初中英语语法 代词讲解讲解学习

初中英语语法 代词
代词：为了避免重复而用来代替其他词的词。
种类：1) 人称 2) 物主 3) 反身 4) 指示 5）不定6) 疑问
7) 相互代词：each other, one another互相， 其所有格加-’s
8) 关系代词：which， who，that，
whom，whose等
引导定语从句
9) 连接代词：who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever
10）替代词：one(单数), ones(复数） 用于替代前面出现的同类事物。但ones必须 和形容词连用。如果替代的名
词时无形容词在前，则用some, any，而不用ones。如：Have you bought any rulers? Yes，I 've bought some.
一、人称代词
1. 人称代词的形式


主格
宾格
第一人称
I
me
功能
主格 作主语
作动词宾语
宾格
作介词宾语
作表语
指时间
指天气
指距离
单数
第二人称
you
you
he
him
第三人称
she
her
it
it
例句
They are fourteen years old. She is a Chinese teacher.
The box is too heavy. Let me help you. I like it very much.
Mary didn’t want to go with me.
--- Who is standing over there?
--- It’s me.
It is early spring, but it’s already very hot.
It rained ________________（大）last night.
复数
第一
we
us
第二
you
you
第三
they
them
2. 人称代词的句法功能
It’s about five ___________（minute）walk from here to the library.
How far is it from your school to your home?
I find it easy to learn English well.
-Where’s my book? -It’s over there.
it的
特殊
用法
作形式主语、 It is very nice of you to help me.
形式宾语
指前文提到
的物
指不知性别
的婴儿或不
确指性别的
人
The baby is crying. It may be hungry.
3. 人称代词的排列顺序（单数231，复数123）
当两个以上的人称代词一起作主语时，单数按二、三、一人称排列（即you, he she, I）；复数按一、二、三人称排
列（即we, you, they）。但是如果做错了事需要承担责任时，要把说话人（I）放在第一位。如：It was I and John that
made her angry. 是我和约翰惹她生气了。

二、物主代词
1. 物主代词的形式


物主
代词
形容词性
名词性
my
mine
your
yours
单 数
his
his
her
hers
its
its
our
ours
复 数
your
yours
their
theirs
2. 物主代词的基本用法
功 能

例 句
1
特 别 提 示

形容词性
物主代词
名词性
物主代词
(相当于省
略了中心名
词的-'s属
格结构)
与of连用
作定语
The red skirt of hers is very beautiful.
作定语
作主语
作宾语
作表语
Her mother is a kind-hearted doctor.
Their room is clean and tidy.
That is his computer. Mine doesn’t work.
Her spoken English is better than yours.
This ballpen is hers. Where is mine?
名词性物主代词在句中不能单独作
定语。如：
Hers math is better than mine.（错！
句中的________应改为________）
形容词性物主代词作定语，相当于形
容词。

3. 物主代词的特殊用法
在双重所有格中只能用名词性物主代词。如：
我的一个朋友a friend of mine , 她的一个同学 a classmate of hers , each brother of his.
三、反身代词
1. 反身代词的形式
反身代词又叫自身代词，表示动作返回到动作发出者本身。
人 称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单 数
myself
yourself
himself,herself, itself
复 数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
2. 反身代词的句法功能

功 能 例 句
Little Jimmy can dress himself now.
She cooked herself a good meal.
The boy in the photo is myself, not Tom.
特别提示
两句中动作的执行者与承受着
均是同一个人，故宾语只能用反
身代 词，不能用him和her。

此句中，反身代词itself也可放
在laughed的后面。
初中常用的由反身代词构成的
短语有：（见下）
作宾语
作表语
I am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。

The baby itself laughed.
I myself went to visit my teacher.
Never leave the child by himself at home.
I don’t think I can do it by myself.
作同位语（强调）
和by等介词搭配，
构成固定短语
3.由反身代词构成的习惯用语
① help oneself to 随便吃…… ② come to oneself 苏醒过来，醒悟，恢复知觉
③ dress oneself 自己穿衣服 ④ say to oneself 自言自语
⑤ enjoy oneself 玩得开心 ⑥ lose oneself in迷路于，全神贯注于…之中，消失于
⑦ teach oneself 自学 ⑧ look after oneself ⑨by oneself 亲自
learn……by oneself 自学… leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下 hurt oneself 伤了自己
make yourselfyourselves at home 不必拘束
四、指示代词
单数
复数
this这，这个
these这些
that那，那个
those那些
such
这样的人或物
same
同样的人或物
This is Bill speaking. Who is that?
Where will these pupils go?
例句
Do you like those? They are the latest fashion.
I have never seen such a clever child before.
Those two dresses are the same.
He said the same thing again and again.
2

1.
that 用来代替前面提到的不可数名词，those代替复数名词。
The weather today is finer than that yesterday.
The students in this school are different from those in that one.
2. 打电话时，用that询问对方是谁，用this介绍自己。This is Jack speaking. Is that Mrs Black speaking?

说明：






That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和 these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：
(对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。
(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）
(错) He admired that who danced well. （that作宾语时不能指人）
(对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）
(对) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）
五、疑问代词
疑问代词有who，who m，whose，what和which等。在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句。疑问代词都可用
作连接代词 ，引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）

如：Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁。
格
主格
宾格
所有格
指人
who谁
whom谁
whose谁的
指物
what什么
whose谁的
指人或物
which哪个，哪些
whose谁的

说明1：
无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在
一定的范围内，例如：
Which girls do you like best? 你喜欢哪几个姑娘？
What girls do you like best? 你喜欢什么样的姑娘？


说明2：
Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语 ，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介
词后只能用whom, 例如：
Who(m) did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）
Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）
To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词后，不能用who取代。）

六、不定代词：
不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有a11，both，each，every等，以及含有some-，any-，no-等的合成代词，如anybody， something，no one。这些不定代词
大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语， 但none和 由some，any，no等构
成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定 语。如：
-- Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗？ -- Yes，I have one. --是的，我有一辆。
-- I don't know any of them. 他们，我一个也不认识。

不定代词的形式
some any
普通不定代词
somebody anybody nobody, someone anyone no one
something anything nothing
one none
个体不定代词
数量不定代词

every each, other another, either neither
everybody everyone everything
many much, few a few little a little
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例 词

a lot of lots of a great deal of a great many


辨析：

不定代词
some
用法
1) 可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。
2) 当做某一解时，也可与单数名词连用。（= a certain）
You will be sorry for this some day. 总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。
A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule. 某些人不同意你的看法。
3) 用于肯定句中
4）表请求、建议或期望得到肯定回答时的疑问句中。Would you like some coffee?
**a.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：
If you need some help，let me know.
**b.当否定的是整体中的部分时，some可用于否定句。如：
I haven't heard from some of my old friends these years.这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的
信。
1) 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。
He doesn’t have any money.
Are there any people in the room?
If you have any questions, please ask me for help.
2) 表“任何”时，any可用于肯定句。
Here are three novels. You may read any. 这有三本小说，你可任读一本。
You may come at any time; I’ll be home the whole day.
Her parents are both doctors.
**a. both, all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前， be 动词之后。如果助动词或情
态动词后面的实义动词省去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。
Who can speak Japanese? We both (all) can.
We all want to go to the zoo.
***all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。
如： All goes well. 一切进展得很好。All that you have done is very helpful.
***all在定语从句中作先行词时，关系词只能用that。
***all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说 all the book，而说 the whole book。
但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如 all day，all night，all the year； 但习
惯上不说 all hour，all century。
all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如 all China， all the city， all my life，
all the way
Either of the answers is correct.
Neither of us goes abroad.
1）neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Neither of the two answers is right.
2）作定语与单数名词连用，但neither… nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓
语采用就近原则。
3）可用于下列句型，避免重复。如： She can't sing，neither (can) he.
***neither 与nor
a. 如前句是否定式从句，则主句用neither，而不用 nor。
If you don't do it，neither should I. 如果你不干，我也不干。
b. 如后连续有几个否定句式，则用nor，不用neither。
He can't sing，nor dance，nor skate.
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1
any
both
两者都
all
三者及以上都
可作主、宾、表、
定、同。
2
either
两者之一
neither
两者都不

any
三者之一
none
三者及以上都不
Any movie is boring.
None of his friends hashave been to Nanjing.
1) none作主语，多与of 构成短语 none of。 在答语中，none可单独使用。
I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
Are there any pictures on the wall? None.
2) none作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。
It is none of your business.

1)

2)

3)
Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。
every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。
Every student has to take one.
every 与not 连用，表示部分否定；
Every man is not honest. 并非每个人都诚实。
every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等；
every
三个及以上的 “每
个都”
强调整体概念。
只能做定语。
3
each pron. a. ad.
两个及以上的“每
个”
强调个体概念，可
构成of短语
Each student may have one book.. 每个学生都可有一本书。
1）each可作代词或形容词。
Each boy has to take one.
Each of the boys has to take one.
但we each have a book.
2) each 和not连用表示全部否定。
Each man is not honest. 这儿每个人都不诚实。
How many people are there at the meeting?
Many of the workers were at the meeting.
many a (=many)
但Many books were sold. Many a book
was sold. 卖出了许多书。
How much time has we left?
Much of the time was spent on learning.
manymuch多用于疑、否，whe ther引导
的宾从中。日常谈话中，纯粹的肯定句一
般可数的用a large number of, a goodgreat
many, 不可数多用a goodgreat deal of, 可
数不可数均可用的有a lot of, lots of,
plenty of.
many+ [C]
许多
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much + [U]
许多
few + [C] “没有
几个，几乎没有”
a few+ [C]
“有几个”
little+ [U] “没有多
少，几乎没有”
a little+ [U]
“有一点儿”
other+可数复数
泛指“其他的”
the other
两者中的另一个
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He has few friends. 他几乎没有朋友。

He has a few friends. 他有几个朋友。
only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many)
Hurry！We have little time left.
We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。
What other animals do you like?
the other day 前几天 every other day 隔天 on the other side 另一边
on the one hand… on the other hand 一方面……另一方面……
one… the other 一个……另一个……（只有两个）
We have two sisters. One is 16, the other is 12.
I found one shoe, but I can’t see the other one.
one……one……the other…… 一个……，另一个……，第三个……
5
others = other some… others，others…
peoplethings 泛指We shouldn’t laugh at others.
“其他的人或物”
the others = the rest some… the others 一些……其他的……（有三个以上）
剩余的全部（特定There are 50 students in our class. Some are reading, the others are doing homework.
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范围内的人或物）
another
泛指三者及以上中
的另一个
… another…，the third…
shirt is too small. Can I try another one?
Don’t lose heart. Have another try.
r twofew weeks 再两(几)周= two more weeks
eg. We love here. We want to stay another three days.
4. one after another 一个接一个地
something, anything, everything, nothing ,
somebody, anybody, everybody, nobody,
someone, anyone, everyone，( no one)

作主语Both of them are Chinese.
宾语 I know nothing about him.
表语 That’s nothing. 没什么。
定语 You may take either road.
1. 有形容词修饰，要后置。There’s sth wrong with the TV.
2. 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Everything goes well.
3

复合不定代词
作主语、宾语、表
语、定语。

辨析：
1. one
，
that
和
it
one表示泛指，that和it 表示特指。that与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而it 与所指名词为同一个。
I can't find my hat. I think I must buy one. (不定) 我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。
The hat you bought is bigger than that I bought. (同类但不同个) 你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。
I can't find my hat. I don' t know where I put it. ( 同一物) 我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。
2.
.anyoneany one
anyone仅指人，any one既可指人，也可指物。
onenobody， none和no
a) none 后跟of短语，既可指人又可指物，而no one只单独使用，只指人。
None of you could lift it. 你们中没有人可举起它。
-- Did any one call me up just now? --刚才有人打电话给我吗? -- No one. --没有。
b) none用法相当于名词，一般作主语、宾语。 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one作主语谓语动词
只能是单数。
None of the problems is are easy to solve. None of the milk was left.
c) no one 一般回答who，含anyone，anybody的疑问句。Is there anyone in the room? – No one.
none回答how manymuch及含any+名词的疑问句。
How many students are there in the classroom? – None.
How much money do you have? – None.
Is there any water in the bottle? -None.
d）no只有形容词性质，修饰不可数或可数名词。
no=not any eg. There are no books for her.
no=not a 用于连系动词后，语气很强。 The girl was no beauty. 这姑娘才不漂亮呢。
no+doing 用于讲稿·警告、命令等标识。 No smoking!
no 可修饰其他句子成分。No boy at the school have ever seen the sea.
4. both，either both←→neither both部分否定，neither全部否定。
both与复数连用，either与单数连用。
Both the boys are clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
Either of the two boys is clever. 两个男孩都很聪明。
There are flowers on both sides of the street.
6

There are flowers on either side of the street. 路边长满了野花。
5. all (所有的，全部的人或物)，any (任何一个)， none (都不)。 以上词使用范围为三者以上。
none←→all 。all 部分否定，none全部否定。
All the flowers are gone. 所有的花都谢了。
I don't like any of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
I like none of the flowers. 这些花我都不喜欢。
注意：all与none用法一样。跟单数名词，用单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。
All of the students are there. 所有的学生都在那。
All (of) the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。
6. “the”的作用
他是帮我的学生之一。
He is one of the students who help me. 第一句定语从句与the students 一致。
He is the one of the students who helps me. 第二句定语从句与the one 一致。

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