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初中英语语法大全(必备)资料讲解

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-30 17:07
tags:初中英语语法讲解

coker-丹顶鹤的故事

2020年10月30日发(作者:强士位)


英语语法大全:

1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do (例如:I like watching
monkeys jump)
2 (比较级 and 比较级) 表示越来越怎么样
3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)
4 agree with sb 赞成某人
5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样
6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界
7 along with同···· 一道,伴随······ (例如: I will go along with you我将和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 )
8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样
9 as you can see 你是知道的
10 ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的东西)(例如: ask you for my book )
11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么
12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
13 at the age of 在……岁时(例如:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始
15 at the end of +地点+时间 最后;尽头;末尾(例如: At the end of the day
16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候
17 be feel confident of sth that clause +从句 感觉对什么有信心,自信
(例如: I am feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时 2 将来时
19 be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原) 能够……(例如: She is able to sing She can sing
20 be able to do sth 能够干什么(例如:she is able to sing
21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……(例如: I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog
22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 (例如: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视、 I should be
allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视
23 be angry with sb 生某人的气(例如: Don't be angry with me
24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气
25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样(例如: She is as tall as me 她和我一样高
26 be ashamed to感到羞愧
27 be away from 远离
28 be away from 从……离开
29 be bad for 对什么有害(例如: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你
的眼睛不好
30 be born 出生于


31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
32 be careful 当心;小心
33 be different from…… 和什么不一样
34 be famous for 以……著名
35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好
36 be from = come from 来自(例如:He is from Beijing He comes from Beijing Is he from
Beijing ? Does he come from Beijing ?
37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满(例如: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with
water
38 be glad+to+do从句。很高兴去做···
39 be going to + v(原) 将来时
40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……
41 be good for 对什么有好处(例如: Reading aloud is good for your English
42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事
43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 (例如: Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处
Exercising is helpful to your baby 锻炼对你的身体有好处
44 be in good health 身体健康
45 be in trouble 处于困难中(例如: She is in trouble They are in trouble
46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣
47 be late for = come late to 迟到(例如: Be late for class 上课迟到
48 be like 像……(例如: I'm like my mother
49 be mad at 生某人的气
50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)
51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)
52 be not sure 表不确定
53 be on a visit to 参观
54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎
55 be quiet 安静
56 be short for 表**的缩写(例如: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰
57 be sick in bed 生病在床
58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb抱歉做某事对不起某人(例如: I am sorry for you
59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb (例如: I am sorry to trouble you
61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事(例如: He's strict in obeying rules他严格遵守规则
62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格(例如: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学
生对自己不严格
63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格
64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么
65 be sure 表确定


66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心(例如: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English
well
67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心(例如: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老
师)
68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心(例如: I'm sure that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考

69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事(例如: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试
We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语
70 be terrified of + 名动doing 害怕……
71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
72 be the same as … 和什么一样
73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 (例如: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He
is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉
74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be
afraid that 丛句
76 because+句子 because of +短语 (例如: He was late because he had a headache He was late
because of his headache
77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 (例如: Let's
begin the game with the song I begin to go home
78 between…and… 两者之间
79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西 (例如: I
borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
81 bother 打扰 bother sb to do sth (例如: I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to
the station 我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了
He's bothering me to lend him money
82 by the end of 到……为止
83 call sb sth (例如: We call him old wang
84 care 关心(例如: Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来
85 catch up with sb 赶上某人
86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈 take sb to + 地点 带某人去某地
87 come in 进
88 come over to 过来
89 come up with 提出(例如: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗?
90 communicate with sb 和某人交流
91 consider + doing 考虑做什么(例如: Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州?
92 dance to 随着……跳舞(例如: She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞
93 decide to do sth 决定做某事


94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查
95 do better in 在……方面做得更好
96 do wrong 做错
97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
98 Don't mind +doing 从句 名词 不要介意……
99 each +名(单)每一个…(例如: Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书
100 end up +doing以...为结束(例如:The party ended up singing.晚会以唱歌为结束
101 enjoy +doing喜欢
102 escape from 从……逃跑(例如: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑
出来
103 expect to do sth 期待做某事
104 fall down 摔下来 fall off 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb sth 爱上什么
106 far from 离某地远(例如: The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某
事怎么样
108 find sbsth +adj 发现什么怎么样(例如: I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成+doing(名
词)
110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人
111 forget to do 没有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了(例如: Don't forget to go home I forget
closing door
112 from…to… 从某某到某某(例如: From me for her
113 get have sth down 做完,被(别人)做…(例如: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了)
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)
114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job
115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好
116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处
117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备(例如: I get ready for math I am ready for math
118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦
119 get sb to do sth 让某人做某事
120 get…from… 从某处得到某物
121 give a talk 做报告(例如: He is give a tall
122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物
123 go fish 钓鱼 go swimming 游泳
124 go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 继续做这件事
125 go out away from go out of
126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学)
127 good way to 好方法
128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事 hate doing 讨厌做过的事
129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会


130 have a talk 听报告 谈一谈
131 have been doing 现在完成进行时(例如: You have been talking You have been sleeping since
132 have been to …( 地方)……去过某过地方 have gone to …(地方) 去了某地还没回来
133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴
134 have sth to do 有什么事要做 (例如: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做 I
have nothing to do 我没什么事情做
135 have to do sth 必须做某事
136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦
137 have…time +doing
138 have…(时间)…off 放……假(例如: I have month off 我请一个月得假
139 hear sb +dodoing 听见某人做某事正在做某事
140 help a lot 很大用处
141 help sb with sth one's sth 帮助某人某事(某方面) help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事
142 hope to do sth 希望做某事
143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法
145 if : 是否=wether (例如: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应
该去参加晚会 、He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们
明天早上是否能准时到达
146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句 (例如: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假
如明天不下雨,我就去泸州 、If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,
他们会让我知道的 、I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,
我就要去英国
147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为
148 in some ways 在某些方面
149 in the end = finally(adv.) 最后
150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east 东 )


一、 一般现在时
1.概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
2.时间状语:
Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week(day, year, mont
h…), on Sundays,
3.基本结构:动词 原形 (如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)
4.否定形式:主语+amisare +not+其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't, 如主
语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。


5.一 般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,
还 原行为动词。
6.例句:It seldom snows here.这里很少下雪。
He is always ready to help others.他总是乐于帮助别人。
Action speaks louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
二、 一般过去时
1.概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语:
ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now,
at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:主语+动词或be的过去时+名词
4.否定形式:主语+waswere +not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。
I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。
三、 一般将来时
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语:
Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, et
c.
3.基本结构:主语+amisare +going to + do+其它;主语+willshall + do+其它
4.否定形式:主语+amisare not going to do ;主语+willshall not do+其它
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;willshall提到句首。
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研
究。
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
四、 一般过去将来时
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:The next day (morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:主语+waswere +going to + do+其它;主语+wouldshould + do+其它
4.否定形式:主语+waswere+not + going to + do; 主语+wouldshould + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;wouldshould 提到句首。
6.例句:He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。
I asked who was going there.我问,谁要去那里。
五、 现在进行时
1.概念:表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语:Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen
3.基本结构:主语+be +doing +其它


4.否定形式:主语+be +not +doing+其它
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句:How are you feeling today?你今天感觉如何?
He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。
六、 过去进行时
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状
语等。
3.基本结构 主语+waswere +doing +其它
4.否定形式:主语+waswere + not +doing+其它
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写)
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段时间她在人民解放军部队工作。
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他进来时,我正在读报纸。
七、 将来进行时
1.概念:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。
常 用来表示询问、请求等。
2.时间状语:Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,
in two days, tomorrow evening
3.基本结构:主语+shallwill + be +现在分词+其它
4.否定形式:主语+shallwill + not + be +现在分词+其它
5.例句:This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时间,他们正坐在电影
院。
He won’t be coming to the party.他不去参加聚会了。
八、 过去将来进行时
1.概念:表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在 进行的动作,主要用于宾语从句中,
尤其多用于间接引语中。
2.基本结构:shouldwould + be +现在分词
3.例句:They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。
He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他说他不能来因为要开会。
九、 现在完成时
1.概念:过去发生或已 经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的
动作或状态。
2.时间状语:yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点,for+时间段,
recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:主语+havehas +p.p(过去分词)+其它
4.否定形式:主语+havehas + not +p.p(过去分词)+其它
5.一般疑问句:have或has。
6.例句:I've written an article.我已经写了一篇论文。


The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.在过去的几年,农村发生了巨大的变化。
十、 过去完成时
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成 的行为,
即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:Before, by the end of last year (term, month…), etc.
3.基本结构:主语+had + p.p(过去分词)+其它 4.否定形式:主语+had + not +p.p(过去分词)
+其它
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到车站的时候,火车已经开走
了。
By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books.到上个月底。我们有了四本书。
基本结构:主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其它
①肯定句:主语+ had+p.p(过去分词)+其它
②否定句:主语+ had+ not+p.p(过去分词)+其它
③一般疑问句:Had+主语+p.p(过去分词)+其它
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
十一、 将来完成时
1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语:by the time of; by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来)
3.基本结构:主语+be going towillshall + have+p.p(过去分词)+其它
4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area.到你回来的时候,
就将发生巨大的变化。
十二、 过去将来完成时
1 .概念:表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作,常用在虚拟语气中,表示与过
去的事 实相反。
2.基本结构:shouldwould have done sth.
3.例句:I thought you'd have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。
He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。
十三、 现在完成进行时
1.概念:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始, 也可能仍在继
续,并可能延续到将来。
2.基本结构:主语+havehas +been +doing+其它
3.时间状语:since+时间点,for+时间段等。
4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.我已经在这里坐了一个小时。
The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.从6点起,孩子们一直看电视。
十四、 过去完成进行时


1.概念:表示某个正在进行的动作或状态,持续到 过去某个时刻,还未完成,一直持续到之后的当
前才结束。
2.基本结构:主语+ had + been + doing +其它
3.例子:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重
感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time?他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?
4.特殊含义:①尚未完成:He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。(他没写完)
②企图:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。(他曾努力学
习过它)
③未得结果:We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。(但是
我们没有理解)
④最近情况:He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。(最近)
⑤反复动作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。(屡次)
⑥情绪:What had he been doing?他做了什么?(不耐烦)
十五、 将来完成进行时
1.概念:表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。
2.基本结构:shallwill have been doing
3.例子:I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今
年年底,我将在这个工厂工作20年了。
If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们如不快一点儿,等我
们到了那儿,店门就会关了。
十六、 过去将来完成进行时
1.概念:表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。
2.基本结构:shouldwould + have + been +现在分词
3.例子:He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他
告诉我,到年底时,他就在那住了30年了。

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