telling C. has been telling
D. will have told
4. –Alvin, are you coming
with us?
– I’d love to, but something
unexpected ______. (2012浙江卷)
A. has come up
B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come
up
5. In order to find the missing child,
villagers ______ all they can over the past five
hours. (2012安
徽卷)
A. did B. do
C. had done D. have been doing
6. Tom
_______ in the library every night over the last
three months.
A. works B. worked C.
has been working D. had been working
7. In
the last few years thousands of films _______ all
over the world.
produced B. have been
produced C. are producing D. are being
produced
8. I’m sure you will do better in the
test because you _______ so hard this year.
A. studied B. had studiedC. will study D. have
been studying
9. –I didn’t ask for the name
list. Why ______on my desk?–I put it there just
now in case you needed
it.A. does it land B.
has it landed C. will it land D. had it
landed
10. His first novel _______ good
reviews since it came out last month.
es
receiving receive received
11. It
is the most instructive lecture that I _______
since I came to this school.
A. attended
B. had attended C. am attending D. have
attended
12. With the help of high technology,
more and more new substances________in the past
years.
ered discovered
been been
discovered
13. —I have got a headache.
—No
wonder. You ________ in front of that computer too
long.
A. work B. are working C. have been
working D. worked
14. Professor James will
give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when
and where _____ yet.
A. hasn’t been decided
B. haven’t decided
C. isn’t being decided
D. aren’t decided
15. I won’t tell
the student the answer to the math problem until
he________on it for more than an
hour.
been have worked
have been working worked
16. —Hi,Jack! When did you arrive in Berlin?
—Last weekend. I _______a different culture
since then.
A. was experiencing B.
will be experiencing
C. have been experiencing
D. had been experiencing
17. —I wonder if you
could go with me to the supermarket.
—Don’t
disturbme. I _______my experiment report all the
morning and haven’t finished it yet.
A. write
B. was writing C. have written D. have
been writing
18. Over the past decades, sea
ice _______ in the Arctic as a result of global
warming.
A. had decreased B. decreased C.
has been decreasing D. is decreasing
19. By
the time he realizes he _______ into a trap, it’ll
be too late for him to do anything about it.
A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
20. This is the first time we _______ a film
in the cinema together as a family.
A. seeB.
had seen C. saw D. have seen
21. Dashan, who
______ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition,
for decades, wants to mix it up
with the
Western stand-up tradition.(2016江苏卷)
A.
will be learning B. is learning C. had been
learning D. has been learning
22. –Excuse me,
which movie are you waiting for?
–The new
Star Wars. We ______ here for more than two
hours.(2016北京卷)
A. waited B. wait C.
would be waiting D. have been waiting
23.
Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement
______ so far by the two sides.(2015天津
卷)
A. has been reached B. was reached C. will reach
D. will have reached
24. In the last few
years, China ______ great achievements in
environmental protection.(2015北京
卷)
A.
has made B. had made C. was making D. is making
25. –Where is Peter? I can’t find him
anywhere.
–He went to the library after
breakfast and ______ his essay there ever
since.(2015福建卷)
A. wrote B. had written
C. has been writing D. is writing
【参考答案和解析】
1、答案C。解析:过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响用现在完成时态。因此选C项。
2、答案C。解析:根据remember, can可知语境为现在,for
years指从过去到现在,所以用现
在完成时态。
3、答案C。解析:本题关键时间状语是since 9 am,指从过去某一动作从过去开始一直延续
到
现在,因此用现在完成进行时态最佳。句意为:经理从早上9点开始就一直在不停的告诉工
人
们如何改进这个项目。
4、答案A。解析:根据题目中的are you coming和I’d
love to判断空格处要用现在时态,且要
用完成时态,因此只有A项为正确答案。
5、答案D。解析:后面的over the past five hours
意味着空格处表示的动作一直持续进行,因
此用现在完成进行时态,所以选择D。
6、答案C。解析:题干中出现的over the last three mont
hs明显提示用现在完成进行时态或现
在完成时态,故选C。句意为:在过去的三个月里,Tom每天晚
上都在图书馆里学习。
7、答案B。解析:in the last few years意思是“在
过去的几年时间里”,其实是从过去算到现
在,是现在完成时的标志,因此选B项。句意为:在过去的几
年时间里,全世界制作了成千
上万部电影。
8、答案D。解析:前半句I’m sure
you will do better交代了时间起点是现在。because引起的
状语从句不能用
将来时,只能用现在时态,所以D项符合要求。this year是个时间段,have been
studying表示一直持续到现在的动作,故用现在完成进行时。句意为:我确信你将在这次考试
中
取得更好的成绩,因为这一年来你一直用功学习。
9、答案B。解析:I didn’t ask
for和I put it there just now都表示过去的动作,很有迷惑性,但
空格表
示到说话时为止的情况,过去发生的对现在有影响的动作,故选B。
10、答案D。解析:since
自从……以来,引导含有过去时的从句时,主句用现在完成时。故
选D。句意为“他的第一部小说自上个
月出版以来受到了好评。”
11、答案D。解析:since自从……以来,引导含有过去时的从句时
,主句用现在完成时。选
D。句意为“自从我到这个学校以来,这是我所听到的最有教育意义的演讲。”
12、答案D。解析:induring the past
years所在句子要用现在完成时态,substances是“被发
现”,故用被动语态。
13、答案C。解析:由“I have got a headache.”可知,空格处应用现在完
成进行时表示动作“从
过去开始持续到现在”,体现过去开始的动作对现在的影响及结果。
1
4、答案A。解析:根据句意,空格处应用被动语态,不用主动语态,故排除B项;又因为
when
and where表示单数意义,故排除D项;再根据句末的yet可知,最好用现在完成时态,
故选
A项最佳。
15、答案A。解析:主句为一般将来时态,时间状语从句需用一般现在时或现在完成(进
行)
时态。因为本题有段时间状语for more than an hour修饰,因此选择A项。
16、答案C。解析:过去发生的动作持续到说话时刻,因此用现在完成时态,选择C项。
1
7、答案D。解析:答句中连词and连接前后平行关系,空格处要用现在完成时态,又有时间
状语al
l the morning修饰,因此选择D项。
18、答案C。解析:根据段时间状语over
the past decades判断空格处用现在完成进行时态,因
此选C项。
19、答案C。解析:根据realizes和it will
be等判断,空格处用现在时态;再根据by the time
引导的从句中谓语动词要用完成时态,
因此选C项。句意是:直到他意识到他已经走进圈套
时,他再做什么都晚了。
20、答案D。解析:本题考查This is the first
time….句型,其后用现在完成时态,因此选D项。
21、答案D。解析:考查动词时态。根据句意以及for decades可知,learn这一动作
从过去一
直延续到了现在,并且现在还在进行,因此用现在完成进行时态。
22、答案D。解
析:考查动词时态。空格处表示该动作从两个多小时前一直持续到说话时,而
且可能会持续下去,因此用
现在完成进行时态合适。
23、答案A。解析:本题结合被动语态考查动词的时态。根据题干中的时间状语so far可知空<
br>格处应该用现在完成时态,而agreement与谓语动词reach之间是被动关系,应用被动语态,
因此选择B项。
24、答案A。解析:根据时间状语in the last few
years可知,空格处动词要用现在完成时态。
25、答案C。解析:根据时态状语ever si
nce可知,空格处应该用现在完成进行时态,表示动
作从过去开始一直持续到现在且还在进行,所以选
择C项。
人品好的
人,自带光芒,无论走到哪里,总会熠熠生辉。人活着,谁都会有烦恼,每天都有烦恼,最重要的是你不理会烦恼
,烦恼自然就没有了!因此,朋友们,最好的活法,就只要记住这两句
话:烦恼天天有,不捡自然无!当
你不开心的时候,想想自己还剩下多少天可以折腾,还有多少时间够你作践。你开心,这一天过了;不开心,一天
也过了。想明白了,你就再也不会生气了。当
你烦恼的时候,想想人生就是减法,见一面少一面,活一天
就少一天,还有什么好烦恼的呢,不忘人恩,不念人过,不思人非,不计人怨。不缺谁,不少谁,对得起良心就好
。当你忧伤的时候,
想想生活就是一场路过,赤条条来,赤条条去,带不来一丝尘土,带不走半片云彩。
什么功名利禄,什么人情往份,啥你都带不走,想明白了,还有什么好难过的?当你不满的时候,想想和富人比,我们活着知足就是幸福。和病人比,我们活着健康就是幸福。和死人比,我们还活着就是幸福。人这辈子
想活好,心要简单,人要糊涂。当你生气的时候,想想是否有必要为不值得的人生气?
有必要为不值得的
事闹心?好好吃饭,好好睡觉,好好养老,好好花钱就可以了。你好好的,家人好好的,一切也就好好的了!当你
计较的时候,想想人在世间走,本是一场空,何必处处计较
嘴巴的英文-junk
sfl-b2b是什么意思啊
manic-malice
模型英文-finish怎么读
说谎者英文-patched
knife怎么读-terms
法老蚁-zong
tunian-油嘴花唇
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