【试卷分析】2018年11月高考英语浙江卷语篇分析

2018年11月高考英语浙江卷语篇分析——阅读理解B篇
This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for
grandparents’ homes, sleep-away camps and lifeguard stands. But summer vacation hasn’t
always been a birthright of U.S. schoolchildren. Before the Civil War, schools operated on
one of two calendars (日历), neither of which included a summer vacation. Rural (农村的)
schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm
work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons. Urban students, meanwhile, regularly
had as many as 48 weeks of study a year, with one break per quarter.
In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the
two calendars out of concern that rural schooling was not enough and that overusing of
young minds could lead to nervous disorders. Summer appeared as the obvious time for a
break: it offered a rest for teachers, fit in the farming calendar and reduced doctors’ concern
that packing students into hot classrooms would promote the spread of disease.
But people’s opinion about the modern U.S. school year, which averages 180 days, is
still divided. Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the
early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high
schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in
2007. Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to
internships (实习) or study, there’s still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of
childhood.
24. What did the rural school calendar before the Civil War allow children to do?
A. Enjoy a summer vacation.
B. Take a break each quarter.
C. Have 48 weeks of study a year.
D. Assist their parents with farm work.

25. What did the educational reformers do in the 1840s?
A. They introduced summer vacation.
B. They shortened rural school terms.
C. They promoted the study of farming.
D. They advocated higher pay for teachers.
26. Why are some people unhappy about the modern U.S. school year?
A. It pushes the teachers too hard.
B. It reduces the quality of education.
C. It ignores science instruction.
D. It includes no time for internships.
一、主题语境：人与社会——历史、社会与文化
二、语篇类型：说明文：内战前后的美国暑假介绍
三、宏观分析：（按时间顺序介绍）


四、语言知识

1. 熟词新义
1) stand (Para.1) n. a piece of furniture or equipment used to hold or support something 架；
台；座
2) operate (Para.1) v. if a system, process, or service operates, or if you operate it, it works
(使)运作，(使)运行，(使)工作
2. 话题语块
1）millions of American kids 成千上万的美国孩子
2）forget about classroom bells 忘掉教师的上课铃
3）set off for grandparents’ homes 动身前往爷爷奶奶家
4）sleep-away camp 住宿营
5）lifeguard stands 救生台
6) summer vacation 暑假
7）be divided into summer and winter terms 被分成春季和冬季两个学期
8）help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons
在春耕秋收季节帮忙干农活
9）one break per quarter 每个季度休息一次
10）out of concern that 出于对……的考虑

11）fit in 适应、适合
12）the spread of disease 疾病传播
13）Some say…; Others insist that … 一部分人说……；另一部分人认为……
14）pleasant but lazy summer break 愉快但慵懒的暑假
15）take hold 固定下来
16）graduation rates 毕业率
17）below average 低于平均水平
18）under increasing pressure 承受越来越大的压力
19）devote their downtime to 把休息时间花在……
20）the lazy days of childhood 童年慵懒的日子
五、阅读策略
1. 第24小题考查考生“理解文中的具体信息”，根据第一段leaving kids free to help with
the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons可得出答案。
2. 第25小题考查考生“理解文中的具体信息”，根据第二段Summer appeared as the
obvious time for a break: it offered a rest for teachers, fit in the farming calendar and
reduced doctors’ concern that packing students into hot classrooms would promote the
spread of disease可得出答案。

3. 第26小题考查考生“作出判断和推理”，根据第三段is one of the reasons math skills
and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international
education reports published in 2007可推知答案。
六、文化知识
1. Civil War：南北战争，或称美国内战 ，是美国历史上最大规模的内战，发生于1861
至1865年期间。参战双方为北方的美利坚合众国和 南方的美利坚联盟国。
2. Horace Mann：贺拉斯·曼（1796年5月4日－1859 年8月2日），也译作霍瑞斯·曼
或霍勒斯·曼，美国教育改革者，被誉为“美国公立学校之父”。