高中英语语法大全

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高中英语语法大全
一、词类和句子成分
1、词类：英语词类十种：名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。
1、名词(n.)： 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：
2、代词(pron.)： 主要用来代替名词。如：
3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：
4、数词(num.)： 表示数目或事物的顺序。如：
5、动词(v.)： 表示动作或状态。如：
6、副词(adv.)： 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：
7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：
8、介词(prep.)： 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如
9、连词(conj.)： 用来连接词、短语或句子。如
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：
※英语中代词分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不定 代词等等。
人称代词：人称代词代替人和事物的名称,分为主格和宾格两种形式。
主格 I you he she it we

宾格 me you him her it us

you

you

they
them
物主代词：说明事物所属关系的代词,分为形容词性和名词性两种。
形容词性 my your his her its our your their

名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs


反身代词：表示谓语的动作与主语有关或者宾语补足语的动作与宾语 有关。是一种表示反射或强调的代词。
第一人 第二人
第
称单数 称单数
男
myself yourself
三人
女
herself
称单
物
itself
数
第一人称
体
复数
ourselves
第二人称
复数
yourselves
第三人称复数
themselves himself

2、句子成分： 8种：主谓宾、定状补、表语和同位语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Sarah.
2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room everyday.
3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语身份或特征。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：She is beautiful.
4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.
有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。如：He wrote me a letter.
5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词担任。如：Shanghai is a big city.
6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,说明时间，地点、原因，状态等通常由副词或介词短语担任。
如：He is standing in the classroom.
7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.
☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Ma Yun, a great businessman, created Taobao Company.

二、简单句
1、简单句的特点：简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成。
简单句五大句型
1） 主谓：-I sleep.
-In youth, we learn.
2）主谓宾：-I love books.
3）主谓+双宾：- Mary give me an apple.
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-直接宾语是指与谓语动词直接发生联系的名词 通常是物
-间接宾语是动作所指向的方向 通常是人
give sb sth (sb是间宾 sth是直宾)=give sth to sb
cook sb sth (sb是间宾 sth是直宾)=cook sth for sb
4) 主+谓+宾+宾补
-I found the book easy.
-He makes me cry.
宾语补 足语指在英语中有些及物动词，接了宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语
的意义、状态等，简称宾补。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。
能够充当宾补的：不定式，现在分词，过去分词，形容词，副词，介词短语。
I help him to learn.
I saw Mary singing.
I find the book difficult.
He left it on the desk.
I saw the kite up and down.
判断是宾补还是双宾：宾语位置第一部分和第二部分是否有逻辑上的主谓关系。

三、句子成分判断：
My brother hasn't done his homework.
People speak English.
They call him Mike.
What is your given name?
You will find it useful after you leave school.
The old man was dead.
找出定语
① What is your given name?
找出宾补
She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
She found it difficult to do the work.
They call me Lily sometimes.
I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
找出状语
There was a big smile on her face.
I come to the school because of that reason.
找出直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me?


四、并列复合句
1、基本概念：
并列复合句是由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简 单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连接词连在一起；但有时
不用连接词,只在两个简单句之间用分号连接。
2、常见并列连词：
(1) 并列概念：and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…
(2) 选择概念：or, otherwise, or else, either…or…
(3) 转折概念：but, yet, while.
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(4) 因果概念： for, so, because.











五、主从复合句
概念：主从复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。
1）形容词性从句：定语从句。
2）名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、状语从句。

※定语从句
She is a beautiful girl.
She is a girl who is beautiful.

找出先行词，关系词，以及关系词充当从句的什么成分。
She was the teacher that taught us English.
This is the boy that we looked for yesterday.
Do you see the building that is near the bank?
All my classmates were fond of the cake that I made.

The book which has a lot of pictures is Tom’s.
The book which I lost yesterday is Tom’s.

I didn’t know anything about the man who wrote this.
The girl who you like is Mary.

The girl whom you like is Mary.

I know the man whose bike is blue.
I come to the room whose window is blue.

I don’t know the time when they come.
I don’t know the reason why they come.
I don’t know the school where they live.

关系代词：
关系副词：
从句完整时，用____________。从句不完整时，用__________。

关系代词 先行词 句子成分

who

whom

that

which

whose
关系副词
when
where
先行词


句子成分


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why

关系词填空
The team players ________ are wearing green have won the game.
This is the teacher ________ taught me Chemistry in 2016.
Mary is a girl ________ everybody likes.
The hospital ________ was built five years ago was the biggest in the city.
This is the boy ________ dog is very cute.
I cannot remember my childhood ________ my mother was still young.
She doesn’t know the reason ________ people hate her.
This is the place ________ a lot of people live.

考纲重点：
? 从句中谓语动词单复数要和先行词保持一致。
? 从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略。
? 关系代词指物时，只能用that的情况。
? 关系代词指物，只能用which的情况
? 关系代词指人，只用who的情况
? 非限制性定语从句 ※练习：课课练P16
※名词性从句：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、状语从句
引导词－从句为陈述意义that
－从句为一般疑问意义whetherif
－从句为特殊疑问意义whowhom what which whose
when where why
主语从句：
1. 主从为陈述句，连接词为that
他昨天没来是对的。_____________________________
2. 主从为一般疑问句，连接词为whether
是否他会来还不清楚。_____________________________
3. 主从为特殊疑问句，结构为原疑问词+陈述句式
他说的不是真的。_____________________________

表语从句：
1.为陈述，连接词为that
答案是我们没有足够的钱。_____________________________
2.表”是否”，连接词为whether
问题是是否我应该相信他。
3. 为特殊疑问句，结构为疑问词+陈述句式
问题是我们应什么时候出发。_____________________________
※Because也可引导表从
It iswas because +原因….

宾语从句：
1.为陈述句，连接词为that（可省）
动物们知道冬天就要来了。_____________________________
2.为一般疑问句，连接词为whetherif
他们想知道是否这是对的。_____________________________
3.为特殊疑问句，结构为疑问词+陈述句式
警察询问谁到这个房间来了。_____________________________

※宾从只用whether不用if的情况
1)和or not连用时
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2)从句是介词的宾语时
3) 从句和不定式连用时

※难点：形式主语和形式宾语的阅读

同位语从句：对前面的名词的内容起解释说明，从句是完整句，去掉从句对整句结构无影响。
1.为陈述，连接词为that
他给出了命令，（内容是）我们必须注意安全(safety )。_____________________________
有许多报道，（内容是）现今人 们越来越有创造力了。_____________________________
2.表“是否”，连接词为 whether
我们会讨论这个问题，（内容是）是否运动会会 举办。_____________________________
3.表疑问，结构为疑问词+陈述句式
我不知道他什么时候回来。_____________________________
我不知道他为什么拒绝了我。_____________________________

※同从常在这类可有具体内容的名词后
answer, idea, belief, truth,
problem, news, fact, hope,
wish, promise, evidence, report,
information, explanation, suggestion, conclusion…






英语16个时态

一般 完成 进行 完成进行
现在 现在一般 现在完成 现在进行 现在完成进行时
do have done is doing have been doing
过去 过去一般 过去完成 过去进行 过去完成进行时
did had done was doing had been doing
将来 将来一般 将来完成 将来进行 将来完成进行时
will do will have done will be doing will have been doing
过去将来 过去将来一般 过去将来完成 过去将来进行 过去将来完成进行时
would do would have done would be doing would have been doing
一．翻译
Mary住在欧洲。_________________________________________ _________________
小时候他经常去河里游泳。________________ __________________________________________
他忘记 了时间。______________________________________________ ____________
你明天会来吗？__________________________ ________________________________
他告诉了我同学们会在那个夏 天参观长城的。___________________________________________ _______________

我已经告诉她那件事了。______________ ____________________________________________
昨 天当我到教室的时候，已经开始上课了。________________________________ __________________________
至上个月，她已经学了2000个英语单词 了。________________________________________________ __________
到下个月底她就在这里住了3个月了。__________________ ________________________________________
她一直笑了 10分钟了。____________________________________________ ______________
在他来之前她一直笑了10分钟了。_______________ ___________________________________________
她一 直住在伦敦三年了。_________________________________________ _________________

我正在看电视。________________ __________________________________________
他来的 时候我正在吃饭。__________________________________________ ________________
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明天这 个时候他会在写作业。________________________________________ __________________
玛丽那时候想明天这个时候他会在写作业。________ __________________________________________________

二、用过去时、完成时或完成进行时填空
1. You know, I ____________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first chance.
2. My sister ____________ (stay) in Beijing for three months last year.
3. The little boy is dirty all over because he _____________ (play) in the mud（泥） all the morning.
4. I ______________ (wonder) if you were free this afternoon.
5. Here he is! We _______________ (wait) anxiously for him since last night

三、选择题
1. —______ my glasses?
—Yes, I saw them on your bed a minute ago.
A. Do you see B. Had you see C. Would you see D. Have you seen
2. I wonder why Jenny ______ us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written
3. John and I ______ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we ______ each other
many times before that.
A. had been; has seen B. have been; have seen
C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen
4. —How long ______ David and Vicky ______ married?
—For about four years.
A. were; being B. have; got C. have; been D. did; get
5. How can you miss the news? It ______ on TV all day long.
A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be
6. When Mary came to the house, Lily ______ TV.
A. was watching B. watches C. would watch D. had watched
9. The coffee is wonderful! It doesn’t taste like anything I ______ before.
A. was having B. have C. have ever had D. had ever had
10. My brother is an actor. He ______in several film so far.
A. appears B. appeared C. has appeared D. is appearing
14. This machine ______. What should I do?
A. didn’t work B. wasn’t working C. doesn’t work D. isn’t working
15. My friend, who ______ in that restaurant all his life, will retire next month.
A. served B. is serving C. had served D. has served
16. I ______ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived
17. We ______ our new neighbors yet, so we don’t know their names.
A. don’t meet B. won’t meet C. haven’t met D. hadn’t met
18. Danny ______ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.
A. works B. is working C. has worked D. worked
19. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks ______ so small that a day is unimportant.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
20. — ______ you ______ him around the museum yet?
— Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show
21. —I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
— I think so. He ________ for it for months.
A. is preparing B. was preparing C. had been preparing D. has been preparing
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22. By the time he realizes he _________ into a trap（陷阱）, it’ll be too late for him to do anything about it.
A. walks B. walked C. has walked D. had walked
23. Danny _________ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.
A. works B. is working C. has worked D. had worked
24. —I have got a headache.
—No wonder. You_________ in front of that computer too long.
A. work B. are working C. have been working D. worked
25. The unemployment rate in this district_______ from 6% to 5% in the past two years.
A. has fallen B. had fallen C. is falling D. was falling
26. Now that she is out of job, Lucy ___ going back to school，but she hasn’t decided yet.
A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider
27. —______ you ______ him around the museum yet?
—Yes. We had a great time there.
A. Have; shown B. Do; show C. Had; shown D. Did; show
28. —Hi, Tracy, you look pale.
—I am tired. I _______ the living room all day.
A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painted
29.—Have you learned something unexplained before?
—Yes, I ___________ a research on an unexplained fact 6 years ago in my hometown.
A. make B. made C. have been making D. have made
30. Mr. White works as a lawyer（律师） now, but he __________ as an actor for several years.
A. worked B. has worked C. had worked D. had been worked
31. Now that you ___________ a famous mountain climber, what are you going to do?
A. have been B. are C. were D. had been
32. —I am almost tired out.
— So you are. You __________ on the documents(文件) all day.
A. are working B. have worked C. were working D. have been working
5. — I___________ here three days ago.
—What__________ these days?
A. got; did you do B. have got; have you done
C. had got; will you do D. got; have you been doing
6. — I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
— Oh, not at all. I__________ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
7. You don’t need to describe her. I __________ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. have been meeting
8. —I came to Canada last autumn. What about you, Jim?
— I _________ here for about half a year, and I miss my family very much.
A. come B. came C. have come D. have been
9. It is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1934) _________ the world leading inventor for about sixty years.
A. would be B. has been C. was D. had been
10. —___________the sport meeting might be put off.
—Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I’ve been told B. I’ve told C. I’m told D. I told
11. —What bad luck that we ________the football match in the last 3 minutes.
— Especially when we _________ so hard in the past years.
A. had lost; trained B. were losing; had rained
C. have lost; have trained D. lost; have been training
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12. —Hi, Mary. It’s nice hearing from you.
— I __________coming to visit you but too much work prevents me from doing so.
A. had thought of B. thought of
C. have been thinking of D. have thought of
13. — Miss Jones __________ music at Eton School for ten years.
— No wonder I often hear her singing in her garden.
A. teaches B. used to teach C. is teaching D. has been teaching
14. —I think the waitress must have forgotten us. we _________ here for over half an hour and nobody _________ our order
yet. —I suppose you are right.
A. have been waiting; has taken B. have been waiting; took
C. have been waited; has taken D. have waited; took
15. The students don’t want to have their supper until they ___________ their experiment.
A. finished B. have finished C. had finished D. will finish
16. I play ping-pong quite well, but I __________ time to play since the new year.
A. haven’t B. don’t have C. haven’t had D. don’t have had
17. By now students in Grade One ____________ 1,700 English words and phrases.
A. should learn B. have learned C. learned D. learn
18. I __________ my history this time yesterday. Now I __________ all my work for today.
A. reviewed; had done B. was reviewing; had done
C. was reviewing; have done D. reviewed; have done
19. I _________ unexplained things recently and I even___________some writing.
A. have been researching; have started B. have researched; had started
C. have been researching; have been starting D. have been researched; have started
20. —Where have you been? I __________you the whole day.
— I was in the library reading magazines.
A. have been telephoning B. had telephoned
C. telephoned D. was telephoned
21. Shirley _________ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
22. I don’t really work here. I ____________ until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. have just help out
C. am just helping out D. will just help out
23. The price ____________ , but I am not sure whether it will go up again tomorrow.
A. went down B. will go down C. has gone down D. was going down
24. I wonder why Jenny __________us recently. We should have heard from her by now.
A. hasn’t written B. doesn’t write C. won’t write D. hadn’t written
25. The high building is reported to____________down last month.
A. be torn B. have been torn C. tear D. have torn
26. — Who is Jerry Cooper?
—___________? I saw you shaking hands with hem at the meeting.
A. Don’t you meet him yet B. Didn’t you meet him yet
C. Haven’t you met him yet D. Hadn’t you met him yet
27. I _________ my washing machine the whole morning. I must get it done before noon.
A. have repaired B. am repairing C. will repair D. have been repairing
28. I got frightened in the earthquake not long ago. I ___________ well since then.
A. haven’t been sleeping B. haven’t sleep C. didn’t sleep D. don’t sleep
29. Experts ___________for Yetis in the Himalayas for years, but they still _________one.
A. have looked; haven’t been finding B. have looked; haven’t been found
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C. are looking; haven’t been found D. have been looking; haven’t found
30.— Look! It _________like this for five days.
—Yes. It is usual that it _______a lot at this time of year.
A. has rained, rains B. has rained; has rained
C. has been raining; rains D. is raining; has been raining


























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