初中英语语法讲解大全

初中英语复习专辑（1）——名词

名词的数
1、可数名词与不可数名词
A、不可数名词，初中阶段常见的不可数名
词有：water meat rice ; bread milk tea
orange(桔汁) fruit air snow chalk; work
paper(纸) time(时间); music weather
grass news food fish(鱼肉); coke
1)表两者共有则在后者加“’s”
Lucy and Lily’s father 露西和莉莉的父亲
Lucy’s and Lily’s fathers露西的父亲和莉莉
的父亲.
2)以s结尾的词只加“ ’ ”
eg. 1) the boys’ books 2) James’ father
3)无生命的名词所有格用of来引导
eg. the leg of the desk
4)双重所有格：a friend of my father’s
A. minutes B. minute’s C. minutes’ D. minute
( ) often has ____ for breakfast.
A. two breads B. two piece of breads
C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads
( ). Green has two ____. They’re very
bright.
A. childs B. child C. children’s D. children
( ) did the headmaster say about
Jim’s ______.
13. Germans 14. Chinese
二、
1——5 ABCBD 6—10 AACCD
11—15 CCBDA 16—21 BCBCAC

初中英语复习专辑（2）——冠词

1、不定冠词a, an
porridge cake(可数或不可数). 不可数名词
应注意以下几点：
1)前无数、冠，后无复数；作主语为三单.
2)表量用约数some any much a lot of 或
用of短语
eg. There is ____ bread on the table. [C]
A. a B. one C. a piece of D. many
There is some_______ on the plate. [B]
A. apple B. fish C. milks D. deer
2、可数名词的复数
A、不规则变化：
man—men woman—women child—children
policeman—policemen
Englishman—Englishmen
Frenchman—Frenchmen
foot—feet tooth—teeth mouse(鼠)—mice
B、规则变化
1）s; sh; ch; x 结尾加 es 读 [iz]
2) ce; se; ze; (d)ge 结尾加 s
eg. boxes [b ksiz] blouses [blauziz]
3)f (fe) 结尾则变f(fe)为v加es---读[vz]
eg. knives [naivz]
4) “辅+y”结尾变y为i加es 清就清[s]
5)一般加s 浊就浊[z]
eg. books[buks] pens[penz] babies[beibiz]
但注意以下几点：
① potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes
② 单复同形: fish sheep deer Chinese
Japanese
③ 由man , woman在词首构成的复合名词
应将两部分都变成复数
man doctor — men doctors
④ reef—reefs
⑤ “某国人”的复数：中日不变英法变，其
余s加后面. eg. German—Germans
⑥ people , police 常用单数形式表示复数概
念 The police are looking for the missing boy.
3、名词所有格：名词’s (意思是 “……的”)
A.
有生命的名词所有格，一般在后加
“’s”
但注意
：
a friend of mine ( √ ) a friend of my( × )
练 习
一、写出下列
词
．
的复数
______ ______ _______
______ ______ ________
_______ ______ ________
______ 11. tooth _____ 12. leaf ____
__________ e_________
二、选择正确的答案
( )1.—Are those ______?
---No, they aren’t. They’re _____.
A. sheep cows B. sheep cow
C. sheeps cow D. sheeps cows
( ), I’m quite thirsty. Please give me
____.
A. two orange B. two bottles of orange
C. two bottles orange D. two bottles of oranges
( )3.I have got ___ news from my friend. Do
you want to know?
A. a very good B. any
C. a piece of D. two pieces
( )4.___ room is on the 5th floor.
A. Lucy and Lily B. Lucy and Lily’s
C. Lucy’s and Lily D. Lucy’s and Lily’s
( ) morning Mr. Smith takes a ____
to his office.
A. 20 minutes’ walk B. 20 minute’s walk
C. 20-minutes walk D. 20-minute walk
( ) is James Allan Green. We can call
him ____.
A. Mr. Green B. Mr. Allan
C. Mr. James D. James Green
( ) and Tom are ____.
A. good friends B. good friend
C. a good friend D. good a friend
( )’s only about ten ____ walk to the
nearest post office.
A. two months holiday B. two months’ holiday
C. two-month holiday D. two month’s holidays
( )12.I won’t go there with you, for I have a
lot of ____ to do.
A. works B. job C. work D. working
( ) Lei is a friend of ___.
A. I sister B. my sister’s
C. me sister D. my sister of
( ) you read ____?
A. today’s B. today paper
C. the today’s paper D. today’s paper
( ) many ___ are there in the room?
A. boxes B. box C. boxs D. boxxes
( ) ____ have been built in our city
since 1987.
A. factorys B. factories
C. factoryes D. factorys
( ) are lots of ___ in the basket on
the table .
A. tomatos B. tomato C. tomatoes D. tomatoss
( ) cat caught two ___ last night.
A. mouses B. mice C. mouse D. mices
( ) went to have two ___ pulled out
yesterday afternoon.
A. tooths B. tooth C. teeth D. toothes
( ) our school there are fifty-five ___.
A. women teachers B. woman teachers
C. women teacher D. woman’s teacher
( ) three ___ will be put into prison.
A. thiefs B. thief C. thieves D. thiefs’



练习答案：
一、
1. books 2. buses 3. oranges
4. babies 5. boys 6. our
7. their 8. knives 9. watches
10. sheep 11. teeth 12. leaves
a用在辅音音素开头的词前 eg. a book
a useful book a “u”
[ju:sful] [ju:]
an用于元音开头的词前. eg. an apple
an hour an “F”
[au] [ef]

2、定冠词the
1)特指某人某物
The book on the desk is mine.
2)世上独一无二的事物前
the sun , the moon, the earth, the sky
3)形、副最高级及序数词前
The third boy is the tallest of all.
(但当这些词前已有其他限定词，如物主代
词、所有格、指示代词时，则不能再用the)
He is my first English teacher.
4)the + 姓的复数表示 “某家人”或“某夫
妇”。 the Greens 格林一家 格林夫妇
3、不用冠词的几种情况：
1)在星期、月份、季节前不用冠词
2)学科名词前
3)球类运动及早、中、晚三餐名词前（但：
①当三餐名词前有修饰词时，则要加适当的
冠词. ②表乐曲演奏的名词前应加the）
1) He went to school after he had a quick
breakfast.
2) play the violin piano
练 习
( ) is ____ “s” in ____ word “bus”.
A. a a B. an the C. a the D. an a
( ) is ___ useful subject. You can’t
drop it , I think.
A. an B. a C. the D.
( )3.____ bad weather it is!
A. How B. What a C. How a D. What
( )4.—What color is ___ orange?
--It’s _____ orange.
A. an; an B. an the C. an ; D. an

( ). Li is ____ old worker.
( ) sometimes plays ___ violin(小提
A. an B. a C. some D.
琴) and sometimes plays ___ table tennis
( ) at ____ picture! There’s ____
before supper.
单数 复数
housA. the B. the C. the the D.
yourself yourselves
e in ( )22. –Have you seen ___ pencil? I left it
myself ourselves
it. here this morning.
himself
A. a --Is it ___ red one ? I saw it.
herself themselves
a A. a the B. the the C. the a D. a a
itself
B. ( ) is_______ orange tree
the behind_____ house.
the C. a the D. the; a A. an the B. a a C. the the D. an
( ) morning he found ____ handbag. ( )24.—How long did you stay there ?
There was ___ “s” on the corner of ___
--About half ___ hour.
handbag. A. B. one C. a D. an
A. a an the B. a a the
C. a a a D. the an a
练习题答案：
( ) ___ interesting story it is!
1——5 DBDCA 6—10 DABDB
A. a B. an C. the D.
11—15 ADACD 16—20 AABCA
( ) is ___ best student in her class.
21—24 BDAD
A. a B. an C. D. the
( ) is ___ kind boy. All ___ students
love him.

A. a B. a the C. an D. an the
( ) ___ book on the desk mine? Yes.

A. the B. a C. an D.
( ) while he was in ___ hospital, he

went on writing songs.
A. a B. an C. the D.

( )’t read _____.
A. in bed B. in the bed C. on bed D. on the bed

( ) is ____ honest man.
A. a B. the C. an D.

( ) has ___ population of
1,200,000,000.

A. B. an C. the D. a
( )’s ____ for “椅.子”?
初中英语专辑（3）——代词

A. English B. an English
表否定 表肯定
C. the English D. any English
可数 few(几乎没有) a few(几个；一些)
( ) is ___ cleverer of the two girls.
不可
A. the B. a C. an D. much
数
little(几乎没有) a little(一点儿少许)
( )18.____ young must look after ___ old.
（一）指示代词：this , that , these , those. this ,
A. The a B. The the C. A a D. A the
that一般与可数名词的单数连用，而不与不
( )19. ___ earth is one of ____ planets.
可数名词连用（但that可单独指代不可数名
A. The sun’s B. The the sun
词）

。


C. The the sun’s D. The the suns’
that apple ( √ ) that meat ( × )
( ) is ___.
The weather in Sichuan is not so hot as ______
A. the capital of Japan B. capital of Japan
in Guangzhou. [that]
C. Japan capital D. a capital of Japan
(二)人称代词、物主代词和反身代词
1）人称代词：主格、宾格（作主语为主格，
C. Nobody D. No one
作宾语为宾格; 介+宾格） 5）other ,another , others
eg. 1)I thank you
单数 复数
2)You thank me.
2）物主代词：形容词性物主代词和名词性
泛another
定语 主语、宾语
物主代词。
指 三者以上的另一个
other some…others
一变(my—mine); 二留(his—his its—its)
特
one…the other
the others =the other+
三加s(your—yours our—ours her—hers
指 一个…另一个 复名(另外的人或物)
their—theirs)
用法：有名不名，无名是名
①.We study _____ subjects besides Chinese.
eg. This is _____（我的）book. This book is
②.May I have ___________ apple ?
______（我的）. [ my mine]
③.These cups are clean. ________ are dirty.
3）反身代词：某某自己；亲自
④.I have two pens. One is red , ________ is

blue. [ other another others the others]

另外注意：one another (三者以上的)相互

each other (两者的)相互

We should learn from each other(说明we指两

个人)

They help one another (说明they指三个人以

上)
反身代词的常见搭配：
6) 二者与三者
oneself 玩得高兴；过得愉快
复数 单数 单数
oneself 伤着自己
二者 both(都) neither(都不) either(任何一个)
oneself = learn… by oneself 自学
三者 all(都) none(都不) any(任何一个)
4.(all) by oneself （完全）独立地
注意：
oneself to 请自便；随便吃…
①.both 否定 neither all 否定 none
after oneself 自理；照顾自己
②.both , all 不但作主语为复数，且被修饰
one by oneself 把…单独留下
的词也为复数；neither , none作主语为单数，
oneself in 陶醉于…；沉浸于…
但none of + 复名，neither of + 复名

( )1.____ of my parents is a teacher. [B]
（三）不定代词
A. None B. Neither C. Both D. All
1)some与any
( ) are many trees on ____ side of the
一般情况下，some用于肯定句，any用
river. [C]
于否定句、疑问句（但表邀请、建议的问句
A. both B. any C. either D. all
中可用some—此类句型常以could , would开
every one any one of
头）

2) many + 可数 = a lot of : 许多
7) each:
(二者以上的)每个——作主、宾、定）
much + 不可数
every:
(三者以上的)每个——只作定语）
（但a lot of不能用于否定句）
①.____ student in the class likes English.
3) few , a few little , a little
②.___ of the students studied hard.
①.The story is easy to read. There are
[Every Each]
____new words in it. [few]
练 习

②.Hurry up! There is_____ time left. [little]
4) everyone anyone 不加of
( )1.____office is much smaller than ____.
no one 不加 of
A. Ours yours B. Our yoursC. Theirs our
none of
( )2. “Help___ to some meat.”my uncle said
( )____ of us wants to read the book. [B]
to me .
A. Everyone B. Every one
A. themselves B. yourself C. yourselves
( )3. There are twenty teachers in our school.

Eight of them are men teachers and ____ are
women teachers.
A. others B. the others C. another
( ) isn’t ____ paper in the box. Will
you go and get ____ for me ?
A. any some B. any any C. some any
( ) are many trees on ___ sides of the
know ____ about the news.
A. a little B. little C. few
( )20.—Hello, Bill! Help ____ to a cake .
—Thanks .
A. your B. yourself C. yourselves
四、数词
C. two hours and a half hour’s walk
D. two and a half hour’s walk
( ) time is it now? It’s ___ to six.
A. quarter B. a quarter C. quarto C. a quarto
( ) you be back in ____ ?
A. one or two minutes B. one minute or two
C. two minutes or one D. two or one minute
第207房间：Room 207
第五课： Lesson 5 = the fifth lesson
D、序数词与不定冠词(a; an)连用表“又一；
再一”
eg. You’ve done it three times. Why not try a
fourth time?
E、分数的表达：分子（基数）、分母（序数）
street.
A. both B. all C. each
( )6.___ of them has a dictionary and ____
one of them can look up words in it.
A. Each every B. Every; each C. Every; every
( )7. “When shall we meet, this afternoon or
tonight?”
“I don’t mind. ____ time is OK.
A. Either B. Every C. Neither
( ) you like ___ cup of tea?
A. other B. the other C. another
( ) two friends were so pleased to see
each other that they forgot _____.
A. other everything B. anything else
C. everything else.
( )10.____ of his parents is a teacher.
A. Both B. Neither C. None
( ) river is very dirty. ____ people go
to swim in it.
A. Few B. A few C. Little
( )12.A friend of ____ came to see ____
yesterday.
A. his his B. he him C. his him
( ) can’t leave your baby by ___ at
home.
A. herself B. himself C. itself
( )14. My father is very busy with his work.
He has ___ time to have a rest.
A. little B. a little C. few
( )15.I have three skirts. One is red. ___ two
are black.
A. another B. the other C. the others
( ) has ___ friends here. So he often
feels lonely.
A. a little B. a few C. few
( ) teaches ___ French?
A. we B. our C. us
( ) boys were all tired, but ___ of them
stopped to have a rest.
A. any B. some C. none
( ), I can’t answer your question. I
数词分为基数词和序数词。用于表示事
物数目的词称为基数词，表示 事物顺序的词
称为序数词。
1.基数词(1000以内的基数词的读法)
365—three hundred and sixty-five
505—five hundred and five
2.基数词变序数词的方法：
基变序，有规律；词尾要加th。
一二三，特殊记；词尾分别tdd。
八去t ，九去e

；ve则以f替。
ty 则变作 ti 后面还有一个e。
要是遇到几十几；只将个位变成序。
eg. one—first two—second three—third
eight—eighth nine—ninth twelve—twelfth
twenty—twentieth
twenty-one –-twenty-first
3.数词的应用：
A、时刻表达法：
a. 整点：基数词 + o’clock
eg. It’s eight o’clock now.
b. 几点几分：
1．直接表达法：先小时后分
eg. 3:25 three twenty-five
2.间接表达法：先分后小时
1)(<30
分钟
)用past ：分钟past 小时
eg. 3:25 twenty-five (minutes) past three
2) (>30
分钟
)用to：(60-
分钟数)
to
(小时数
+1)
eg. 3:35 twenty-five (minutes) to four
3) 30分钟 = half 15分钟 = a quarter
eg. 3:30 three thirty = half past three
3:15 three fifteen = a quarter past three.
3:45 three forty-five = a quarter to four
B、日期表达法：月日，年（或日月年）
1949年10月1日 :
October1st , nineteen forty-nine
=the first of October, nineteen forty-nine
2000年: the year two thousand
=twenty hundred
2001年: twenty o one
3月1日: March the first = the first of March
C、表编号：
eg. one third 三分之一 two thirds 三分之二
注意：1.分子超过1时，分母加s
2.含分数的短语作主语由分数后的词
决定谓语
eg.1)One third of the students are girls.
2)One third of the milk is mine.
3.分数的特殊形式
1)one third = a third
2)one fourth = a quarter
three fourths = three quarters
3)one second = a half
F、一些数词的复数 + of表约数：
hundreds of thousands of millions of

练 习

( ) you go out at night, you’ll be able to
see ____ starts.
A. thousands of B. thousand of
C. nine thousands of D. thousands
( ) is ___ day of the week.
A. first B. the first
C. the second D. second
( )’ve done it twice. Why not try ____
time?
A. third B. the third C. a third D. once
( ) is the____ month? It’s September.
A. nine B. nineth C. ninth D. ninety
( )er is ___ of the year.
A. the twelfth months B. the twelfth month
C. the twelveth months D. twelve months
( ) are ___ floors in the building and
he lives on the ____ floor.
A. eighteen, fifteen B. eighteenth, fifteenth
C. eighteen, fiveteen D. eighteen, fifteenth
( )7.I was born ___, 1982.
A. on June 2rd B. in June 2nd
C. on June two D. on June 2
( )’s ____ from our home to the zoo.
A. two and a half hours’ walk
B. a half and two hours walk
( )’s uncle went to France ____.
A. in his thirties B. on his thirties
C. at his thirties D. about his thirties
( ) headmaster wrote a ___ report.
A. two thousand words -thousand-words
C. two-thousand words D. two-thousand-word
( )13.____of the apples in the fruit bowl are
soft and sweet.
A. Two-third B. Second-third
C. Two-thirds D. Second-thirds
( ) have learned about ____ these days.
A. several hundreds English words
B. hundreds of English words
C. hundred of English words
D. several hundred English word
( )15.A UN report says that the word
population will pass six billion by the end of
____ century.
A. twentieth B. twenty
C. the twentieth D. the twentyth
五、介词

; on; at用在时间词前，表“在”
1)at + 具体时刻
2)on + 具体某天（具体某天的上、下午等；
星期词；以及上、下午词前有修饰词时）
3)in + 年、月、季节及一天中的某部分
但注意：at night= in the night at noon
at this that time at Christmas
eg. 1.___ the morning 2.___ Monday morning
3. ___ a rainy evening 4. ___3:50 5.__ 2002
6.___ the morning of April 10 7.___ spring
8.___ night 9.___ this time 10. ___ March
另外注意：在时间词（morning , afternoon ,
evening Sunday…）前有last, next , this , that
时，不再用介词. tomorrow, tonight前也不用
介词。
eg. I will go(A) to the cinema(B) in(C) this
evening. ______________
2. in , on , at 表地点：
at一般指小 地方；in一般指大地方或某

个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表
面” 。例如：
among :在（三者以上）之间
1)A big crowd of people were waiting for Li
eg. 1)He arrived ___Shanghai yesterday.
Lida on the beach. ________ them were his
2)They arrived ___a small village
parents.
before dark.
2)Tom sits ________Lucy and Lily.
3)There is a big hole ____ the wall.
与about : 关于
4)The teacher put up a picture ____
on用于较正式的演讲、学术、书籍等
the wall.
about用于非正式的谈话或随便提及
, on , to表方位
eg. He gave a talk ____ the history of the Party
eg. ①.Which do you like better, tea or milk?
②.Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.
“但是”表转折
eg. I listened, but I heard nothing.
注意：1)though(虽然), but(但是)不能连用
2)not … but 不是…而是
eg. This book isn’t mine but yours.
both… and :
既…又（连接主语为复数）

neither…nor:
既不…也不 连接两主
( )’s very kind ___ you to help us.
A. for B. to C. of
( ) will you have ___ breakfast this
morning?
A. with B. for C. by
( )18.A plane is flying ____ the city.
A. on B. over C. above
( ) are free to speak ___ the meeting.
A. at B. in C. on
in(范围内)；on(范围外且接壤)；to(范围外
但不接壤)。可表示为下图的位置关系

eg.1)Taiwan is in the southeast of China.
2)Hubei is on the north of Hunan.
3)Japan is to the east of China.
cross: 动词“跨过，越过”=go across
4. across: （表面）跨过
through: （内部）穿过，贯穿 介词
eg. 1)Can you swim _____ the river?
2)The road runs __________ the forest.
3) _____ the bridge, you’ll find a cinema.
5. in + 时间段：与将来时连用
after + 时间段：与过去时连用
但after + 时间点：可与将来时连用。
1) I’ll leave _______ three o’clock.. That is,
I’ll leave ________ about ten minutes.
2)They left _______ two weeks.
6. in the tree(外加在树上的事物)
on the tree(
树上自身具有的花、果、叶等
)
in the wall(镶嵌在墙内部的事物)
7. on the wall(墙表面的事物)
1) There is a map ___ the wall
2) There are four windows ___ the wall.
bike bus car ship (单数且无冠词)
但当这些交通工具名词前有其它修饰词时，
则应使用相应的介词。
eg. by bike = on a(the; his) bike
by car = in a(the her) car
on: 在…（表面）上——接触
9. over: 在…的正上方
above: 在…的斜上方 未接触
1) The moon rose ______ the hill.
2) There is a bridge _____ the river.
3) There is a book ______ the desk.
10. between: 在（两者）之间
12. in front of :
在…前面方（范围外
）= before
in at the front of:在……前部（范围内）
1)There is a big tree _______ of the classroom.
2)A driver drives _________ of the bus.
类似区别：at the back of与behind
和in: 表示“用“
with: 指“用工具、手、口等”
in: 指“用语言、话语、声音等”
1) Please write the letter ____ a pen.
2) Please speak ____ a loud voice.
14. on a farm in a factory the girl in the hat
leave for: 动身前往某地
15.一些固定搭配：
（1）介词与动词的搭配
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for;
wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off,
worry about, think of, look after,
spend…on…, 等。
（2）介词与名词的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot,
with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble,
at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。
（3）介词与形容词的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at,
be interested in, be angry with,
be full of, be sorry for等。
六、连词:
从属连词和并列连词
（一）从属连词：用于连接各种从句的连词
（二）并列连词：
并列连词用来连接具有并列关系的词，
短语或句子。常见的并列连词有：
1.表并列关系的and, both…and, not
only…but also, neither…nor等。
2. 表选择关系的or, either…or等。
3. 表转折关系的but, while（然而）等。
4.表因果关系的for, so等。
5. and: “和”在肯定句中表并列
or: “和”在否定句中表并列
另外：1)or “或者”用于选择疑问句
2)or “否则”
7. either…or:
或者…或者 语后者决

not only … but also:
不但…而且 定单、复
eg.1)Both he and I are students.
2)Neither he nor I am a student.
练 习
( )1.___ the afternoon of May, we visited the
old man. A. On B. At C. In
( ) people work ___ the day and sleep
___ night. A. on at B. in in C. in at
( ) speaks Japanese best ____ the boy
students. A. between B. with C. among
( )4.A wolf ___ a sheep skin is our dangerous
enemy. A. with B. in C. on
( ) hopes to come back ___ three days.
A. after B. for C. in
( ) sent the letter to me ___ mistake.
A. by B. for C. with
( ) left home ___ a cold winter evening.
A. at B. on C. in
( )ai is ____ the east of China.
A. in B. on C. to
( )9.____ my father’s help, I have finished
my composition.
A. Under B. On C. with
( )’s very strict ____ himself and he’s
very strict ___ his work.
A. with in B. in with C. with with
( )11.I really can’t agree ____ you.
A. to B. on C. with
( ) shop won’t open ___ nine in the
morning.
A. until B. at C. during
( ) about ___ the flowers now?
A. watering B. are watering C. watered
( ) spent all his money ___ books.
A. in B. with C. on
( ) are talking ___ low voices.
A. with B. in C. on
( ). Green will stay in China___ Friday.
A. to B. on C. till
( )’s wrong to play tricks ___ other
people.
A. on B. of C. with
( ) color do you like? I prefer blue
___ red. A. for B. as C. to
( ) student will give us a talk ___ how
to use our spare time.
A. for B. on C. in
( )24.I paid two hundred yuan ___ that kind
of bicycle.
A. in B. for C. on
( ) doctor is very kind ___ his patients
A. to B. on C. at
( ) can’t live ___ air.
A. in B. with C. without
( ) child was afraid ___ the strange
sound. A. at B. for C. of
( ) was very angry ___ her for being
late. A. for B. with C. at
( ) do you think ___ the play?
A. about B. like C. of
( )30.I think it’s the right way to work out the
problem, but I am not sure _____ it.
A. do B. for C. of
( )g ___ the sun isn’t good ___ you
A. under for B. in for C. in to
( )32.I won’t ask about it, I’m going to see it
____ my own eyes.
A. by B. for C. with
( ) go to school every day ____ Sunday.
A. except B. without C. on
( ) is a small river ___ the two
towns A. in B. between C. among
( ) Lei sometimes falls asleep ___ the
lesson. A. for B. through C. during
( ). Black went to Paris ___ a few days.
A. for B. in C. after

( ) will leave ________ London next
month.
A. to B. from C. for
( ) you going to the zoo ___ bus or
___ my car?
A. on by B. by in C. on in
( ) woke up several times ___ the night
A. in B. at C. on
( ) one can stop her ___ going away.
A. since B. in C. on D. by
( )55. ---What is a writing brush, do you
know?
---It’s _______ writing and drawing.
A. with B. to C. for D. by
( )56. English is widely used ______ travellers
and business people all over the world.
A. to B. for C. as D. by
( )57. ______ the help of my teacher, I caught
train.
A. and B. so C. however D. or
( )68. The mountain was ______ steep _____
few people in our city reached the top.
A. so…as B. so…that
C. as…as D. too…to
( )69. ---Do you remember our pleasant
journey to Xi’an?
---Of course. I remember everything
2) “the
比较级
，the
比较级” “越……，越……”
eg. the more, the better 多多益善
_________ you are, _______ you will get.
你越懒，收获越少。
3) “the
比较级
of +
二者
” “
二者中较……的一个”
eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.
2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is
thicker(D). _________
4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较
A. of B. from C. out of up with the other students.
( ) do you mean ___ “bao zhi”?
A. Under B. In C. With D. On
A. on B. with C. by ( )58. Hong Kong is ______ the south of
( )’ll get a nice present ____ your
China, and Macao is ______ the west of Hong
parents____ your birthday. Kong.
A. from on B. for at C. frm in A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in
( ) comes in ____ the window. ( )59. ---You’d better not go out now. It’s
A. from B. across C. through raining.
( ) are many apples ___ the tree. A ---It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep
bird ___ the tree is picking an apple. ______ rain.
A. in on B. on in C. in at A. in B. of C. with D. off
( )45. “Who are you going to play ____?”
( )60. Japan lies ______ the east of China.
“Grade Two.”
A. to B. in C. about D. at
A. about B. by C. against ( )61. ---Will the foreigners have any
( )46. Don’t go ___ the street. The bus is
problems talking with Chinese in 2008?
coming. ---I don’t think so. Now ______ the
A. cross B. across C. past young ______ the old can speak some English.
( ) lives ___ the twentieth floor ___ No. A. either…or B. not only… but also
154 Zhongshan Street. C. neither…nor D. both…or
A. on at B. in in C. on in ( )62. We didn’t catch the train _______ we
( ) found a piece of useful information left late.
___ the Internet. A. so B. because C. but D. though
A. at B. on C. in ( )63. Tom failed in the exam again _______
( )49.___ my surprise, he lost the game. he wanted to pass it very much.
A. With B. To C. On A. if B. so C. though D. as
( ) blind man knows the money ___ ( )64. I won’t believe that the five-year-old
touching and feeling it. boy can read five thousand words ______ I
A. with B. by C. through have tested him myself.
( )51. We traveled overnight to Paris and A. after B. when C. if D. until
arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the morning. ( )65. The book was so interesting that he
A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on had read it for three hours ______ he realized
( )52. Where’s Lily? We are all here _______ it.
her. A. when B. until C. after D. before
A. beside B. about C. except D. with ( )66. ---This dress was last year’s style.
( )53. She sent her friend a postcard _______ a ---I think it still looks perfect ______ it
birthday present. has gone out this year.
A. on B. as C. for D. of A. so that B. even though
( )54. Jack has studied Chinese in this school C. as if D. ever since
_______ the year of 2000. ( )67. Hurry up, _______ you will miss the
______ it happened yesterday.
A. as soon as B. even though
C. rather than D. as if
( )70. ______ you can’t answer this question,
we have to ask someone else for help.
A. Although B. While
C. Whether D. Since
七、形容词、副词的比较等级
1.原级：表示A与B在某方面相同。
句型：1) A + 谓 + as + 原级 + as + B
2) A + 谓(否定) + asso + 原级 + as + B
A与B在某方面不同
注意：not as so… as = less than 不及；不如
eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.
2)You don’t eat so much as I
3)This book isn’t as interesting as that one
= This book is ___ ________ _____ that one
2.比较级：两者进行比较（常与than连用）
1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聪明。
2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。
3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的
苹果多。
4)Which is more interesting, this one or that
one? 哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本？
3.最高级：三者（或三者以上）进行比较（
常
与表范围的
in , of
短语连用
）
(
注意
：of +
个体名词单数
in +
集合名词
)
eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
2)He runs fastest in our class.
3)He is the tallest of the three boys.
4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2
or Lesson3 ?
4.形、副比较等级的其他用法
1) “
比较级
and
比较级
” 表示 “
越来越……
”
eg. lazier and lazier 越来越懒
(但注意：如果多音节词用此结构时应为
more and more + 形、副)
eg. more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮
级”
eg. He’s a head taller than me.
My brother is two years older than me
5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice; three times
等 + as…as”
eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that
one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。
2)He has four times as many books as I
have 他拥有的书是我拥有的四倍。
6)区别older elder与farther further
older（年龄较老的）
elder（指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的）
eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.
farther (指距离“较远的”)
further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)
eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.
2)Fusun is _________ from our school than
Zhaohua.

形、副比较等级还应注意
1.比较级前用a little much a lot even still
来加强语气，表示“……一点儿；……得多 ；
更……”
eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿
2)much more 多得多
3)even heavier更重
但注意：不能在比较级前加so; too; very;
quite等。
2.比较级必须是同类事物相比（即as; than后
的词应与主语是同类事物），注意常用漏的
代词有：that; those; one; ones
eg. 1)The apples (A) in this basket (B) are
redder (C) than in that basket(D). _________
2)This knife (A) isn’t (B) so (C) new as that
(D). _______________
3)Our classroom (A) is (B) bigger (C) than
Lily(D). _______________
3.个体与整体相比，不能包括个体，常用“any

other + 单数名词”来进行比较。
eg.1）Betty(
是个体
) is cleverer than any student
in her class(
是整体
). ( × )
正：Betty is cleverer than any other student in
her class.
=Betty is cleverer than anybody else in her
2) tired__________ __________
pleased ___________ ____________
3) often ________________ _____________
friendly_______________ ____________
4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最
高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有
A. good B. well C. better D. best
( ) on more clothes. It is snowing ___
outside. A. strongly B. heavy C. heavily
( ) drives as ___ as Tom.
A. carefully B. good C. nice D. fine
( ) China larger than ____ in Africa.
C. strongest D. the strongest
( ) is ___ tired ___ move after the
hard work.
A. very to B. quite to
C. too to D. so that
( )23. Jack didn’t run ___ to catch the bus.
class.
=Betty is the cleverest in her class.
(特别注意以上三种句型的转换)
2)China is bigger than any country in Africa.
中国比非洲的任何一个国家都大。
3) China is bigger than any other country in
Asia. 中国比亚洲的任何一个其他国家大。
*4.使用最高级时应把主语包括在范围内。
eg. Mary is the tallest of all her sisters.( × )
(all her sisters已排除了Mary)
改：Mary is the tallest of all the sisters.
5.表示“第二、第三……”时，可在最高级
前加“second , third,
…
”（但“第一”不能
用first）
eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest
river in China. 改错：________________

附：形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则
A、规则变化
1.“辅 + y”结尾，变y为i加er , est
(但“形 + ly ”构成的副词除外)
2.双写加er , est
3.直接加 er , est r, st
4.在多音词前加more , most (以“形 + ly ”
构成的副词也在前加more , most)
B、不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
goodwell better best
manymuch more most
badillbadly worse worst
little less least
old olderelder oldesteldest
far farther farthest
further furthest


另外：
1) 以-er , -ow , -ble , -ple结尾的双音节词加
er, est r, st.
narrow ________ ________
simple _________ _________
able _______ _______
物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。
eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) ________ < br>5)形容词作表语、定语，修饰名词(
但部分形
容词不能作定语，只能表语：
i ll alone asleep
afraid interested excited surprised ).
副词作状语，修饰动词。
练 习
一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级
thin ____ ____ easy _____ ______
early ______ ______ new ______ ______
hot ______ ______ clever ______ _______
little _____ ______ late _____ ______
narrow______ ______fat _____ ______
many ______ _____ big _____ ______
dangerous__________ ___________
wonderful __________ ___________
careful __________ ____________
slowly __________ ____________
popular __________ ____________
二、选择填空
( ) language is ____ , English,
French or Chinese?
A. difficult B. the difficult
C. more difficult D. the most difficult
( ) Bridge is one of ___ in the world
A. bigger bridge B. the biggest bridge
C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges
( ) is taller than Mike. But he is not
____ Mike.
A. strong as B. so strong as
C. so strong D. as strong
( ) of the people in Guangdong are
getting ______.
A. more and rich B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer D. rich and rich
( ) text is ____ easier and ____ interes-
ting than that one.
A. more ; much B. much more
C. more more D. much much
( ) do you like ____, beef, pork or
chicken?
A. any country B. any other country
C. any countries D. all countries
( ) ___ brother is ___ than I.
A. elder, three years older B. older older
C. older; three years elder D. elder elder
( ) Mei is more beautiful than ___ in her
class.
A. any girl B. any other girl
C. all the girls D. any girls
( ) problem is ___ than that one.
A. ten times easy B. ten times easier
C. ten times more easy D. ten time easier
( ) film is ___ interesting than that
one.
A. more B. much C. very D. the most
( ) is ___ in today’s newspaper.
A. interesting nothing B. nothing interesting
C. interested nothing D. nothing interested
( ) teacher asked all the students in the
class to keep their eyes ____.
A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed
( ) fat man always says his meat looks
____ and sells _____.
A. good good B. well well
C. good well D. well good
( ) seems that men are ____ making
computers than women.
A. better at B. good at
C. well in D. weak in
( ) word’s population is growing fast
every minute, especially in some ___ countries
A. west B. more developed
C. east D. less developed
( ) bridge is not ___ long and wide
____ the one in my hometown.
A. so as B. very than C. too; as D. very as
( )20.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is
___ one of all the movie songs.
A. the most beautiful B. most beautiful
C. much more beautiful D. a beautiful
( ) Tao is as ___ as Zhang Hua.
A. strong B. stronger
A. enough fast B. quickly enough
C. enough slow D. slowly enough
( ) driver is very ___. He often drives
his car _____.
A. careful careful B. carefully; carefully
C. carefully careful D. careful ; carefully
( )! All the children are working ___
on the farm.
A. careful B. hard C. busy D. happy
( ) population of Shanghai is ___ than
that of Xi’an.
A. smaller B. fewer C. much D. larger

附Ⅱ——情态动词（can could; may might;





















附Ⅰ——动词的四种形式
A、动三单的变法
1) “辅+y”结尾, 变y为i加es
2) “以s; sh; ch; x; o结尾, 加es
3)直接加s
但have----has
B、现在分词的变法
1)去e加ing (e不发音)
2)双写加ing (
“辅元辅”结尾且重读,y;w列外
)
3)直接加ing
写出下列动词的现在分词
_______ _______________
______________ ______
_______________ ______
_______ _______ _______
C、动词的过去式和过去分词
（一）不规则变化（
见课本不规则变化表
P255）
（二）规则变化
1) “辅+y”结尾，变y为i加ed
2)双写加ed
3)直接加ed
写出下列动词的过去式和过去分词
______ _______ ______ ______
________ _________
______ ______ ______ ____
_____ ______ ______ ______
must; should）+动原
(必须)——needn’t(不必)
may(可以)——mustn’t(
不许；不准；不可以
)
2.注意几个题：
1)—May I go with you?
—No, you _________.
2)—Must I turn off the light now?
—Yes, you ______ No, you _________
附Ⅲ——动词不定式与动名词
A、动词不定式作宾补
1)tell ask want sb to do ______________
否定式：tellaskwant sb not to do __________
____________________
2)省to不定式作宾补
即：(l, m, n, 3h, 2看, 1f) sb do
l—let; m—make; n—notice; 3h—hear, have,
help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel
但注意：1)help sb (to) do (to可省、可不省)
2)
在改作被动语态时省去的
to
应还原
eg. Someone heard him sing in the room.
He was heard to sing in the room.
B、动词不定式与动名词的区别
1.(hope; learn; want=would like; decide) to do
2.(enjoy; finish; keep; mind; practise) doing
?
?
bebusy(in)
?
?
spend...(in)
?
?
feellike
?
?

?
?
?
stopkeepprevent...from
?
?

?makeacontributionto
?
?
doing
?
?
preferdoingto
?
?
?
havefun
??
?
havesomeproblems
?
?
?
?beworth
?
?
?
?
stop
todo:停下来去 做（另一件事）
?
doing:停止做（正在做的事）
?
3.
??
forget
todo:忘记做??（未做）

?
doing :忘记已做了??（已做）
?
?
to
?
remember
d o:记住做??（未做）
?
doing:记住已做了??（已做）
4.(see,wa tch,hear)sb
do(动作结束）
doing(动作在进行）


todo:接着做??（另一件事）
doing:继续做??（原来的事）

6（.begin,start,like)
todo
doing
(常可替换 ）

?
?
Whynot
?
hadbetter
?< br>7.
?
?
?
WillwouldCouldyouplease
?动原

?
?
?
?
?
prefertodora therthan
?
?
8.介词+doing
eg. 1)What How about doing
2)be good at doing
附Ⅳ——宾语从句与状语从句中的时态
1.状语从句中的时态：
主句 时间、条件句
1）一般将来时 2）祈
使句 3）情态动词原形
一般现在时
一般过去时 一般过去时
eg.1)I’ll call you as soon as he ______ (come)
back.
2)He won’t go to bed until he _________
(finish) his homework.
3)I’ll help you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow
2.宾语从句中的时态：
主句 宾语从句
一般现在时 一切时态
过去范畴的某一时态（一般
一般过去时 过去时；过去进行时；过去
完成时；过去将来时）
但当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自
然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。
eg.1)He said his father _________(come) back
in two days.
2)The teacher said light ________(travel)
faster than sound.
附Ⅴ——主谓一致
1.表“时间、距离、金钱、长度”的名词短
语做主语时应看作一个整体，视为三单
eg. Two months is quite a long time.
; police形单实为复，作主为复
eg. The police are looking for the missing boy.
, news, physics形复实为单，作主为单
; class看作整体时作主语为单数；看
作整体中的各成员时则为复数。
eg. 1)My family is a big one.
2)My family are watching TV.
5.由with, except, as well as连接的两名词作
主语，谓语由前者决定
eg. The teacher with his students is going to
Beijing tomorrow.

6.由neither…nor; either…or; not only…bout
also连接的两名词作主语，谓语由后者决定
eg. Neither he nor I am a teacher.
7.不定代词（something; anything; nothing;
someone; anyone; everyone…）作主语为三单
Nobody knows it except me.
of + 复名… 作主语为单数
eg. One of my friends is a computer engineer.
9.“the +姓的复数”作主语为复数
eg. The Lius are watching TV now.
ago (C). ____________
6)He has (A) come to (B) Beijing for ten
years(C) ___________
7)My brother (A) has joined (B) the army (C)
for (D) five years. ___________

练 习
一、写出下列各时态的构成，然后找出各时
态所对应的时间状语，只写代号
you like ______(have) a cup of tea?
can ______(go) there tomorrow.
you mind my _____(open) the door?
ask him _______(speak) more loudly
17.I’ll go fishing if it ____(be) fine tomorrow.
said his grandpa ________(be) dead for
ten years.
the children __________(not play) in
the street.
Zhu spent much time _________(help)
44. The family _____(be) spending the
weekend together.
三、选择填空
( )1.—Must I turn off the light now?
---No, you _______
A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. can’t
( ) teacher told us the sun ____ in the
east. A. rose B. rises C. is rising
( ) ___ back in a month.
A. will come B. come C. came
; deer; fish单复同形，注意区别作主
语是单还是复
eg. 1)There are many sheep on the hill.
2)Milk ____ white, and sheep ______
white, too. (be填空)
be结构中，如果有 两个以上的名词
作主语，则be应与最接近的那个名词一致。
（即：靠近原则）eg.
1)There ____a box and some pens on the desk.
2)There ____some pens and a box on the desk.
12. either, neither, each作主语为三单
eg. Neither of the twins ______(like) drawing.
13.由两部分构成的事物名词（trousers,
glasses, chopstic ks）作主语为复数，但当前
面有pair短语修饰时，则谓语由pair的单复
数来决定谓语 。
eg.1)Where ____(be) my glasses?
2)That pair of trousers ____(be) Mr. Green’s
附Ⅵ——“短命”动词与“长命”动词之间
的转化
buy—have borrow—keep die—be dead
leave—be away (from); come back—be back;
fall asleep—be asleep open—be open
catch a cold—have a cold; go get out—be out;
arrive (reach get to come to) +地点—be in
+地点；join—be in +集体（或be + 成员）；
turn on—be on; turn off—be off
get a letter from—have a letter from.
end finish—be over get up—be up
1) He has (A) bought (B) the fridge (C) for (D)
two years. _________
2)How long (A) may (B) I borrow (C) the (D)
book? _________
3)The film (A) has begun (B) for five
minutes(C). _________
4)Tom has got (A) the letter (B) from (C) Jim
for two days (D). __________
5)I have (A) caught (B) a cold since two years
1、一般现在时：__________ _________
时间状语 _______________________
2、一般过去时 _________________

时间状语_______________________
3、一般将来时:___________ __________
__________
时间状语_____________________
4、现在进行时_____________________
时间状语_______________________
5、 现在完成时____________________
时间状语_______________________
6、过去进行时_____________________
时间状语_______________________
提供的时间状语如下：
A. since she came in B. in two days
C. when she came in D. next week
E. often F. five days ago G. sometimes
H. last year I. look之后的句子 J. just
K. at 4:30 yesterday L. so far
M. for ten years N. since two years ago
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
________ (watch) TV every evening.
________(talk) when the teacher came in.
________(go) to Beijing two days ago.
________(leave) Chengdu in two days.
! The boy________(play) football on
the playground.
uncle ______(live) here for ten years.
often helps the old woman _______
(carry) water.
you like to make a contribution to
________ (improve) our living conditions?
’t forget ________(turn) off the lights
before you go out.
let the girls _____(go) first.
had great fun ________(play) football
this afternoon.
you enjoy ________(watch) TV?
me with my English.
21.I’ll tell you as soon as he ____ (come) back.
of us _____(want) to go to college.
you for ______(help) me.
teacher told us the earth ____(go)
round the sun.
father is good at _____(fish).
’d better______(not talk) in class.
teacher stopped_______(talk) to us
when we went into the office.
28.I saw her _______(cook) when I got home.
! A woman with two children _____
(be) coming towards us.
family ___ not big, but the family ____
(be) interested in music.
months _____(be) quite a long time.
asked if Tom ______(come) in two days
of our teachers _____(be) a foreigner.
Greens ______(have) been to the Great
Wall twice.
is practicing _______(speak) English
with Mr. Green.
pair of glasses ___ mine. The glasses
on the table ____ his (be).
____ an apple, a pear and some
bananas on the table. (be)
38.______(read) in bed ___(be)bad your eyes.
, Jim! I ________ (not know) you we
in Chengdu. I ______ (tell) you were still in
London.
_______(say) that another bridge_______
(build) over the river next year.
41. He left the room without _______ (say)
goodbye.
42. Many trees ________ (plant) in our school
yard these years.
43. The police _____ (be) trying to catch the
thief.
( )4.I ___ him before.
A. met B. had met C. have met
( ) teacher ____ to Japan this year.
She’s now telling her pupils about it.
A. went B. has been C. has gone
( ) ____ hard when I got home yesterday.
A. rained B. is raining C. was raining
( ) not ____ again?
A. to try B. try C. trying
( ) has finished ____ the letter.
A. writing B. to write C. wrote
( ) _____ every night.
A. happens B. is happened C. happened
( ) policeman told the children ____ in
the street.
A. not play B. not to play C. don’t play
( ) box is too heavy for me ____.
A. to carry it B. to carry C. carrying it
( ) ____and listen to the teacher.
A. to read B. read C. reading
( ) is still looking for a house ____.
A. to live B. to live in C. to live in it
( )14.I heard her ___ when I passed her room
just now. A. sing B. singing C. to sing
( )15.—May I go with you ?
---No, you ______.
A. may not B. can not C. mustn’t
( ) are some ____ in the river.
A. air B. fish C. water.
( ) __ white and milk ___white, too.
A. is is B. is are C. are is
( ) class ___ going to see a film this
afternoon.
A. am B. is C. are
( )’s shoes ____ under the bed.
A. are B. is C. was
( ) years ____ quite a long time.
A. is B. are C. were

( ) clothes are mine. Yours ____ under
the bed.
A. is B. are C. were
( ) ___ a lot of news in today’s
newspaper.
A. is B. are C. were
( )23.--Can you answer this question in
English? No, I _____.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. may not D. can't
( )24. The teacher wanted us _____ Exercise
C. left D. have left
( ) _____ the good news to his
classmates this morning.
A. spoke B. told C. said D. talked

十、被 动 语 态
英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两
种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动
语态的主语是动 作的承受者。
6.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓
语动词若由v + prep adv构成，变被动语态
时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。
eg. We must take care of the baby.
→The baby must be taken care of.
练 习 题
( ) factory has been____ for two years
A. open B. to open C. opening D. opened
( ) light in the room ___ before you
leave. A. must turn off B. will turn off
C. had risen D. is rising
( ) People’s Liberation Army was
____ August 1, 1927.
A. found in B. found on
C. founded on D. founded in
( ) oranges should be well ___ during
the winter.
A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep
( )18. Many of the sheep ___ by the wolf狼).
A. was killed B. are killed
1, but you let me ______ Exercise 2.
do, do B. to do, to do
C. do, to do D. do, do
( )25. Miss Green saw a wallet ______on the
ground when she walked past the school gate.
A. lie B. lying C. lies D. to lie
( ) have you done _____ the milk?
I've just _____ it.
A. with, eaten , eaten
C. with, drunk D. for, drunk
( ) radio _______ it will get warmer
later.
A. says B. speaks D. tells
( )28. You must be very tired. Why not _____
a rest?
A. stop having to have
stop having D. to stop to have
( )29. Li Ping is young, but he _____ many
places of interest in South China.
to B. has been in
gone to D. has been to
( )30. Mother told me _____ in the sun.
A. not read B. don't read
C. read not D. not to read
( ) you often see her ______ volleyball
on the playground?
A. play B. played C. plays D. to play
( ) didn't hear what the teacher said
just now,so she doesn't know how _______ the
problem.
A. do B. did C. to do D. doing
( ) the little boy ____someone
coming upstairs,he stopped _____.
A. heard…crying B. listened…to cry
C. heard…to cry D. listened…cry
( )34.I ______ my ruler at I use
yours,please?
A. forgot B. have forgotten
eg. We use a knife for cutting (主动句).
A knife is used for cutting (被动句)。
一、构成：be + 过去分词
eg. 1)The work is finished by him.
2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.
二、被动语态的时态
1.
一般现在时
：am is are +
过去分词

eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.
2.
一般过去时
：was were +
过去分词

eg. The machines were made in China.
3.
一般将来时
:willshallbe going to be+
过去分词
eg. A sports meeting will be held in our school
next week.
4.
现在完成时
：have has been +
过去分词

eg. The work has been done by them.
5.
现在进行时
：am is are being +
过去分词
。
eg. A new school is being built in our village.
6.
过去进行时
：was were being +
过去分词

eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.
综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词
的变化（即：be动词的各种时态）
另外注意以下几点：
1.含情态动词的被动语态：
can may must should + be + 过去分词
eg. He may be sent away from school.
2.带动词不定式的被动语态
eg. My bike needs to be mended.
3.在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行
者时，应用“by + 动作的执行者(宾格)”
eg. He was called Mike by us
4.不及物动词无被动语态（take place happen
last rise sink fall等）
eg. The accident was happened two days ago
(改错) _________
5.当宾语补足语是省to不定式时，在改作被
动语态之后，应将省去的to还原。
boss made the workers work 12 hours.
→The workers were made to work 12 hours.
C. are turned off D. must be turned off
( ) young trees ____ planted in spring.
A. must B. have C. must be D. must are
( )e ____ by Miss Wang three years
ago. A. was taught B. is taught
C. was teached D. were teach
( ) trees ___ quite often.
A. should water B. should be water
C. should be watered D. should have watered
( )h ___ by many people in the world
A. speaks B. speak C. are spoken D. is spoken
( ) old people ___ well in our country.
A. is looked after B. are looked after
C. looks after D. look for
( )8. Alice is ill. She ____ to hospital at once.
A. is sent B. must be sent
C. can send D. must send
( )9. The factory ____ in 1958.
A. was built B. is built
C. will be built D. built
( ) teacher told us that the classroom
_____ every day.
A. should be cleaned B. should cleaned
C. shall be cleaned D. must cleaned
( )ll ____ all over the world.
A. plays B. is playing
C. has played D. is played
( )12.____ silk ____ in Suzhou?
A. Is , produced B. Are, produced
C. Does, produce D. Was, produce
( ) money ____ spent on books
every year. A. have B. has C. are D. is
( ) students was made ______ the
questions by the teacher.
A. answer B. to answer
C. answering D. answered
( ) sun ____ when we got there.
A. was risen B. has been risen
C. are killing D. were killed
( ) recorders____ in our English class
A. should use B. used
C. can be used D. are using
( )20. ____ English ____ in Canada?
A. Do, spoken B. Is , spoken
C. Are, spoken D. Does, speak
( ) ____ not to leave waster paper
everywhere.
A. tells B. told C. was told D. has told
( ) ____ “The Family”, “Spring” and
“Autumn” ______?
A. was, written B. were, written
C. were, written by D. are. Written by
( ) at the building! It ____ now.
A. is being built B. has been built
C. is building D. has built
( ) of the work ____ before six.
A. can be done B. will do C. were done
( ) ____ stamps for sending letters.
A. are used B. use C. used
( ) Great Green Wall(绿色长城)___ in
North China.
A. are built B. can be build C. was built
( )27.___ the farm ____ by the students ?
A. was, visited B. Is, visit C. Must, visit
( ) woman ____ by people in the
waiting room.
A. was laughed B. was laughed at
C. laughed at
( )29. What ____ there?
A. happened B. is happened
C. must be happened
( ) was made ______for twelve hours.
A. to work B. work C. worked
十一、状语从句
（一）时间状语从句：由when, while, before,

after, since, as soon as, till until引导的从句
1）when与while
“短命”动词
?
when?
2)因为(because), 所以(so)不能连用
eg. Because he was (A) ill, so (B) he didn’t (C)
go to school (D) yesterday. ________
find the hospital at the end of it.
A. since B. and C. when
( ) this medicine , ___ you will yet
Beijing.
A. has been B. have been C. has gone
( )’ll have a sports meeting if it ____
?
（四）结果状语从句：由so… that引导的从
?
while?“长命”动词

句（so后接形、副原级）
eg.1)I’ll tell her the good news _____he comes
eg. He ran (A) so faster (B) that I couldn’t
back. catch up with (C) him. ________
2)Aunt Wang came in while we were
注意：1) “so… that +否定句”与“too… to”
watching TV
的替换
eg.1)He is so young that he can’t go to school.
2)
“短命”动词的否定式
?
?
?unti l:直到??才
“长命”动词的肯定式

?
?until:到??为止
= He is too young to go to school(
主、从句主语
相同)

3)since:
自从……以来
(since
从句常用一般过去时)

2)He ran so fast that we couldn’t catch up
注意主句通常用现在完成时，但当主句表
with him.
示一种状态，用一般现在时
= He ran too fast for us to catch up with.
(主、
eg.1)He has lived there since he came to China
从句主语不同)
2)It is two years since her mother died. 3)The box is so heavy that I can’t carry it
（二）
条件状语从句：由
if
(如果)引导的从句
= The box is too heavy for me to carry.(注意
eg.I will go to the park if it ________ (not rain)
carry后省去宾语it)
tomorrow.
2）“so… that +从句”与“enough to”
注意：条件状语从句与以下句型的转换 的替换
1）祈使句，and (then , or)+简单句
eg.1)He’s so strong that he can carry the box.
= If you … , you …
= He’s strong enough to carry the box.
eg.1)Use your head, then you’ll find a way.
2)The question is so easy that I can answer it
=If you use your head, you’ll find a way =The question is easy enough for me to answer
2)Hurry up, or you’ll be late.
=If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late.
2)without与条件句的转化
练 习
eg. Man can’t live without water.
( ) bought granny a present, ___ she
=Man can’t live if there is no water.
didn’t like it.
注意以上两种状语从句的时态
A. but B. and C. when
( ) quick, ___ you’ll be late for the
主句 时间、条件句
football match.
1）一般将来时 2）祈
使句 3）情态动词原形
一般现在时
A. so B. and C. or
( )’ve done badly, ___ I can see you did
一般过去时 一般过去时
your best. A. or B. but C. so
但since从句例外，应与现在完成时连用。
( ) was our first lesson, ___ she didn’t
eg.1)I’ll call you as soon as he ______ (come)
know all our names.
back.
A. for B. but C. so
2)He won’t go to bed until he _________
( ) didn’t pass the ball often enough,
(finish) his homework.
___ they didn’t play together very well.
3)I’ll help you if I _____ (be) free tomorrow
A. and B. yet C. when
4)I ___________ (live) here since I came to
( ) was raining at that time, ___ they
China.
couldn’t go out for walk.
（三）原因状语从句：由because, since , for ,
A. because B. or C. so
as引导的从句
( ) couldn’t go to school, ___ she was
eg. He didn’t go to school because he was ill.
very ill. A. for B. before C. though
注意：1)对because引导的从句提问用why
( ) straight along the road, ___ you’ll
well soon. A. and B. but C. so
( ) she or I ___ him at the airport.
A. is to meet B. am to meet C. are to meet
( ) train hasn’t arrived ____.
A. too B. also C. yet
( ) won’t go there, ___ will I.
A. So B. Neither C. Also
( ) can take ___ this book ___ that
book, but you can’t take ___ of them.
A. either, or all B. either , or both
C. not only , but also both
( ) students had no water___ food then
A. or B. and C. also
( ) were ___ weak ___ carry the
heavy box.
A. neither , nor B. both , and C. too , to
( ) books aren’t yours ___ ours.
A. nor B. and C. but
( ) saves his money, ___ John spends
all he gets.
A. while B. or C. so
( ) me, ___ can you tell me how to
get to the park?
A. and B. please C. but
( ) needs to have a rest, ___ he has
worked for a long time .
A. and B. but C. for
( ) policeman was ___ busy ___
holidays with his family.
A. very , to spend B. too , to spend
C. so , that
( )r Jack nor I ___ to the park.
A. is going B. are going C. am going
( ) grandfather has never been to
school so he could ___ read ___ write.
A. neither , nor B. either , or C. both , and
( ) ___ until Mike ___ sorry to him.
A. let him in , said B. didn’t let him in , said
C. didn’t let him in , says
( )24.I’m sure Li Ping is ___ in the classroom
___ in the library.
A. either , or B. both , and C. neither , or
( )’t open the door ___ the bus ___.
A. until , stops B. and , stops C. until , stop
( ) his father and his mother ___ to
rain tomorrow.
A. won’t B. isn’t C. don’t D. doesn’t
( )28.I’ll let you know as soon as he ____.
A. comes back B. will come back
C. is coming back D. come back
( )29.I’m ___ busy getting ready for
Christmas ____ I have no time to write to you.
A. not, until B. too, to
C. so, that D. neither, nor
( ) TV set is too dear, ____ it gives
you a better picture.
A. or B. if C. though D. and
( ) you ask Tom to ring me up if you
____ him tomorrow.
A. met B. meet C. will meet D. have met
( ) she ___ TV in the sitting room,
the bell ____.
A. watches, rings B. is watching, rang
C. was watching D. watched, was ringing
( ) will go ____ after she ____ her
homework.
A. shops, finish B. shopping, finishes
C. to shop, finishing D. shopping, finish
( ) is listening to the music ____ he is
washing clothes.
A. after B. before C. when D. while
( ) Mr. Wang to go to Mr. Li’s office,
when you ____ him.
A. saw B. will see C. are seeing D. see
( ) ____ until the meeting was over.
A. left B. not leave
C. don’t leave D. didn’t leave
( ) children sat at the table until the
guests ____.
A. leave B. are leaving C. left D. had left
( ) film ____ for half an hour when I
got to the cinema.
A. has begun B. had been on
C. begun D. begins
( ) ____ until late into the night.
A. waited B. came C. went D. started
( ) began to do his homework _____ he
turned on the light.
A. before B. since C. till D. after
( ) didn’t go to swim yesterday___ he

was ill.
A. when B. if C. because D. and because
( ) Ping gives me more help than Wang
Lin ____ .
A. is B. has C. does D. gives
( ) keep the box for me ____ I come
back tonight.
A. when B. as C. to D. until
( )44.I bought an umbrella ____ the weather
eg. ①.“Do you like this book?” she asked me.
=She asked me ___ I liked this book.
②.“Have you visited the Great Wall?”
Could you tell me?
=Could you tell me _____ you have visited
the Great Wall?
注意以下几点：
ⅰ.区别if当作“是否”，还是“如果”
eg. I don’t know if he ______ (come)if it
( ) wanted to know ____ her grandma
liked the dog.
A. that B. if C. which D. what
( ) you tell us ____ ?
A. where have you gone
B. where have you gone
C. where you have been
D. where have you been
( ) you still remember ____ ?
I’ll tell you.
A. will come, comes B. comes, will come
C. comes , comes D. will come, will come
( ) you tell me ____ best?
A. which one you like one do you like
C. do you like which one like which one
( ) teacher told the children that the
earth ____ around the sun.
A. moves B. moved
was fine.
A. if B. although C. because D. as
( ) got to the cinema ___ late ___ there
were no seats left.
A. too, to B. much, to C. very, that D. so, that
( ) ___ five years ___ I left the army.
A. is , since B. was , since
C. has been, when D. is , when
( ) it was raining hard, ___ was
still waiting for her son in the rain.
A. but she B. and she C. she D. so she
( )48.I have known him ___ I was a child.
A. because B. since C. when D. before
( ) had finished his homework ____
his mother came back.
A. after B. before C. while D. then
十二、宾语从句：
充当宾语的句子
对宾语从句应注意以下三要素：
1. 引导词 2. 语序 3. 时态
1. 引导词
1)that
引导一般疑问句意义的宾从
(that
可省
)
eg. He says (that) the boy is a lilltle weak in
Chinese.
2)疑问词引导
特殊疑问句意义
的宾从
eg. ①.Do you know who will give us a talk?
②.I don’t know whose book that is.
③.Could you please tell which gate we
have to go to?
④.I wonder when he will come back.
注意：此类宾从的主语与主句的主语（或宾
语）相同时，可替换为“疑问词 + to do”
eg. ①.I haven’t decided where I will go
=I haven’t decided where to go
②.He asked me what I bought
= He asked me what to buy.
类似短语：how to do _____what to say_____
what to do _____where to go____
3)ifwhether
(是否)引导一般疑问句意义的宾从

______(rain) tomorrow.
ⅱ.用whether不用if的几种情况
1)后接不定式
eg. I can’t decide whether to go to Beijing.
2)与or or not连用
eg. I want to know whether you will go to the
park or not.
3)在句首时
eg. Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
4)whether还可以引导让步状语从句，意
为“不管，无论”
eg. Whether it rains or not, we are going to the
park tomorrow.
2.语序：宾从用陈述句语序
eg. 1)I don’t (A) know whether (B) will he (C)
come (D) tomorrow. _____________
2)He asks (A) me when (B) will you (C)
come back (D). _____________
3)Could you tell (A) how many players (B)
are there (C) in (D) a football team? ________
3.时态
主句 宾语从句
一般现在时 一切时态
过去范畴的某一时态（一般
一般过去时 过去时；过去进行时；过去
完成时；过去将来时）
?
eg.1)Shesays(t hat)
?
shegoestoschooleveryday.
?
sheh asbeenillforfivedays.

?
?
shewillcom etomorrow.
?
shewenttoschooleveryday.
2)S hesaid(that)
?
?
shehadbeenillforfivedays .
?
?
shewouldcomethenextday.
但当宾语从句是指 客观事实、普遍真理、自
然现象时，则只能用一般现在时。
eg. She said (that) the sun rises in the east.
练 习
A. that he said B. what he said C. had moved D. was moving
C. did he say that D. what did he say ( ) knows which factory _____.
( ) weather here changes very often and A. does he work B. he works
we can’t tell ____ it will be like tomorrow.
C. does he work in D. he works in
A. that B. how C. what D. whether ( ) said that no one knew ___ with him.
( )5.—What did the scientist say? A. what is the matter B. what was the matter
---He said he wondered if ____into C. what the matter is D. what the matter was
space by spaceship one day.
( )19.I’m interested in _____ or not he is
A. he had to fly B. he could fly coming.
C. can he fly D. could he fly A. whether B. if C. when D. why
( ) you know___from Wuhan to Xi’an ? ( )20.I’m sorry that I ____ you were here.
A. how far it is B. how far is it
A. didn’t know B. don’t know
C. how long it is D. how long is it
C. won’t know D. can’t know
( ) you tell me ____?
A. where do you live
B. who you are waiting for
十三、定语从句：
在句中作定语的句
C. who were you waiting for
子，它修饰一个名词或代词，这个被修饰的
D. where you live in
名词、代词叫做先行词。
( )8.—Is the lake there beautiful?
一、引导词（关系词）：位于从句与先行词
-– This photo will show you ____.
之间，起连接作用，同时在从句中充当一定
A. how does it look like
的成分。先行词分两类：1.关系代词who（作
B. what does it look like
主语）, whom（作宾语）, whose（作定语）,
C. how it looks like D. what it looks like
which（作主语、宾语）, that（作主语、宾语）.
( )9. I don’t know ____ bought the present
2.关系副词when, where, why.
for me. Is it Jack?
注意：1.如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语
A. which B. who C. whose D. what
时，引导词可以省略.
( ) you show us ____ a bike ? eg. The trees (that) we have planted grow well.
A. how to mend B. what to buy
2.关系代词作宾语时，可放在介词后。
C. where to go D. how many to buy
但当关系代词是that时，则不能放在介词
( )11.I don’t know ____ Jane was late for
后。eg. This is the house in which Lu Xun once
school this morning. lived
A. who B. what C. whom D. why = This is the house which Lu Xun once lived
( )12.—Do you remember ____ he came? in.
--Yes, I do. He came by car. =This is the house that Lu Xun once lived in
A. that B. if C. how D. when
二、如何选用引导词：一般情况引导词的选
( ) said he ___ a cold for a few days.
用是受先行词决定的——先行词是人时用
A. has caught B. had caught
that , who , whom , whose; 先行词是物时用
C. has had D. had had
that , which; 先行词是时间、地点时用when ,
( )14.I don’t know if he ____ here. If he ____,
where.

eg. 1)The boy who that is standing under
the tree is Jim. 站在树下的那个男孩时Jim.
2)Do you know the girl whose mother is a
driver? 你认识那个妈妈是司机的女孩吗？
3)Have you been to the factory where your
father works? 你去过你爸爸工作的工厂
吗？
但注意区别who that (指人)；which that (指
物)
1.修饰人只用who的情况：
1．定语从句为被动语态时可 简化为过去分词
短语；定语从句为现在进行时可简化为现在
分词短语。
2．定语从句的谓语(be)后是介词短语，可简
化为介词短语作定语。
3．定语从句的谓语动词含情态动词，可简化
为不定式。
eg.1)I bought a book that was written by Lu
Xun.
= I bought a book written by Lu Xun.
( ) is the best film ____has been shown A. when B. where C. that D. on which
this year. ( ). White, ______ car had been stolen,
A. who B. that C. which D. when came to the policeman.
( )y, the thief handed everything ____ A. who B. that C. whose D. which
he had stolen to the police. ( ) got to the village _______ his
A. which B. what C. that D. in where family once lived before liberation.
( ). Li told us the stones and writers A. that B. which C. when D. where
____ interested him ( ) is the house ______ I want to buy.
A. what B. who C. that D. which A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
( ) father still remembers the day ___ he ( ) didn’t tell me the place _______ he
a. 先行词是one , ones , anyone , those 时。
b. there be句型中修饰名词时。
c. 先行词后有一个较长的定语。
eg.1)Anyone who hasn’t handed in his
home- work should stay after school. 没交作
业的任何人放学后都要留下。
2)There is a girl who wants to see you at
the school gate. 校门口有位想见你的女孩。
3)Did you see the man in the park yesterday
afternoon who wore a red shirt? 昨天下午在
公园你见过那个穿红衬衫的人吗？
2.修饰人或物只用that的情况：
a. 先行词为指物的不定代词all , much ,
little, few , everything , something , anything ,
nothing
b.先行词前有最高级、序数词及last , only ,
very , all , no时
c. 先行词既有人，又有物时
d. 主句是who which引导的特殊疑问句，
而先行词又指人或物时。
eg.1)Is there anything that I can do for you?
有让我做的事吗？
2)He is the only one that can help us at the
moment. 他是现在能帮助我们的唯一的人。
3)He talked about the teachers and schools
that he had visited. 他谈论着他拜访过的老
师和参观过的学校。
4)Which is the machine that we used last
Sunday? 我们上周星期天用过的机器是哪
一台？
3.修饰物只用which的情况：
a. 先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时
b. 先行词为that时
eg.1)This is the house in which Lu Xun once
lived . 这就是鲁迅以前住过的房子。
2)What’s that which you are holding in
your arms? 你抱着的那个是什么？
*三、定语从句可简化为短语
2)Tell the children who are playing there not
to do that.
= Tell the children playing there not to do that.
3)The book that is on the table is mine.
= The book on the table is mine.
4) We have nothing that we should fear.
= We have nothing to fear.
练 习
一、用适当的关系代词填空
it the very house ________ you lived in
ten years ago?
woman _____ sits next to the door is my
mother.
3.I’ll never forget the year _____ I joined the
League.
is the house _____ I was born.
house ______ roof is broken has been
repaired.
二、用短语来改写下面的定语从句部分。
man that is talking with Mary is my
brother.
______________________________________
__________________.
is a book which was written by a worker
______________________________________
student who is from Canada speaks
French.
______________________________________
__________.
has a lot of work that she must do.
_____________________________________
三、选择填空
( ) man ____ was a friend of mine.
A. that you just talked to
B. whom you just talked to him
C. who you just talked to him
D. which you just talked to
joined the army.
A. when B. which
C. to which D. from which
( )6.I’ll never forget the summer holidays
____ we spent together.
A. when B. in which C. which D. how
( )7—Does the teacher know everybody
_______ planted the trees?

—Yes, he does.
A. which B. whose C. where D. who
( ) letter _______ I received from him
yesterday is very important.
A. who B. where C. what D. that
( )9.I hate people _______ talk much but do
little.
A. whose B. whom C. which D. who
( )10.—Who is the man _______ was talking
to our English teacher?
—Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher.
A. he B. that C. whom D. which
( )11.I hate the people ________ don’t help
others when they are in trouble.
A. who B. which C. they D. where
( ) Mallory was an English school
teacher _______ loved climbing.
A. who B. whom C. he D. which
( ) is the place _____I have ever
visited.
A. there B. when C. where D. which
( ) knows the reason ______ she
didn’t come to the meeting.
A. that B. which C. why D. when
( ) moon is a world ___there is no life.
A. that B. which C. where D. why
( ) has forgotten the day ___ he arrived.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
( ) still remembers the days ______ he
spent with your family.
was born.
A. that B. which C. when D. where
( ) lived in a small village, ______ was
a long way from the railway station.
A. that B. which C. where D. when
十五、反意疑问句
由“陈述句 + 附加疑问句”两部分构
成。一般有两种形式：
前肯后否或前 否后肯
。
对附加疑问部分应注意以下几点： 1）
主语
只能用人称代词
；2）
附加疑问句的
not
必须
与（
be
助
< br>情）缩写
；3）
附加疑问句的时态
必须与陈述部分的时态一致
。
eg.1)Tom is a work, isn’t Tom?(找错)_______
2)You can swim, can not you?(找错)______
3)He had lunch, doesn’t he?(找错)________
特别注意以下几种反意疑问句
1. 陈述部分含否定意味的词(few, little,
never, nothing, nobody, no, hardly, none)，附
加疑问句应使用肯定形式（但前缀词unhappy,
unlike, disappear等列外）
eg. They are unhappy, aren’t they?
2.陈述部分的主语是everything, something,
nothing, anything时，附加疑问句的主语应
用it；陈述部分的主语是everybody,
somebody, nobody, everyone, no one时，附
加疑问句的主语应用they。
eg.1)Everything is ready, ___________?
2)Everyone is here, ____________?
3.陈述部分是祈使句时，附加疑问句一般用：
will you? 但注意：
Let’s … , shall we?
Let us … , will you?
4.陈述部分含must时，附加疑问句一般用
needn’t.
eg. I must finish my work now, _________?
5.陈述部分是there be结构时，应用there be

结构来完成。
eg. There’s little water, ___________
*6.陈述部分含宾语从句时，疑问部分通常与
主句一致。但当主句的谓语动词是think,
A. hasn’t he B. has he
C. doesn’t he D. does he
( ) is little water in the glass, ___?
A. isn’t there B. isn’t it
hear see sb doing:
听见看见某人在做某事

9.a little = a bit
但注意：1)
a little+
名词
= a bit of +
名词
)
is a little( a bit of ) water in the glass.
2) not a little = very
Ⅱ、 知 识 要 点
believe且主语是I , we时，即：
I We think (believe) + 宾从，则附加问句应
与从句一致。I’m sure + 宾从也是如此
eg.1)She said I did it, ____________?
2)We don’t think you are right, ________?
3)I’m sure you’ll help me, ____________?
*7.I’m… , aren’t I?
eg.I am older than you, __________?
8.陈述部分含had better, 疑问部分应用had
better来回答。
eg. You’d better go out , ___________?
9.陈述部分是感叹句，附加问句的人称代词
应与主语一致。
eg. 1)What a kind girl, __________?
2)What a fine day, ___________?
练 习
( ) had to work for 10 hours yesterday,
_____?
A. didn’t you B. did not you
C. had not you D. did you
( )’t eat too much, ____?
A. will you B. don’t you C. do you D. can you
( ) looks like Lucy, ____?
A. is Lily B. isn’t she
C. does Lily D. doesn’t she
( )4.—You didn’t change your mind, did you
--- ______.
A. No, I didn’t B. Yes, did I
C. No, I did D. Yes, I didn’t
( ) woman hardly let her daughter go to
school, ____ she ?
A. does B. doesn’t C. did D. didn’t
( ) sure to come to the parents’ meeting
on time, ____?
A. will you B. aren’t you
C. can’t you D. mustn’t you
( )’s have a good rest, ____?
A. will we B. do we
C. shalln’t we D. shall we
( ) has never ridden a horse before, ___?
A. does he B. has he
C. hasn’t he D. doesn’t
( ) has supper at school, ___?
C. is it D. is there

十六、简单句的五种句型
1.主语 + 不及物动词（主、谓结构）
eg. He is working.
2.主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语（主、谓、宾结构）
eg. We study English every day.
3.主语+ 连系动词 + 表语（主、系、表结构）
eg. Trees turn green.
常见的连系动词有：be become get turn
feel look(看起来)；smell(闻起来); sound(听
起来)；taste(尝起来)；seem(似乎).
特别注意：形容词常作表语
4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾（人）+ 直宾（物）
=主语+ 及物动词 + 直宾（物）+ to for + 间宾
（人）
常用的此类动词有：give pass show lend
buy. 但buy与for连用
eg.1)I gave him a book.
= I gave a book to him.
2)My mother bought me a pen yesterday.
= My mother bought a pen for me.
5.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补
注意作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁什
么）；2）形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing
形式。
eg.1)We call him Jim.
2)We must keep the window open.
3)He told me to wash the plates.
4)I saw a thief going into your room.
特别注意：
1)动词不定式作宾补
A: ask want tell sb to do sth.
其否定式为：askwanttell sb not to do sth
2)省to不定式作宾补，即：
(l, m, n; 3h; 2看; 1f) sb do sth
l—let, m—make, n—notice; 3h—hear, have ,
help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel.
eg.1)The boss made the workers work 12
hours every day.
2)I often hear him sing.
2)
区别省
to
不定式作宾补与动词
ing
形 式作宾补
.
hear see sb do:
听见看见某人做了某事

1.问职业：
What be +
主语
？= What does do +
主语
+do?
eg. He is a teacher.（提问）
______ _____ he _____?
’s nice talking to you.与你谈话真高兴。
△
3.表方式的短语
1)on foot
2)by + 交通名词单数（无冠词）
= in on a (the; 物主代词；名词所有格)
eg. 1) by bike = on a bike by car = in a car
2) He goes to work by a bike every day.(改
错) _____________
must:
个人主观上认为“必须”（无时态变化）

4. have to :
有外部条件强加的客观上的“不得不”
（存在各种时态）

eg. 1) I _________ stop on the way because of
the rain.
2) I ______ stop because I’m a little tired.
△
5.提建议
Shall we… ? 答 肯定：Good idea OK
Let’s … All right
Why not… ? 语 否定：No, let’s…
肯定：Certainly Yes, please
另外还可回答为 Yes, I think so I’d love to
否定：No,I don’t think so
I’m afraid not.
put on
强调“穿”的动作：穿上，戴上 后接

△
6.. wear
是
put on
之后的结果：穿着 “衣服”
= be in
名词

dress sb: 给某人穿衣
eg. 1)You’d better ____ more clothes when
you go out. It’s cold outside.
A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off
2)The boy can ________ himself now.
A. wear B. dress C. put on D. take off
3) Tom is wearing a red shirt today.
A. is on B. is in C. is putting on
△
7.在具体的某楼前用 on
eg. He lives on the fifteenth floor.
△
do you like… ?
你觉得……怎么样？
= What do you think of … ?
eg. How do you like the new film? = What do
you think of the new film? 你觉得这部新电
影怎么样？
not a bit = not at all
△
10. quite : quite a (an) +
形
+
名

very : a very +
形
+
名

eg. This is a very interesting book.
= This is quite an interesting book.
a hurry: 匆忙地
eg.1)He is in a hurry all day.
2)She went to school in a hurry.
另外：hurry to … = go to … in a hurry
12. marry sb = be married to sb.与某人结婚
get married = be married 已婚；结婚
（但get married是“短命”动词，要指“结
婚多久”应用be married）
eg. 1)She married with a doctor (找错) ______
2)She has got married for ten years (找错)
__________
△
13. leave sth + 地点：把某物忘在某地
forget sth : 忘记某事
eg. 1)He ______ the driver’s license yesterday.
2)I ____ my umbrella in the train just now.
△
14.感叹句
1）What (a, an) + 形 +
名
．
（+主 + 谓）！
(注：但名词为不可数、复数时，则不用
a an)
2）How + 形 副 （ + 主 + 谓）！
eg.1)________ bad weather!
2)______ hard they are working!
3)______ good girl she is!
4)_____ beautiful flowers they are!
“雨大，雪大”heavy---heavily hard
△
15.“风大” strong ---strongly
“太阳大”bright---brightly
注意以上词的形、副区别
eg. 1)There was a __________ rain yesterday.
2)It blew ________ last night.
3)The sun is shining ___________.
4)Look! It’s raining __________.
5)What a ___________ wind!
how long: 多长时间（问时间段）
△
16. how often: 多久一次（问频率）
how soon = when: 何时（问将来时间）
eg.1)--________ does he go home?
-- Once a week.
2)--________ were you away from school
last year? --Less than a week.

3)--________ will he come back?
--In two days.
?
instead:副词（句首、句末）

17.
?
动名代词）
?
insteadof:介词短语（后接名
△< br>?
inhospital:在住院
22.
?

?
in thehopital:在医院
?
inschool:在上学，上课
?
?intheschool:在学校
eg. 1)I didn’t go to the cinema. _____ I went to
?
?
attable:在吃饭
the library yesterday.
类似结构
?

2)We would like to stay at school _______
?
atthetable:在桌旁
连用
1) We must find out a good way to solve the
______.
2) You can answer the _____ in your own
eg.1)Please ____ your exercise book here words.
tomorrow.
borrow: 借进 borrow … from从…借
△
2)Meimei often helps the old man _____ water.
36. lend: 借出 lend sb sth = lend sth to sb
把某物借给某人
?
somewhere:某地（用于肯定 句）
者）
?
bring:带来，拿来（靠近说话
△
?
28.
?
take:带走，拿走（远离说话者）
?
carry:搬，运， 抬（不具方向性）
?
going to the cinema today.
△
句型
so + be(助、情) + 主语：“也如此”
so + 主语 + be(助、情)：“的确如此”
eg.1)I watched TV last night, and so did she.
昨晚我看了电视，她也看了。
2)I watch TV every day, and so does he.
我每天看电视，他也如此。
3)I can swim, so I can.
我会游泳，真的是这样。
注意：表示“也不如此”用neither nor
eg. I didn’t watch TV last night, neither did she
△
19.指路与问路
问路
1)Excuse me. Could you tell me …
how I can get to ….
how to get to …
the way to …
2)Excuse me. Which is the way to…
指路
1)Go down up along this road and…
go还可替换为walk
2)Go down up along to the end.
3)Go on until you reach the end.
4)Take the … turning on the left.
= Turn left at the … turning.
5)Go across the bridge
△
20.
?
?
sick:生病的”（作表语、定语）

?
ill“生病的”（只作表语:）
eg.1)He’s sick ill in hospital.
2)A nurse (A) must take (B) good (C) care
of ill (D) men. （选错） _____________
△
21.
?
?
may..be“也许是”（作谓语）:
?< br>maybe“也许”:?perhaps(作状语）

eg.1)__________ he is a student.
2)He ___________ a student.
?
?
inbed:躺在床上
?
?
atwar:在打仗
?
?
reach?地点
?
23.
到达
?
?
arrive
in?大地点
?
△
?
后接here,there,

?
at?小地点
?
?
home时省介词
?
?
getto?地点
?
?
但当后不接地点时，只能用arrive
eg.1)She ____ Shanghai last night.
A. reached to B. got C. arrived in D. arrived at
2)They ____ there in time at last.
A. reached to B. arrived C. got to D. arrived at
3) I’ll ring you up as soon as he_____(到达).
?
?
alone:1)adj指“形体上的孤单”（只作 表语）
?
24.
?
?
2）adv?byoneself“独自地，单 独地”
?
lonely:adj指“精神上的孤独，寂寞（作表语、
?
?定语）
eg.1)She is _____________ girl.
2)Do you feel ______ when you are _____?
3)The old man live in a house ________.
?
?
geton:上车（train;bus)
25.
?
?
getoff :下车（train;bus)
getinto:上（car;lift)

?
?
?
getoutof:下（car;lift)
26.工作
?
?
job:可数名词

?
work:不可数名词
eg. I have (A) many (B) work to do (C)______
△
27.
?
?
muchtoo?形副：“太??”

?
toomuch?不可数：“太多”
eg.1)He gave us _________ money.
2)She is ___________ young.
?
?
29.
?
?
anywhere:任何地方（否、疑句）
keep: 保存；借（多久）（与时间段连用）
?
everywhere:到处；处处（用于肯定句）
1)Jack ____ me his bike last week.
?
2)You can _____ the book from me, but you
?
?hereandthere
can ____ it for only one week.
eg. –-I looked for my pen___________, but I
couldn’t find it ____________.
△
’s +adj + of for sb to do sth.
---Don’t worry. Sooner or later you’ll find
当形容词用于修饰人时，介词用of. 常见的
it _________.
此类形容词有：kind good clever careful
one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是……
polite right wrong. 其余情况用for.
类似结构：to one’s joy 使某人高兴的是……
1)It’s very clever ____ you to do that.
eg. To our great surprise, she could swim in the
2)It’s hard ____ me to work out the problem.
river. 使我们惊奇的是，他能在河里游泳。
△
38. more:
另外的；额外的（放在数量词之后）

31. agree with : 同意某人（或某人所说的）
another:
再一（另一…）（放在数量词之前）
agree to : 同意某事
1)May I have two _____ apples?
eg. 1)He agree ___ my plan. 2)May I borrow _______ one book?
2)I agree ____ what you said.
used to + 动原: 过去常常做…
on … team:
参加……队；是……的队员
△
39. be used to + 动原: 被用于做…
eg. He is on the city basketball team.
be get used to sth : 习惯于某事
他是市篮球队队员。
1)He used to be late for school.
△
sb+
科目
（
当
sb
是人称代词时应用宾格）
2)The knife is used to cut things.
eg. He teaches our English(改错) __________
3)He is uesd to hard work.
△
100-metre race 100米赛跑 other: 放在被修饰词之前
100-metre作定语，修饰race, 注意metre用
△
40. else: 放在被修饰词之后，一般修饰不
单数。 类似结构： 定代词和疑问词
①a two- thousand-word letter一封两千字的信 1)other students别的学生
②an 18-year-old girl一位18岁的女孩 2)anybody else. 其它任何人
另外有时还可用所有格形式来表达： what else. 别的什么
100-metre race = 100 metres’ race
△
41. so + 形副
two-month holiday = two months’ holiday
such + 形 + 名
但当前面有a an 物主代词；所有格时。则但注意：
只能用复合形容词来表示：
1) so +
形
+a an +
单名
= such a an +
形
+
单名

eg. What did the headmaster say about Jim’s
2)so (many much few little) + 名
______.
3)so… that such … that如此…以致…
A. two months holidayB. Two months’ holiday
① It was ____ bad weather.
C. two-month holiday D. two moth’s holiday
② There are ____ many poor in the country.
m与question ③ ____ few animals eat ____ much grass.
question: 指人们主观上产生而提出等待④ This city is ____ old, you’d better visit it.
回答的问题。常与ask , answer连用 ⑤ It’s ______ important party ____ I can’t
problem: 指客观上存在等待解决的问题
miss it.
着重指“难题”。常与solve , work out have has been to: 曾经去过…

△
42. have has gone to: 已经去了…
have has been in: 已在…(多久)
注意：1)后接地点副词here, there , home时
应省介词
2)与时间段连用只用have has been in
① --Where’s Tom?
--He ______________ Beijing.
② I ______ Beijing several times.
③ She ________ Chengdu for two years.
④ He __________ there twice.
△
43.“短命”动词 “长命”动词
buy—have borrow—keep die—be dead
leave—be away (from); come back—be back;
fall asleep—be asleep open—be open
catch a cold—have a cold; go get out—be out;
arrive (reach get to come to) +地点—be in
+地点；join—be in +集体（或be + 成员）；
turn on—be on; turn off—be off
get a letter from—have a letter from.
end finish—be over get up—be up
1) He has (A) bought (B) the fridge (C) for (D)
two years. _________
2)How long (A) may (B) I borrow (C) the (D)
book? _________
3)The film (A) has begun (B) for five
minutes(C). _________
4)Tom has got (A) the letter (B) from (C) Jim
for two days (D). __________
5)I have (A) caught (B) a cold since two years
ago (C). ____________
6)He has (A) come to (B) Beijing for ten
years(C) ___________
7)My brother (A) has joined (B) the army (C)
for (D) five years. ___________
44. except:
除…以外（不包括除去的部分）
besides:
除了…，还有…（包括除去的部分）
1) We go to school every day except Sunday.
该句意味着：
We go to school from Monday to Saturday.
2)We all went to the park besides Li Lei.
该句意味着：
We went to the park, and Li Lei went, too.

take: It take sb sometime to do sth.
△
45.
spend(timemoney)
onsth
(in)doingsth 主语
pay (money) for sth 是人
buy sth for + money
cost: sth cost sb + money 主语是物
1)I _____ ten yuan on the book.
2)I _____ ten yuan for the book.
3)The book _____ me ten yuan.
4)I _____ the book for ten yuan.
5)It _____ me an hour to do the maths problem
sometime: 某时(与将来时连用)
△
46 sometimes: 有时（一般现在时
some time: 一些时候(表时间段)
some times:几次
eg. 1)He _______ (go) to Beijing sometime
next week.
2)I _______ (be) to Beijing some times.
to do: 表将来
There is to be a sports meeting next Saturday.
△
48.计量：表事物的“长、宽、高、深、远、
厚”用 “long wide ; high tall deep away
thick.
1)Mr Green is nearly two metres ________
2)The ice is about one metre _________.
3)Our classroom is about twelve metres
______and eight metres __________.
△
tion：不可数名词。指人口的多少
用“large big或small”；询问人口的多少用
what.
1)What’s the population of Germany?
德国的人口是多少？
2)China has a large population.中国人口众多
3)The population (A) of (B) Japan is less (C)
than that (D) of India. ____________
另外注意：
表示“有…人口”用have a population of .
Now China has a population of more than one
billion. 现在中国有十亿多人口。

1)房间（可数名词）
2)空间（不可数名词）

eg. make room for: 为…腾出空间
的用法：
1)seem + adj = seem to be + adj
He seems very angry = He seems to be angry.
2)seem to do
It seems to rain tomorrow.明天似乎要下雨。
3)It seems + that从句
It seems that you are right.你似乎是对的。

?虚拟语气（即过去时）
?todo

1)He talked as if he knew all about it.
（真相等）
他说话的口气好象已经全知道了此事。
They are ___________ their lost horse.
2)He opened his mouth as if to say something. A. finding B. looking for C. finding out
他开口似乎要说什么。
△
60. hope: (可能实现的)愿望
?
beat:1)beatsb（比赛中）打败某人
wish: (难以实现的)愿望
另外注意：1)wish to do sth = hope to do sth
?
52.
?
?
2)beat?一个集体（te am;class)
2)wish sb to do sth ( )
?
?
win:后接“比赛、奖品等”
hope sb to do sth( ╳ )
( )I _____ you to come to school earlier next
1)We ____ them 5 to 3. time. A. wish B. hope C. wants
2)In the end we _____ the match.
①enough：
放在形、副之后
. good enough
interested;excited;surprised
主语是人。指某
△
61. ②
修饰不定代词
(something, anything,
△
53
.人对…感兴趣感到兴奋感到惊奇（只作表语）
nothing)
的词应后置
。
interesting;excited;surprising
主语是物。指
③else
修饰不定代词和疑问词应后置
）
某物有趣令人兴奋使人惊奇（可作定、表语）
1)I have something important to tell you.
1)It’s an ________football game. 2)He didn’t run fast enough to catch up with
2)I’m ________ in music.
Tom.
1)作情态动词，用于否、疑句
had better +
动原 否定
had better not +
动原

△
2)
作实义动词
need to do
(表主动)
△
62 Will Would you please +动原？
need doing(
表被动)
Will Would you please not + 动原？
1)You needn’t go home now.
Will you please not talk in class?
2)The bike needs mending.
△
63. What’s the weather like …? …的天气
3)I need to go home now.
= How’s the weather … ? 怎么样？
△
55. alive:
活着的；在世的（常作后置定语）
△
64. find +宾 +形：觉得…怎么样
living:
活着的；没死的（常作前置定语）

find it +形 +to do: 觉得做…怎么样
1)Both plants and animals are _______ thing.
类似用法还有make , think等
2)No one ______ will believe it.
1)I find the question ___________(容易).
△
56.否定前移的动词：think , believe , expect ,
2)I think it important to learn Englis.
suppose.
△
65. a number of +
复名：许多，一些(作主为复)

1)I didn’t expect their team would win.
the number of:
…的数目号码(作主为三单)
我希望他们的对不会赢。
The number of the students in our class is 50.
2)I don’t think he will come tomorrow.
too: 句末 用于肯定句
我认为明天他不会来。
△
66. also: 句中 “也”
look at: （有意识地）看… either: 否定句末“也不”
△
57. see: （look at之后的结果）看见
1)I don’t like reading, she doesn’t , ______.
read: 看（书、报等）
2)Tom is fourteen. Jim is _____fourteen.
watch: 看（电视、比赛等）
△
67. already , just : 肯助后
另外注意：1)see a film看电影 yet: 否、疑末
2)see a doctor看医生
1)I have already had lunch.
1)I often ______ newspaper after suppe.
2)I haven’t had lunch yet.
2)He _____ the picture, and ____ some trees in
68. live: (长时间的)居住
it.
stay: (短时间的)居住
△
58. listen to :（有意识地）听…
eg. He lives in Changsha, but he’s going to stay
hear: （listen to之后的结果）听见
in Shanghai for a few days.
He was very sorry to ________ the bad news.
look for:（强调“找”的动作）寻找

△
59. find: （look for之后的结果）找到

find out: (经过努力、周折)查出，找出

Ⅲ、替换练习
解题指导：
该类题常常以以下几种情况进行考察：
1．描述释义，也叫概念释义，即用一
种情况来对某词进行解释。
eg. huge= very big glass= cup made of glass
agree = say yes have the same idea
2．同义词释义。指用意义相同或相近的
词进行替换。
eg. nearly = almost perhaps = maybe
difficult = hard fast = quickly
3．否定释义。即对某些词用相反的意思
进行解释。
eg. cheap = no expensive thick = not thin
dirty = not clean low = not high tall
4．常识释义。即词义本身属于一种生活
常识。
eg. century = 100 years
August = the eighth month
summer = the season between spring and
autumn
London = the capital of England

常见的词语解释
almost nearly a little a bit
around all over be like look like
bright clever begin start
beside next to be in be at home
be quick hurry up be out be away
come from be from fail not pass
cross go across hard difficult
last go on hurry walk quickly
hardly almost not hurry up go quickly
expensive dear look out be careful
must have to on about
over more than wear be in
why what … for stop give up
thanks to because of join take part in
as soon as possible as soon as sb can
be weak in be not at good at
catch up with not fall behind
have a good time enjoy oneself
a lot of lots of many much
at last in the end finally
at the moment now
hold on wait a moment
just now a moment ago
leave go away (from)
reach arrive in at get to
prefer … to… like … better than …
spend … on pay … for
take a look have a look
walk on go on walking
go to sleep get to sleep fall asleep
walk to … go to … on foot
take a bus catch a bus
look after take (good) care of
hear from receive get a letter from
be filled with be full of
fly to… go to … by air
return 1)come back 2) give back
teach oneself learn … by oneself
at once right now(现在) right away(立刻)

练 习
选出与划线部分意思相同或相近的一项
( ) Ying is like her twin sister.
A. likes B. loves C. looks like
( )2. You must drink a lot of water every day.
A. many B. much C. a little
( ) of the teachers in our school are
from South China.
A. lived in B. get back from C. come from
( ) took care of her grandpa when she
was free. A. looked after
B. looked for C. gave medicine to
( ) you sure he is able to do the work by
himself.
A. must B. has to C. can
( ), I’m hungry. Can I have some
cakes?
A. drink B. eat C. play
( ), please come and sit by the teacher.
A. before B. near C. past
( ) is coming. The weather will
become hotter and hotter.
A. catch B. get C. feel
( ) me, can you tell me the way to
the shop?
A. answer B. show C. give
( ) didn’t bring the book here. He had
to go home to get it.
A. could B. may C. must
( ), James. Nice to see you.
A. catch B. meet C. watch
( )12.I don’t understand his words.
A. what he told B. what he said
C. that he talked
( ) came here by air.
A. by bike B. by plane C. by bus
( )14. Glad to see you again.
A. Sorry B. Nice C. Bad
( ) I use your bike? Mine is not here.
A. lend B. borrow C. get
( ) you going to swim this afternoon.
A. has a swim B. have a swim C. swimming
( )17.I’m not free tonight.
A. hungry B. late C. busy
( )’t worry. I’ll be back in a minute.
A. very soon B. fast C. quick
( ) follows spring.
A. comes before B. comes after C. is under
( )20.I’ll get a new dictionary soon.
A. take B. sell C. buy
( ) did the students get to the factory
yesterday?
A. came B. arrived C. reach
( ) were quite pleased to see each
other again.
A. please B. good C. glad
( ) meeting will be held at a quarter to
eight.
A. 8:15 B. 7:45 C. 7:15
( ) students had a good time in the
winter holiday.
A. enjoyed themselves B. enjoyed them
C. had no time
( ) shirt is very nice. I’ll take it.
A. try B. buy C. sell
( ) is the weather today?
A. What’s the weather like B. What was it like
C. What’s the weather looks like
( ). Li will take me to the park if he is
free next Sunday.
A. will be free. B. has time C. had time
( ) prefers apples to oranges.
A. likes than other B. likes better than
C. doesn’t like so much
( ) doesn’t have to worry about he
illness.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t
( )30. He had to attend the party by himself.
A. alone B. only he C. lonely
( ) said nothing at that time.
A. make noise B. kept silent C. took his seat
( ) were still quite a few people in
the street that evening.
A. not many B. many C. much
( )’ll held a class meeting tomorrow.
A. have B. give C. put
( ) girl was so weak that she didn’t
catch up with others.
A. fell behind B. tried to hold C. ran after
( )35. He prefers apples to oranges.
A. likes; than other B. likes as much as
C. likes better than
( ) building has been there for a
century.
A. a short time B. a long time
C. a hundred years.
( ) Smith flew to London yesterday.
A. went to London by train
B. went to London by bus
C. went to London by plane
( ) is weak in Chinese because he
missed so many lessons.
A. likes B. does well in C. is not good at
( ) hasn’t heard from his parents for
a long time.
A. listened to B. write a letter to
C. received any letters from
( ) wanted to know when we would
have an English test.
A. wanted to see B. got to know
C. wondered
( ) body says he is a bright boy.
A. brave B. clever C. tall
( ) is wearing a red dress today.
A. on B. in C. putting on
( ) my brother and I like the picture
very much.
A. He B. We C. I
( )44. The doctor asked him to give up
smoking.
A. give in B. stop C. go on
( ) Lei got up early last Sunday and Jim
got up early, too.
A. so was Jim B. so did Jim C. Jim did so

根据汉语完成句子方法指导
根据汉语完成句子特别注意以下内容：
1.宾语从句中的否定前移。
2.宾从的时态、语序以及疑问词+to do
3.被动语态（① 省to不定式还原；② 动词
短语中的介词不能遗漏）
4.状语从句中的一般现在时
the library book.
12.老师问我做这道数学题花了多少时间。
The teacher asked me how long ___ ____ me
___ ___ the maths problem.
13.昨天我把钥匙忘在了办公室。
I ____ my key ___ ___ _____ yesterday.
14.他不知道下一步怎么办。
He doesn’t know ____ ___ ___ next.
15.格林在访问中国。
Zhang ______ _______ my home.
29.这是今天唯一不能忘记的一件事情。
This is the _______ thing ______ I ______
_______ today.
30.你能告诉我他看起来象谁吗？
Could you tell me _____ _______ _______
________?
31.你看明天有可能完成真项工作？
Do you think ______ possible ______
2)区别可数、不可数。若是可数名词则应
注意该单 数还是复数（且注意复数的变
化形式是否正确。
3)形、副区别：①判定该形还是副。②注
意形、副的比较等级（且注意变化形式）。
4)代词：①区别主格、宾格。②区别形容
词性物主代词与名词性物主代词。③区
别this that、these those、one ones、
it them。④不定代词（区别二者与三者；
5.完成时（长、短命动词的区别）
’s + adj + for of sb to do sth
think make it + adj + to do .
8.动词不定式（作定语的不定式要求是及物
动词或及物动词短语）
9.被动语态的一般现在时、一般过去时、现
在完成时、一般将来时、现在进行时。
10.尽可能考虑短语的固定用法
练 习
1.我觉得用英语回答这个问题很容易。
I found ___ very ____ ___ _____ the question
in English.
2.学好英语对我们来说是很重要的。
___ very important ___ ___ ___ study
English well.
3.在旧社会，他们被迫日夜不停地工作。
They ____ ____ ___ ____ day and night
in the old days.
4.这个小孩没有球玩，所以他不高兴。
The child has no ball ___ ____ ____ , so he
is ________.
5.这间屋子对我们来说太小了而不能住。
The room is too small ___ us ___ ____ ___
6.我花了一个半小时的时间来完成家庭作业
___ ____ me one and a half ______ ___
finish my homework.
7.在中国老人受到很好的照顾。
Old people____ _____good ____ ___in China.
8.
当我们到达电影院时，电影已经开始半小时了。
The film ____ ____ ___ for half an hour
when I ______ the cimema.
9.直到公共汽车停下来才能开门。
____ ____ the door ____ the bus _____.
10.我认为明天他不会开会。
I ____ ____ he ____ ____ a meeting
tomorrow.
11.汤姆不知道怎么处理这本图书馆藏书。
Tom doesn’t know ____ ___ ____ _____
Mr. Green is ___ ___ _____ ___ China.
16.这幢楼房已建成十年了。
The building ____ _____ ____ for 10 years
17.我不知道明天是否去北京。
I don’t know _____ ___ ____ to Beijing
tomorrow.
18.他父亲死了五年了。
____ 5 years _____ his father _____.
19.今天，在美国仍有许多树在继续被砍伐
Today, too many trees ____ still ____ ____
down in the USA.
20.许多好地和森林一起消失了，留下来的只
有沙漠。
A lot of good land ____ ____ _____ the
forests, ________ only sand.
21.无论看起来多难的问题，他都能找到答案
___ _____ ____ difficult something
seemed, he _____ find the answer.
22.既然很多人在生活中都会犯错误，格林先
生决定再给吉姆一次机会。
_____ a lot of people make mistakes __ ____,
Mr. Green decided to give Jim another ____.
23.三个国家中Australia的人口最少。
Australia ____ ___ _____ people ___ the
three countries.
24.多亏了太空卫星，世界变小了。
_____ ___ space satellites, the world ___
_____ a much small place.
25.人们每年都在山上种植各种各样的树。
______ _______ of trees ______ _______
on the hills every year.
26.王力跑得如此快，以致于我们都赶不上他
Wang Li ran _____ fast ______ we couldn’t
______ ______ with him.
27.这个问题太难了，我回答不了。
This question was _____ ______ that I
couldn’t ______ _____.
28.张老师来我家时，我正在做家务活。
I ____ _________ my housework when Mr.
_______ this ________ tomorrow?
32.姚明是世界上最高的篮球运动员之一。
Yao Ming is one of the ________ basketball
________ in the world.
33.嘲笑残疾人是不礼貌的。
It is not ________ to laugh ______ the
disabled people.
34.没有空气和水，我们不能生存。
We _________ live ________ air or water.
35.祝你学习英语顺利。
Good ______ _______ your English.
36.他把大部分的时间花在读小说上。
_____ ____ his time ___ ______ in reading
stories.
37.我们跟着老师走进了会议室。
We ______ our teacher _____ ______
_____ the meeting-room.
38.步行到我家大约有20分钟的路程。
My house____about _____ ______ ____ foot.
39.李磊没时间仔细考虑这道题。
______ no time ____ Li Lei ____ _____
about this problem carefully.
短文改错题方法指导
做短文改错题应注意以下几个步骤：
一、首先通读短文，初步理解短文大意，同
时改 正一些较容易的错误。短文中的一些句
子就其本身来看，无法确定划线部分错在何
处，只有通读 全文，了解句子与句子之间的
关系，特别是划线部分与上下文的关系，才
能找出正确答案。如： “When his mother was
out, the telephone rang and Jimmy answered
them.”一句中，只有读懂句中划线部分指上
文 中的telephone，才能写出正确答案it。
二、在通读短文的基础上，一句一句地仔细
阅读短文。
（一）从语法分析入手
1)冠词a; an; the或省冠词（如不可数名词）
单数还是复数；肯定还是否定）
5)动词：① 时态、语态（主谓一致、动词
各种变化形式是否正确）及非谓语形式
——不定式和动名词。② 动词短语的固
定形式（如listen to与listen）。③ 区别
近义词（如hear与listen to）。
6)数词：判定该基数词还是序数词（以及
序数词的变化形式）。
7)介词：正确区别、运用介词。
8)连词：正确区别、运用连词。
（二）从句子结构判定所用词是否恰当（重
点从句子成分的角度着手，该用何词性）。
（三）注意固定搭配（如the way to …）。
三、用改正后的答案代替相应的划线 部分，
从头到尾反复阅读短文，验证改正的答案是
否正确。
下列短文的划线部分可能有误，正确的划
“√”，错误的请改正。
( A )
Mr. and Mrs. Green had a son. They called
him James and loved him very much. But there
was anything (1) wrong with the child. He did
everything slow (2) and could not take care of
him (3). His parents did not know what was (4)
wrong. So one day they took him to a doctor.
The doctor looked up (5) James carefully and
found the boy couldn’t see anything. So (6) the
doctor said he can (7) do nothing to help the
boy.
A few years later, Mr. and Mrs. Green
listened (8) there was a good doctor in a town
not far away. So they took the boy to visit him.
The doctor did a small operation with (9)
James. After the operation James could see.
What (10) happy everyone was.
1._________ 2._________ 3._________
4._________ 5._________ 6._________
7._________ 8._________ 9._________

10._________
( B )
An eleven- year-old boy in a small town
wanted being (1) a train driver. But the boy
was born without arms. His father taught him
to use his feet for (2) “hands”. He couldn’t go
to school, so (3) he spent all his time watch (4)
trains coming and going because he lived near
the station. What (5) he wanted to be a train
were children. If we can learn a second
language in the same way, it will (4) seem so
difficult. Think of what a small child does. He
listens to what people speak (5) and try (6) to
imitate (模仿)what he hears. When he wants
something, he asks for it. In this way, he using
(7) the language. He thinks and speaks with (8)
the new language all the time. After (9) people
use a second language like this, they will learn
it quickly (10) than before.
the top of the sea. Other (8) live deep down.
There are either (9) a lot of small living things.
Lots of fish live by (10) eating them.
1._________ 2._________ 3._________
4._________ 5._________ 6._________
7._________ 8._________ 9._________
10._________
10._________
(I)
The animals are use (1) to the desert people
in many ways (2). They eat the meat, drink the
milk of the animals. They use camels (骆驼)
to(3) carrying water, food, tents(帐篷)and
other(4)things. The people of the desert have
to keep move(5)from place to place. They
must always watch (6) for grass or desert
(G)
One day when Jack was walked (1)in the
driver!
One day he saw an empty train and climb (6)
in. It was not difficult for him to start it with
his feet. Soon the train was traveling in (7)
forty miles an hour, and the workers there
could do something (8) to stop it. When he
drove back to the town and stopped at the
station, a worker got on it. At last (9) he was
very angry, but he laughed when the boy said,
“I liked (10) trains.” “Well , I’m glad you don’t
like planes!”
1._________ 2._________ 3._________
4._________ 5._________ 6._________
7._________ 8._________ 9._________
10._________
( C )
While Bill was cleaning (1) the classroom
after school last Monday, his classmate, Lily,
closed the door or (2) locked it, because she
thought there was somebody (3) in the class-
room. Bill couldn’t get out and have (4) to stay
in the classroom. Three hours ago (5), the
teacher came and opened the door. She
surprised (6) to see him there. On (7) that time
Bill was much (8)cold and hungry.
Now when Bill stays late in the classroom,
he takes (9) a note on the door, “I’m yet (10) in
the room. Don’t lock the door.”
1._________ 2._________ 3._________
4._________ 5._________ 6._________
7._________ 8._________ 9._________
10._________
( D )
Which is the better (1) way to learn a
foreign language? We all remember that we
learn (2)our own language well (3) when we
1._________ 2._________ 3._________
4._________ 5._________ 6._________
7._________ 8._________ 9._________
10._________
( E )
There is a library in our school. It is large
and there is (1) many books in it. Anyone may
borrow books to (2) it and it cost (3) nothing to
borrow them. Usually you may borrow as
many of (4) four books at a time. Books maybe
(5) kept for two weeks. New story-books are
always popular and some books, for example,
books for (6) history, science , cooking are also
well-liked. So some times (7) when you go to
the library to borrow a book, it may be out.
What can you do? You can ask the librarian
call (8) it back. The librarian will let you know
when the book has been returned and will be (9)
ready for you. You have to take care of the
books. If you lose the book, you will be in
trouble, and have to pay it (10).
1._________ 2._________ 3._________
4._________ 5._________ 6._________
7._________ 8._________ 9._________
10._________
( F )
The sea is very big. It covers three quarters
of the earth, The sea is also very deep in some
place (1). There is one place and at that place
the sea are (2) about 11 kilometres deep. The
higher (3) mountain in the world is about 9
kilometres high. When (4) that mountain put (5)
into the sea at that place, there would still be
two (6) kilometers above it.
In some parts of the sea, there are many
kinds of fishes and plants. Some lives (7) near
park, he saw a woman sat (2) in a chair with a plants for their animals. When there is not(7)
dog beside hers (3). The dog was looking more food for their animals, they move to
down (4) at the woman. another place. The desert people is (8) friendly.
Jack walked up to the woman and said (5), They would never refuse to help (9) people in
“Hello, Sue, what (6) are you? May I sit and
trouble, but(10) they would give them food
say (7)with you for a while?” and water.
“Of course, please sit (8) down,” Sue said. 1._________ 2._________ 3._________
Jack sat down next to Sue in the chair but (9) 4._________ 5._________ 6._________
they talked quiet (10)together. 7._________ 8._________ 9._________
1._________ 2._________ 3._________ 10._________
4._________ 5._________ 6._________
7._________ 8._________ 9._________
( H )
10._________ We know that the last (1) part of the 20th
(H)
century saw more large (2) inventions: the
helicopter in 1990, movies by (3) sound in
When Peter was a boy, he likes (1) watches 1926, the computer in 1928 and the jet plane in
and clocks very much. When he was eighteen 1930. The middle part of the 20th century
years old, he began to teach him (2) to mend bring (4) new ways to help people get over
watches. A lot of his friends brought him disease (5). They made people healthier and
broken watches, and he mended it (3) when he live long (6). By this time most people had a
was free. very well (7) life. Of course new inventions
One day, a policeman heared (4) about this continued to be made. The world is (8) known
and brought him a watch and said, “My watch to man and (9) the universe was not. Many
has stopped. Can you mend it to (5)me, countries began looking (10) for ways to go
please?” into space. Russian made the first step.
Peter said, “Yes, sir. I can.” After a few days 1._________ 2._________ 3._________
(6), he brought the watch back to the 4._________ 5._________ 6._________
policeman. 7._________ 8._________ 9._________
“How many (7) do I give you?” the 10._________
policeman asked.
“Two dollars, sir,” Peter answered. Then he
took (8) a small box out of his pocket and gave
it for (9)the policeman. “Here are three wheels
from your watch. I didn’t find a place for them
交际用语
when I put anything (10) back.
A)选择填空
1._________ 2._________ 3._________ ( )1 “Happy New Year to you, Mary!” “___”
4._________ 5._________ 6._________ A. Thanks for your help B. The same to you
7._________ 8._________ 9._________ C. You are so kind

( )2. “Let’s go to the zoo, shall we?” “_____”
A. All right B. You are welcome
C. Yes, we shall
( )3. “Will you please come to my birthday
party this Saturday?” “_______”
A. Yes, I do B. No, I don’t C. Yes, I’d love to
( )4. “Could I have your name, please?”
“_____” A. You’re polite
B. Call me John C. It’s kind of you
( )5. “Excuse me, may I ask you a question?”
A. Thank you B. That’s OK
C. Happy Birthday to you, too
( )18. “What’s the matter with you?”
“_____” A. No matters
B. What matter C. Nothing serious
( )19. “Shall I close the window?” “_____”
A. No, please don’t B. Not at all
C. Don’t do that now
( )20. “What’s the weather like today?”
“ ____” A. It will be fine
B: I’d like a _____ of shoes.
A: What size do you wear?
B: Twenty four cm.
A: What ______ do you like?
B: I like brown very much.
A: What _____ the one on the right?
B: It ____ very nice. May I ____ them ____?
A: Of course. Here you _____.
B: They fit me quite well. How ____ are they?
A: One hundred and twenty yuan.
A: OK… Here you are.
( D )
A: Hello, 88890921.
B: Hello! Could I _______ to Ann, please?
A: I’m _____ not. She isn’t here at the moment.
Can you _______ a message?
B: OK. This is Bill here. Is _____ Mrs Green?
A: Yes, this is Ann’s mother.
B: Thank you very much _____ asking me to
Ann’s birthday party on Sunday. I’m very sorry,
“______” A. Not at all
B. Yes, of course C. You ask
( )6. “How beautifully you write!” “______”
A. Not at all B. Thank you C. Don’t say so
( )7. “I’m going to the south for a few days.”
“_____” A. Yes, I am
B. Have a good time C. I like it
( )8. “Could I speak to the headmaster?”
“_____, please.” A. Hold on for a moment
B. Speak loudly C. What’s wrong
( )9. “Would you like to have another cup of
tea?” “______”
A. Yes, I do B. Not at all C. No, thanks
( )10. “Do you think I can borrow your
eraser?” “ _____” A. Yes, help yourself
B. Yes, I think so C. No, I don’t think so
( )11. “I’m afraid I have to leave a little
earlier. My mother is ill in bed.” “____. I
hope she will be better soon.”
A. It’s nothing B. Nothing serious
C. I’m sorry to hear that
( )12. “Don’t forget to come to our school
tomorrow.” “______”
A. I don’t B. I can’t C. I won’t
( )13. “Thank you for having us. We had a
very good time today.” “____. Bye.”
A. No, thank you B. It was my pleasure
C. You shouldn’t say that
( )14. “Hello! Could I speak to Miss Green?”
“______”
A. Speaking are you C.I’m Miss Green
( )15. “I’m sorry to trouble you, Miss Gao.”
“______” A. It’s very kind of you
B. The same to you C. It doesn’t matter
( )16. “Don’t throw paper on the ground.”
“ ____”
A. I’m sorry B. Thank you C. You’re welcome
( )17. “Happy Birthday to you.” “______”
B. It’s rather cold C. It’s nine for a walk
( )21. “You have done a good job.” “____”
A. No, I don’t do well enough
B. You are welcome
C. It’s very kind of you
( )22. “I’m sorry, could you repeat it?”
“____” A. Yes, you are welcome
B. Certainly C. That’s nothing
( )23. “How is your father?” “_____”
A. I’m fine B. He is good
C. He’s feeling bad
( )24.未听清别人的话，要求对方重复时说
_____. A. I’m happy B. I’m sorry C. Pardon
( )25. “Nice weather today, isn’t it?” “____”
A. Beautiful, isn’t it B. No, it isn’t
C. I think it’s too sunny
( )26. “What did you do last night? Why did
you not go to see the film?” “____. The film
is really worth seeing.”
A. I’m sorry to hear it B. What a pity
C. I’m sorry about it
( ) you see ____ on the way to a
forest, you should drive carefully.
A. DANGER B. STOP C. CLOSED
( ) you see a picture with ____ in an
art museum, you mustn’t photo it.
A. NO PARKING B. NO PHOTOS
C. NO SMOKING
( )29. “Would you like some tea?” “____”
A. Thank you for asking me
B. If you please C. Thanks, that would fine
( )30. “How is it today?” “____”
A. It’s rain B. It’s too much rain C. It’s fine
( )31. “What day is it today?” “_____”
A. It’s sunny B. It’s Sunday C. It’s May 12th
B）补全对话，每空一词
( A )
A: What can I do ____ you?
B: All right. I’ll _____ this pair. _____ I can’t come.
( B )
A: Oh, I’m sorry to _______ that.
A: Sorry, I don’t know. You’d better ____ the
B: We are ____ to be in Shanghai that day. I
policeman over there. hope you will have a good ______.
B: Thank you all the same.
A: Thank you. I’ll give her the _______.
A: Excuse me. ____ is the way to the People’s B: Thank you. Bye-bye.
Hospital.
C: Go down this street, turn right and walk on
____ you reach the first ____. Then turn
right _____ and you’ll see that hospital in ____
动 词 填 空
of you.
用所给动词或动词短语的适当形式填
A : How far is it _____ here.
空，其中有两个多余选项。
B: It’s about 2 kilometres.
A: My son is badly ill. He can’t walk any
( A )
longer. ____ can we get there:?
think; lose borrow; lend find ; leave for
B: You can go there ____ bus. Oh, sorry. It’s
find out buy read return put worry
very late and there is no bus now. You’d better
My grandma is already eighty years old. She
______ a taxi.
used to be a history teacher. Her hobby is
A: I see, Thank you very much.
(1)________. She likes reading on many
B: You are welcome.
different subjects. She often borrows books
( C )
from the school library. She (2)___________ a
A: Good morning! ____ I help you?
lot of books, too. She often says, “I love books.
B: I’d like a sweater ___ my daughter.
Books are my best friends. They give me
A: Certainly. The woolen sweaters are hanging
knowledge and make me happy.”
_____ and the cotton ______ are hanging there.
Grandma likes to borrow books from the
_____would you like?
library and reads outside in the schoolyard.
B: I’ll have a _____ at the woolen ones. Thank
Sometimes she reads a few lines, puts down
you.
the book, walks a few steps and (3)________
A: No hurry! Please take your time.
for a while and then walks away with the book.
B: I can’t decide which sweater to _____!
But last week Grandma forgot to take the book
A: Let me help! Do you like this one?
when she (4) _______ home. She was worried
B: No, this one is too large.
and asked her friends, “Have you seen a
A: What about this one?
history book? I think I (5) __________ it.” The
B: No, I _____ like the colour.
next day she went to the librarian and said to
A: What ______ do you want?
her, “I’m very sorry. I borrowed a history book
B: Green. Look! That one , over there.
from the library last week. But I can’t find it. I
A: Yes, it’s green. What ______ do you want?
think I’ve lost it.”
B: A middle-sized one.
“Don’t worry. You (6) _________ it,” said

the librarian.
Several days later Grandma came to the
library (7) _____________ some more books.
The librarian asked her, “Have you found the
book?” “Not yet. I’ve looked for it everywhere,
but I still can’t find it.
“Don’t worry. Someone will probably find it
and return it sooner or later.” A few days later,
the book was still missing. What was worse,
Grandma lost more books. She (8) _________
ever picked up some rubbish and thrown it into
a dustbin? Have I ever collected waste paper or
bottles for (9) ? Have I ever planted
any trees or flowers in or near my
neighborhood?” If your answers are “Yes”, it
means that you have already done something
useful to improve the environment.
If everyone makes a contribution to
(10)____ the environment, the world will
become much more beautiful.
（4）
dive allow see call explore help
invite be invent cover look save
Not too long ago, people couldn’t go scuba
diving on Hainan Island, or anywhere else.
This was because there was no machine
(1)__________ a person to breathe under water
for a long time. In 1943 Jacques Cousteau and
his friends made it possible by (2)__________
(1)_________ Christmas songs. They do this
for fun and (2) __________ the spirit of
Christmas to the people in each house. Then on
Christmas Eve—the night before Christmas
Day—children put stocking at the end of their
beds before they go to sleep. Their parents
usually tell them that Father Christmas
(3)_________ during the night. Some people
even put up stocking for their pets as well.
Father Christmas is a very kind-hearted man.
and so was the librarian. “I’m afraid I’ll have
to pay for the lost books,” said Grandma sadly.
One day the librarian came up with an idea.
She asked Grandma (9) _________a bookmark
in each of the borrowed books with the words:
“If you find this book, please return it to the
school library. …” Grandma thought it was a
wonderful idea. Now her lost books are usually
(10) __________ to the library.
( B )
recycle; collect go take care of
come; protect; throw help draw;
make keep; happen
One day I was visiting one of my friends in
a big town. Suddenly a piece of beautiful
music(1) to my ears. My friend’s father
quickly picked up some rubbish and went
outside. I asked my friend, “What
(2) ?” My friend said that there was a
truck (3) rubbish outside.
“Whenever someone (4) in some
rubbish, it produces a piece of music. As soon
as other people hear it, they go out with their
rubbish and throw it in.”
“It’s a pleasant way (5) keep our
city clean,” said my friend.
(6) our environment is very
important. Wherever you live, you can do
something around your neighborhood.
Have you ever thrown any litter onto the
ground? Have you ever(7) pictures on
public walls? Have you ever spat in a public
place? Have you ever cut down trees? If your
answers are “No”, it means that you have
already helped protect our environment.
It is our duty(8) our environment
clean and tidy. You might ask yourself, “Have I
( C )
take sleep walk give sell get
rush; travel; watch be; offer; look
Jim Green (1)_______ in China for more
than two years. He has been to many
interesting places in Beijing, but he has not yet
been to many other parts of China. Last week
he went to Mount Emei in Sichuan Province
with his family.
Many people like to travel by air, but Jim’s
family think that (2)________ by train is the
best. It is much cheaper and far more enjoyable
than a (3) _______ trip by air. They had a
wonderful train ride to Chengdu before they
went on to Mount Emei by bus.
Early one morning, they (4)_______ a taxi
to Beijing West Railway Station. The station
was very lively. There were bookshops, food
shops and stores (5)___________ all kinds of
things. Mrs Green bought some fruit, food and
bottles of water to take on the train. She said
that it was better (6)______ some food before
they got on the train because food on the train
was usually too expensive.
The train was quite comfortable, and there
weren’t too many people in their (7)________
car. The Greens could stand up and (8)_______
around. It was a long journey, but none of them
felt tired. They kept (9)__________ the
beautiful scenery out of the window. They
talked, laughed and played cards. The
conductor kept coming (10)__________ them
hot water and selling them magazines. People
nearby talked with each other. A young man
practiced speaking English with Mr. Green.
Jim thought the train was like a big moving
pary.
the scuba machine. Cousteau was very
interested in (3) _________ deep into the sea ,
and wanted (4)___________an explorer. He
bought a ship and used it (5)___________
under the sea.
Cousteau also liked to make videos. As he
explored the sea, he took pictures and videos
of many things that people
(6)_____never_______before. He even made a
TV show which ran for eight years. It
(7)__________ The Undersea World of
Jacques Cousteau. It was very popular and let
many people see what life was like under the
sea.
As a boy, Cousteau loved the coral reefs in
the sea by his home. He was amazed at all the
colours, and all the beautiful fish. However,
when he returned some years later, the
colourful coral reefs were dead and grey. He
decided to tell people how important it was
(8)________ the environment under the sea.
He started the Cousteau Society (9)_______
protect life in the sea. Now there are over
30,000 members all over the world. Since
water (10)__________ most of the earth,
Cousteau knew we should keep the seas clean.
We should not litter the seas, and should clean
up the dirty parts. As water is very important to
our environment, he encouraged everyone to
take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas
and colours.

( 5 )
open base come bring go do
land ; take fall sing name call
During the Christmas season friends get
together and go from house to house
He (4)_______ on top of each house all over
the world and climbs down the chimney. He
then fills the stocking with Christmas presents.
But who is Father Christmas? Can a man really
climb down the chimney of every house in the
world in a single night? Of course not.
Father Christmas (5)_________ on a real
person in history. In Turkey, there once was a
man (6)_______ Saint Nicholas. He was a very
shy person. He wanted to give money to the
poor. But he did not want them to know that
the money came from him. He didn’t know
what (7)_____. It is said that one day he
climbed to the top of a house and dropped
some money down a chimney. It (8)______
into a stocking that a little girl had hung by the
fireplace to dry! Even though Father Christmas
is no longer living, his spirit of generosity lives
on today.
Christmas Day always begins before
breakfast. Children wake up very early, and
can’t to open the presents in their stockings
and under the tree. They wake up the other
family members, (9)________, “Merry
Christmas!” After all the presents (10)______,
the family will usually have a delicious
breakfast. They spend the day playing with the
new toys and visiting their relatives and friends.
They greet each other with a hug and say,
“Merry Christmas!”
( 6 )
come warn say eat change swim
speak seen ; feed attack be attract
Sharks (1)_______ around for a very long
time. It (2)_______ they have been on earth for
thousands of years, and (3)__________ very
little. A shark is a fish, but is has many

differences from a fish. For one thing, if a
shark stops (4)_________, it will sink.
Not all sharks are alike. There are between
200 and 250 kinds of sharks. They (5)_______
in different sizes. The largest can be as long as
15 metres. It eats plants from the sea, but many
sharks (6) ______ on fish, other sea animals,
smaller sharks and sometimes they eat people.
It(7)_______ that one of the most dangerous
sharks is the Great White Shark. They
we can’t see any dinosaurs today. That’s a
pity!” said Lin Tao.
“Yes. Dinosaurs lived on the earth for more
than 150 million years, and then
(6)_________about 65 million years ago.
Scientists try (7) their disappearance,
but they’ve got more questions than answers,”
said Miss Li. “And now there is a very special
dinosaur on display. It was discovered in
Liaoning Province. I say it is special because
the south. It (6) already a lot of
land. But more “Great Green
Walls”(7)_____still , and not only in
China. They must be built all over the world.
Wang Feng is a worker at Yulin in Shaaxi
Province. He works on the Great Green Wall
with many other people. We visited him at his
workplace among the young trees and asked
him about his work.. “Many thousands of trees
must (8) every year,” he said. “The
was over 3.6 billion. In 1990, it (7)_________
more than five billion. Now at the beginning of
the 21st the world’s population (8)__________
six billion. People say that by the year 2010, it
may be seven billion. That (9)________ that in
about 600 years, there will be standing room
only on the earth. Each person will have one
half to one square metre of space
(10)____________. There will be hardly
enough space for anybody else.
(8)_________ a number of people off the
beaches of America. Australia, New Zealand
and South Africa also have shark attacks. In
some places there are watchtowers on the
beaches (9)________ people about sharks in
the water. When a shark appears, a bell rings to
tell the people to get out of the water. Sharks
attack about 100 people a year in the world.
Perhaps the shark just thinks that the person is
a kind of sea animal, or something good
(10)_________.
( 7 )
visit mean ; be see found;
lie be covered with explain
find discover lay disappear;
Last Saturday afternoon, Wei Hua and her
classmates(1) the Museum of Natural
History. They were very interested in dinosaurs
“Can we see dinosaurs here?” Wei Hua
asked Miss Li, their guides.
“Yes!, of course. There is an underground
Dinosaur World. There you (2) the
fossils of many kinds of dinosaurs. Shall we go
to visit the dinosaurs first?”
“Yes! Let’s go!” All the students cheered.
Then they went to the dinosaur World.
“Oh, look! These must be dinosaur eggs.
They are so big!” Lucy shouted.
“Yes. These eggs (3) in the Gobi
Desert by a group of scientists in the 1920s,”
Miss Li said.
“So these eggs (4) long long ago
by dinosaurs!” Lily said
Mill Li smiled, “These eggs were laid about
95 million years ago.”
“95 millions ago? That (5) dinosaurs
lived long before human beings appeared! But
the dinosaur (8) feathers!”
“With feathers Like birds?” The students
could not believe their ears.
“Look!” Miss Li showed them a picture of
the feathered dinosaur, “You see, it looks like a
big bird. Some scientists believe that dinosaurs
have not disappeared, but they have become
birds.”
“That’s very interesting. I want (9)________
a scientist in the future and study dinosaurs!”
said Song Dan.
“Good. Then we can see many dinosaurs
(10)__________by you in this museum,” said
Miss Li, and all the students laughed.
( 9 )
need save hit grow live
work ;build stay prevent;
plant blow be covered with
Forests help to keep water from running
away, so drought does not often happen. The
trees in the forests can keep rain drops from
(1)_______the soil directly, so the soil is not
easily washed away. The dead leaves on the
ground also keep the water from running away.
The water then (2)_______in one place and is
used by the trees in the forests. In this way,
floods(3)________.
Chinese people do not want to see more
floods and droughts, so they (4)________a
new Great Wall across the northern part of the
country. This time, it is a “Great Wall” of trees,
millions of trees.
The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometers
long, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometers
wide. The Great Green Wall will stop the wind
from (5) the earth away. It will stop the
sand from moving towards the rich farmland in
more, the better. This year alone, we’ve
already planted ten thousand trees. You see all
those small trees over there on that hill? That
was sand five years ago. Now it’s a young
forest! In a few years’ time, those mountains
(9)_________trees, too!” He pointed to the
high mountains far away.
Was it difficult (10)__________on the Great
Green Wall?
“Yes. It’s hard work, but it’s very important.
The only problem is you can’t eat trees! We
have to grow our own food , too. But thanks to
the Great Green Wall, the land produces more
crops. So the more trees there are, the better
harvests we have.

( 10 )
be born go on leave increase ;
come happen mean pass
reach produce live in be
Look at your watch for just one minute.
During that time , the population of the world
increased by 259. Perhaps you think that isn’t
much. However, during the next hour, over
15,540 more babies (1)________on the earth.
So it (2)________, hour after hour. In one
day, people have (3)________ food for over
370,000 more mouths. Multiply this by 365.
Just think how many more there will be in one
year! What (4)_________ in a hundred years?
The (5)_________ population is growing
faster and faster. Two thousand years ago, there
were only 250 million people on the earth.
Four hundred years ago, the number
(6)_______ over 500 million. At the beginning
of the twentieth century, the world’s population
was about 1.7 billion. In 1970, this number


( 11 )
do sleep get bring rock break
buy drop crash say reach take
One Friday morning in San Francisco,
Robert Parley, a baby, (1) ___________ in his
bed. The family pet , a dog, was asleep on the
floor beside the baby’s bed. Mrs. Parley was
busy (2)___________ her housework.
Suddenly an earthquake (3)_________ the city.
Mrs. Parley said she felt as if she was in a
storm at sea. She tried hard (4) _________ the
baby’s room, but the house broke in two ,
(5)__________ her to the first floor and
leaving with baby’s bed hanging on the edge of
the story house.
Mrs Parley tried to climb to the second floor,
but she couldn’t because she (6)____________
her leg. She shouted to the dog, Cody,
(7)___________the baby. The dog jumped into
little Robert’s bed and carefully grabbed the
baby in his mouth. The dog then jumped out of
the bed with the baby, just as the bed (8)_____
to the first floor.
Mrs Parley called the police on her mobile
phone and half an hour later, they climbed to
the second floor to get the dog and the baby.
The police said baby Robert didn’t cry at all.
Baby Robert and his mother (9)____________
to the hospital, with Cody the dog right beside
them. All are now doing well. It is true
(10)__________ a dog is man’s best friend or
at least Robert’s best friend.
( 12 )

help take carry make beat relax
do surprise please be win ; score
In a (1)_____________ result, the No. 69
Middle School girls’ football team yesterday
(2)_______ their school’s boy’s team. The
boys’ team used (3)________ the girls with the
training. They had never lost to the girls before,
“They were great!” she said.
一、句子成分：
句子是有不同的各部分组
成的，这些部分就叫做句子成分 。句子成分
可以是单词、词组或句子（从句）。在句中起
主要作用的是主语、谓语，称为主要成 分；
起次要作用的有宾语、宾语补足语、定语、
形式。
eg.1)We call him Jim.（名词做宾补）
2)We must keep the window open.（形容词
做宾补）
3)The news makes me happy (同上)
4)I found it hard to get to sleep (同上)
5)I think it useful to learn English well (同
(副词well修饰plays，副词quite修饰另一副
词well.)

(副词very修饰形容词interesting)
以上的名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词、
but this time the girls beat them 4-3 in an
exciting match.
After the game, Wu Nai, captain of the boys’
team, was very unhappy. “We all thought this
(4)__________ an easy game,” he said. “We
never thought a team of girls could beat us.
This is the most unlucky day of my life.”
But Mr. Hu, the boys’ PE teacher, said he
thought the girls deserved (5)________. “The
boys were too confident,” he said. “I told them
before the match that they needed to play well.
They all thought that girls’ football was a joke.
Now they know better. They played carelessly,
and they deserved to lose.”
The match had started well for the boys.
After 30 minutes, they were winning 2-0. Their
best striker, Lu Ming, scored in the thirtieth
minute. Earlier, the midfield player, Ma
Zhengquan, had scored the first goal in only
the second minute of the match. His excellent
shot went low to the left of the girls’ goal.
Their keeper, Jiang Mei, could not stop it.
However, after the first half hour, the boys
seemed to become too confident and
(7)_________. At first, the girls had felt a bit
nervous, but then they became more and more
confident. Just before half time, Li Xiaolin
made the score 2-1, with a beautiful shot into
the top right-hand corner of the boys’ goal.
In the second half, the boys were the first to
score. Another great shot from Lu Ming went
over Jiang Mei’s head and into the middle of
the goal. However, after that the boys became
relaxed and lazy, but the girls (8)______ on
working hard. Hao Meiling scored in the 68th
minute, (9)________ the score 3-2. Then Li
Xiaolin scored twice in the last six minutes to
make the final score 4-3. It was an amazing
finish to an exciting match.
The girls’ PE teacher, Miss Wang ,
(10)______________with their performance.
状语和表语，称为次要成分。所有的句子都
是在简单句的基础上展开的，所以我们首先
讨论简单 句的五种基本句型。
一、简单句的五种基本句型(Five
kinds of simple sentences)
（一） 主语 + 不及物动词（主、谓结构）
eg. 1）He is working.
2）He cooks.
（二） 主语+ 及物动词 + 宾语（主、谓、宾结构）
eg. 1）We study English every day.
2）They are playing football
（三） 主语+ 连系动词 + 表语（主、系、表结构）
eg. 1）Trees turn green.
2）He is happy.
常见的连系动词有：be become get（“天气”
变得）; turn（“颜色”变得）; feel（觉得摸
起来）; look(看起来)；smell(闻起来);
sound(听起来)；taste(尝起来)；seem(似乎).
特别注意：
a) 连系动词后常接形容词常作表语；
b) be become后常接名词或相当于名词的
短语（不定式动名词）做表语。
c) seem + 形容词 = seem to be + 形容词
eg.1)He is a teacher (名词做表语)
2)His job is to feed animals (不定式做表语)
3)His hobby is reading. (动名词做表语)
4)He seems happy = He seems to be happy
（四） 主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾（人）+ 直宾（物）
=主语+ 及物动词 + 直宾（物）+ to for + 间宾
（人）
常用的此类动词有：give pass show lend
buy. 但buy与for连用
eg.1)I gave him a book.
= I gave a book to him.
2)My mother bought me a pen yesterday.
= My mother bought a pen for me.
（五） 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补
注意作宾补的词：1）名词（指宾语是谁什
么）；2）形容词；3）不定式；4）动词的ing
上) 副词称为实词，可以在句中单独做一定的成
6)He told me to wash the plates.（不定式做分。
宾补） 3．冠词、介词、连词称为虚词，在句中不能
7)I saw a thief going into your room. （动名单独构成句子成分。冠词只能用于名词前；
词做宾补） 介词与它后面的名词或代词构成介词短语，
特别注意： 才能作一定的成分（定语、状语和表语）。例
1)动词不定式作宾补 如：
A: ask want tell sb to do sth.
其否定式为：askwanttell sb not to do sth
2)省to不定式作宾补，即：
(l, m, n; 3h; 2看; 1f) sb do sth
l—let, m—make, n—notice; 3h—hear, have ,

help; 2看—see, watch; 1f—feel. （介词短语of Class Two作定语，修饰the
eg.1)The boss made the workers work 12
League members. 介词短语in the school yard
hours every day.
作地点状语,修饰are having）
2)I often hear him sing.
连词只起连接词、词组和句子的作用。
2)
区别省
to
不定式作宾补与动词
ing
形式作宾补
.
He is so young that he can’t go to school.
hear see sb do:
听见看见某人做了某事

（that连接两句子）
hear see sb doing:
听见看见某人在做某事
（二）词类和句子成分的关系：
二、词类和句子成分的关系。

1．主语：是句子要说明的人和物，是句子的
主体，一般放在句首。名词、代词常在句中
（一）词类相互间的关系。 作主语。此外，动名词、动词不 定式、主语
1．形容词、数词通常修饰名词（有时名词也从句也可作主语。例如：
可以修饰另外一个名词），形容词还可修饰代1)Mr. Chen is a greadt scientist. (名词作主语)
词。例如： 2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主)
1)The three tall and strong men are all basket-
3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作
(定语) (主) (谓) (定语) 主语)
ball players.（“主系表”结构）
4)To swim in Kuming Lake is a great pleasure.
(表语) (动词不定式作主语)
数词three和形容词tall , strong修饰名词men; 5)What we shall do next is not yet decided. (主
名词basketball修饰名词players. 语从句作主语)
2)The writer often writes something interesting
2．谓语：说明主语的动作和状态。动词在
(主) (壮) (谓) (宾) (定) 句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。例如：
about children. （“主胃宾”结构） 1)The new term begins on September 1st .(行
(定) 为动词作谓语)
形容词interesting修饰不定代词something 2)She seems tired. (连系动词作谓语)
2．副词常修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。例3)He has gone to Beijing. (行为动词作谓语)
如： 3．宾语：及物动词涉及的人或物称 为动词宾
语。宾语一般放在及物动词（或相当于及物
动词的短语）后。介词后的名词或代词称为

介词宾语。名词、代词在句中常作宾语。此

外，动词不定式、动名词 和从句也可作宾语。
例如：
1)Wang Ling lent me a novel. (代词me作间接
宾语；名词a novel作直接宾语)
2)The medicine is good for a cough. ( 名词a
cough作介词宾语)
3)My little sister always likes to ask questions.
3)There are few women workers in the factory.
(形容词few 以及名词women作定语修饰名
词workers)
4)The oil workers here come from Daqing. (名
词oil以及副词here作定语修饰名词workers)
5)We have got ten desks in the room. (数词ten
修饰名词desks)
1)Excuse me. I don’t want to listen to you any
more. I don’t think it’s a good excuse for being
late for school
第一个excuse是动词“原谅”；第二个 excuse
有冠词a修饰，它是一个名词“借口”，在此
作表语）
2)The scores are hard to believe. Team A has
father was a teacher

2. The milk tastes fresh

3.I am in a hurry to find a job

4.I found your shoes under the bed
(不定式to ask questions作动词likes 的宾语)
4)His brother is good at playing chess. (动词名
词playing chess作介词宾语)
5)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?
(coming作动词宾语)
4．宾语补足语（复合宾语的第二部分） ：在
宾语后补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的
成分称为宾补。名词、形容词、动词不定式和动名词可作宾补。（见前面简单句的五种
基本句型五）
5．表语：在连系动词后用来说 明主语的身份、
状态或特征的成分是表语。可作表语的有：
名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、不 定式、
动名词以及表语从句。（参见简单句的五种
基本句型三）
1)Wang Lin’s father is a doctor. (名词a doctor
作表语，说明主语的身份是doctor)
2)He is from America. （介词短语from
America作表语，说明主语的特征是“来自
美国“）
3)The baby is asleep. (形容词asleep作表语，
说明主语的状态是“睡着的”)
4)His work is teaching English. (动名词短语
teaching English作表语，说明主语特征是“教
英语”)
5)This is why he was late for school(表语从句
why he was late for school作表语。)
6．定语：用来修饰名词或代词的成分是定语。
单词作定语通常放在它所修饰的词前；但修
饰 复合不定代词（nothing, anything,
everything, something , somebody ,
anybody, …..）时，则放在这些不定代 词之后。
短语和从句作定语时，也放在被修饰词之后。
形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词 短
语、动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和定
语从句等都可作定语。
1)He is reading an interesting book. (形容词
interesting作定语,修饰名词book)
2)I have something important to tell you. (形容
词important以及不定式to tell you作定语，
修饰不定代词something)
6)Yesterday the scientist made a report on
modern science. （介词短语on modern
science作定语修饰名词report.）
7)The girl playing the piano is my younger
sister. (现在分词短语playing the piano作定
语修饰名词girl)
8)This is the new dictionary which I bought
yesterday. (定语从句which I bought yesterday
作定语修饰名词dictionary)
7．状语：修饰动词、形容词、 副词或全句的
成分是状语。修饰形容词的状语通常放在它
所修饰的词之前，修饰动词的状语通常 放在
动词后。但有些副词（如：often , always ,
usually等作状语放在事义动词之前，be 助
情之后）。副词、介词短语、名词词组、 动
词不定式、分词短语和状语从句都可以作状
语。
1)He knows how to learn English well. (副词
well作状语，修饰动词learn)
2)My parents often tell us about their hard life
in the past. (副词often作状语，修饰动词tell)
3)Her mother usually goes out to do some
shopping on Sundays. (副词usually以及介词
短语on Sundays作状语，修饰动词goes)
4)He will leave for Shanghai the day after
tomorrow. (名词词组the day after tomorrow
作状语，修饰动词will leave)
5)He came here to see you. (动词不定式to see
you作目的状语，
6)He sat there reading a novel (现在分词短语
reading a novel作状语修饰动词sat)
7)If I have some free time, I will study German.
(条件状语从句If I have some free time作状
语)
三、用分析法确定一个单词在句
中的词性和成分。
在英语中，一个单词往往有多种意 思，
应根据一个词在句中的位置确定它的词性、
词义、和在句中的成分。
scored eight goals.
第一个score作主语，是一个名词“分数”；
第二个score作谓语，是一个动词“进球”
3)The guide pointed to a red point on the map
to show us where the tomb is.
第一个point作谓语，是一个动词“指着”；
第二个point作动词pointed to 的宾语，在此
是一个名词“（红）点”
4)When I felt some rain drops dropping on my
face, I put on my raincoat.
第一个drop作动词felt的宾语，是一个名词
“（雨）滴”；第二 个drop是一个现在分词短
语作宾语rain drops的宾语补足语，是一个
动词“落下”
5)The sound from the church sounds very
beautiful.
第一个sound作主语， 是一个名词“声音”；
第二个sound作谓语，是一个连系动词“听
起来”。
6)She is a quiet girl. He does everything
quietly.
第一处的quiet作定语修饰名词girl, 是一个
形容词“安静的， 文静的”；第二处的quietly
作状语修饰动词does, 是一个副词“安静地”

练 习
一、根据单词所在的位置和句子成分，判定
下列划线部分单词的词性。
1. Please close the window before you leave
your home. ______
2. Wang Lin is one of my close friends.______
3. We must keep the window open _______
4. I forgot to mend my watch. _______
5. They are watching TV now. _______
6. I would like a bottle of water. _______
7. He often waters the flowers _______
8. She will go to Nanjing on a fast train _____
9. His brother swims very fast. _______
10. Let me have a swim. _______
二、下列划线部分的句子成分。

gave her a present.

people all over the world are hoping for

peace.

little girl can dress herself now.

man asked me not to play in the street.

book is very interesting

is a truck collecting rubbish outside.

三、把下列句子译成英语。（注意句子成分）。
1．我们已成功地完成了那项工作。
______________________________________
2．我们的英语老师手里那着一本书走进了教
室。 _________________________________
______________________________________
3．吉姆开中国有三年了。
______________________________________
4．那是“再见”的另一种说法。
______________________________________
5.说完这些话，他匆匆地去寻找那个失踪的
孩子
______________________________________
______________________________________
6．这种特殊的恐龙是我们国家发现的。
______________________________________
7．我没有笔写字。
______________________________________
8．照片中的王太太看起来很年轻。
______________________________________
9．学好英语最好的方法是尽可能多的说。
______________________________________
初 三 重 点 短 语
1. a set of (一)套组副
2. all over = around throughout

遍及…的每个部分
as long as 长达
3. as much as 多达
as tall as 高达
4. a doctor for children 儿童医生
5. a number of
许多 (作主为复数)

the number of
…的数目号码 (作主为单数)
6. as soon as possible 尽可能早地，尽快
7. as well = too 也；又；同样地
8. at the beginning of 在…初; 开始
9. at the age of 在…岁时
10. at sea 在大海上
11. at least 至少；起码
at most 最多
12. a place of interest = places of interest 名胜
13. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事
14. be abroad 出国
15. be able to = can 能；会
16. be afraid of 害怕
17. be excited about 对…感到兴奋
18. be amazed at 对…感到惊讶
19. be made of 由…组成；由…构成
20. be proud of 以…自豪（高兴）
21. be worth doing …值得做
22. be filled with = be full of 装满；充满
23. be covered with 被…覆盖
24. before long = soon 不久以后
long before 很久以前
25. be to do 打算做；将要做
be used for sth doing sth 用于…
26. be used as 被当作…来使用
be used by 被…使用
27. break in two 裂成两半
28. be busy doing 忙于做…
be busy with sth 忙于某事
29. 既…又…；两者都
30. beg one’s pardon 请原谅；对不起
31. by the time 在…时候以前
32. come true 实现
33. come up with 提出；提供
34. cut down 砍倒；砍伐
35. carry on 坚持下去；继续下去
36. come to one’s ears 传入（某人的）耳朵
37. carry sb to safety 把某人带到安全地
38. can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事
can’t help doing 情不自禁地做某事
39. drop off 放下（某物）；下车
40. deserve to do 做…理所应当
41. even though 即使
42. ever since 从那时起；此后一直
43. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事
44. escape doing 逃脱做某事
45. far away 很远；遥远
46. from now on 从今以后；今后
47. find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事
48. feed on upon 以…为食
49. feel like doing = want to do 想要做某事
= would like to do
give up sth 放弃某事
50. give up doing sth 放弃做某事
= stop doing sth
51. go over 过一遍；复习；仔细检查
52. get an injection 打针；注射
53. get …back 退还…；送回去
54. give birth to 生孩子
55. go straight along 沿着…直接走
56. hand in 交上来
57. have a try 尝试；努力
58. hear of about 听说
59. human being 人
60. hands up 举手
61. have… off 有…的休息
62. have has got = have has 有
63. have nothing to do with 与…无关
have something to do with 与…有关
64. hour after hour 一小时一小时地；连续地
65. have sth done 请人做某事
66. in this way 用这种方法
in different ways 以不同的方法
67. It seems that + 从句：似乎；好象
68. It is said 据说
69. in history 历史上
70. in a few year’s time 几年时间后
= in a few years
71. keep off 避开；防止
72. live on 继续存在，继续活着；靠…为生
73. leave +地点：离开某地
leave for +
地点：动身去某地；前往某地
74. make sure 确保；确认；查明
75. more or less 或多或少
76. make a decision 作出决定
77. make a mistake 犯错误
78. make a progress 取得进步
79. make up one’s mind 下决心
80. multiply … by …. 以…乘以…
81. make sb +
形
：使某人如何
make me happy 使我愉快
make a contribution to sth
为某事做准备
82. make a contribution to doing sth
为做某事做准备
83. no matter what = whatever 无论什么
84. not only… but also 不但…而且
85. on display 陈列；展览
86. on show 展出
87. on the other hand 另一方面；反过来说
on the other side of 在…的另一面
88. on business 经商
89. once upon a time 从前；很久以前
=long , long ago
90. open up 开放；开业；开设
91. pick up 捡起；拾起
92. point at 指着；指向（近物）
point to 指向…（远物）
93. put off 推迟；拖延
94. put up 挂起；举起
95. prefer to do rather than do 宁愿做…而不
愿做…
96. run away 流失；逃跑；逃走
97. rush out 冲出去
98. regard … as 把…当作…；当作
99. receive get a letter from
收到某人的来信
=hear from
100. send up 发射；把…往上送
101. set one’s mind to do 一心想做…
102. shut down 把…关上
103. slow down 减缓；减速
104. so far 到目前为止
105. so that 以便；以致
some more books 另外的书
106. two more books 另外的两本书
= another two books
107. speak highly of 称赞
108. spill over 溢出
109. thanks to 由于=because of ；幸亏
110. think about 考虑
111. think of 认为；想起
think much a lot of 对…评价高；看重
112. turn down 调低；调小
turn up 调高；调大
113. try out 实验；尝试
used to +
动原
：过去常常（做）
114 be used to +
动原
：被用来做…
be get used to sth 习惯于某事
be get used to doing sth
习惯于做某事
what do you mean by …?
…是什么意思
115. = what does … mean ?
= what’s the meaning of …?
116. what’s the population of
…的人口是多少
have a population of 有…的人口
117. what … for =why 为什么
118. warn sb about of sth 警告某人某事
warn sb against doing
警告某人别做某事
119. with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
= with the help of
120. wear out 穿破；穿烂
121. wash away 冲走









(I)
2. √ 3. for 4. other 5. moving
6. look 7. no 8. are 9. √ 10. and
(H)
1. first 2. great (big) 3. with 4. brought
5. diseases 6. longer 7. good 8. was
9. but 10. √