cua是什么意思-assertive
1. 名词性从句考点
1、引导词 that 与 what;
that 与 whether; if 与
whether;what 与 how等的区别; 2、名词
性从句的时态和语序问题;
3、名词性从句的语气问题; 4、同位语从句与定语
从句的比较区别。 3. I really
appreciate _____ to relax with you on this
nice island. 01 上海 A. to have had time
C. to have time
B. having time
D.
to having time B 仅带动名词作
宾语的动词为:admit
appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape
excuse prevent finish imagine mind
practise resist risk
suggest stand
forgive keep allow advise permit
forbid
但如果在 allow advise permit
forbid 后提到有关的人,就只能用
不定式作宾补。 在动词 want, need,
require, demand 等词后加动名词作宾语
时表示被动意义,相当于 to be
done。 4. --- You were brave enough to raise
objections at the meeting. --- Well, now I
regret _____ that. 95
N A. to do B. to
be doing C. to have done D. having done 5. ---
Let me tell you something about the
journalists. --- Don’t you
remember _____
me the story yesterday? 99 上海 A. told B.
telling C. to tell to have told 6. In some
parts of London, missing a
bus means _____ for
another hour. 02 上海春季 A. waiting
B. to
wait C. wait D. to be waiting D B A
特别注意带不定式和动
名词作宾语时意义不同的动词: remember, forget,
regret, try, go on,
mean, miss, stop 7. How
about the two of us ___ a walk down the garden?
93 N A. to take B. take C. taking D.
to be taking 8. --- I must
apologize for _____
ahead of time. --- That’s all right. 94 N
A. letting you not know B. not letting you
know C. letting you know
not D. letting not
you know 9. Sandy could do nothing but _____ to
his
teacher that he was wrong. 01 上海春季
A. admit B.
admitted
C. admitting D.
to admit C B A 介词的宾语一般都用动名词,但有
三个介词 but
except than be about 后要接不定式作宾语。 10. Rather
than ____ on a crowded bus, he always prefers
____ a bicycle. 94 N
A. ride … ride B.
riding … ride C. ride … to ride D.
to ride
… riding 注意 prefer 的几个常用句型: prefer to do sth.
than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
prefer + n. to + n. C 11.
Mr. Reed made up his
mind to devote all he had to _____ some schools
for poor children. 01 上海春季 A. set up
B. setting up C.
have set up D. having set up
12. --- How do you deal with the disagreement
between the company and the
customers? --- The key
_____ the problem
is to meet the demand _____ by the customers.
02 北
京 A. to solving … making B. to solving
… made C. to solve …
making D. to solve …
made B B 要特别注意 to 的词性,分析其为介词
还是不定式。 admit
to,be accustomed to 习惯于, be used to ,stick to ,
turn to,devote oneself to ,be devoted to,look
forward to,pay attention
to, get down to 等
八、非谓语动词作状语 高考题点击: 1. --- Mum, why
do you
always make me eat an egg every day? --- _____
enough protein
and nutrition as you are
growing up. 99 上海 A. Get B.
Getting C. To get D. To be getting 2. _____
late in the afternoon, Bob
B. turned off the
alarm. 01 北京春季 A. To sleep
Sleeping
C. Sleep D. Having slept 3. In order to make our
city green,
_____. 02 上海春季 A. it is
necessary to have planted more trees
B.
many more trees need to plant C. our city needs
more trees D.
we must plant more trees C A
D 4. _____ in thought, he almost ran into
the
car in front of him. 96 N A. Losing B.
Having lost C.
Lost D. To lose 5. _____
the general state of his health, it may take
him a while to recover from the operation.
00 北京春季 A. Given
B. To give C. Giving D.
Having given 6. He sent me an E-mail, _____
to get further information. 00 上海
A. hoped B. hoping C.
to hope D. hope lose
oneself in sth. 表示“陷入…”,主语 he 为 lose
的宾语。
given 作状语意为“考虑到”,意思相当于 considering。 注意 hoping
为伴随状语而非目的状语,真正的目的是后面的 to get …。 C A B 7. The
research is so designed that once _____
nothing can be done to change
it. 02 N
A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
8.
Finding her car stolen, _____. 01 上海 .
A. a policeman was asked
to help B. the
area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
once 在for everywhere
此处只是副词,后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语
的关系。begin为及物动词,
意为“开始、启动”,故该用过 去分词。
本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。 D D 九、
非谓语动词的时态语态和被动
高考题点击: I would love _____ to the party
last
night but I had to work extra hours to finish a
report. 97 N A.
to go B. having gone
C. going D. to have gone 2. Robert is said
_____ abroad, but I don’t know what country he
studied in. 99 N A.
to have studied B.
to study C. to be studying D. to
have
been studying D A would love to have done
表示本想去做,但没做
成。 本题的关键是“what country he
studied in”,由此可知事情发生
在过去。 3. Do let your mother
know all the truth. She appears _____
everything. 01 上海 A. to tell
be
telling
B. to be told C. to
D.
to have been told 4. Having a trip abroad is
certainly good for the old couple, but it
remains _____ whether they will
enjoy it. 02
N A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
本
题中母亲被告知真象显然发生在以前,所以你现在没有必要再隐瞒了。 remain
后接 to do,此处 it
指代的是后面的主语从句。他们是否喜欢有待于观察,此
处应为被动。 D B 5. _____
to sunlight for too much time will do harm to
one’s skin. 02 上海 A. Exposed
C.
Being exposed
B. Having exposed
D.
After being exposed 6. _____ such heavy
pollution already, it may now be too late to
clean up the river. 01 N
A. Having
suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 7.
Tony
was very unhappy for _____ to the party.
00 上海 A. having not been
invited B.
not having invited C. having not invited
D. not having been invited 该句缺主语,只能用动名词才能作主语。
C A D 8.
With a lot of difficult
problems _____, the newly-elected president
is having a hard time. 02 上海春季 A.
settled B. settling C.
to settle D. being
settled with + n. pron. + O.C.
构成一个
独立主格结构,在句中作状语。用 settled 表示已经解决了的问题;用 being
settled 表示正在被解决的问题;用 to be settled
表示将要被解决的问题。
而此处的 to settle 是用来作定语修饰前面的
problems。 另外还要注意一下
分词的独立主格结构的基本用法。 C
2010年高考语法复习系列十四 反意问句
及倒装句 1、祈使句的反意问句; 2、I think
+宾语从句的反意问句; 3、主
从复合句的反意问句; 4、表示判断的情态动词构成的反
意疑问句。 反
意问句考点分析 考题点击: 1、I don’t suppose anyone
will volunteer,
_______? 01 上海 A. do
I B. don’t I C. will they D.
won’t they
2、Brian told you that there wasn’t anyone in the
room at
that time, ________? 02 上海春季
A. was there B. wasn’
t there C. didn’t he
D. did he 3、There is no light in the dormitory.
They must have gone to the lecture,
_______? (04上海春季) A.
didn't they B. don'
t they C. mustn't they D. haven' t they 4、---
Alice, you feed the bird today, _________?
--- But I fed it
yesterday. 99 NMET
A. do you B. will you
C. didn’t you
D.
don’t you C C D B 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren’t I.
I’m as tall as your sister,aren’t I? 2
陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑
问部分要用 may +主语。
I wish
to have a word with you, may I? 陈述部分用 no, nothing,
nobody,
never, few, seldom, hardly,
rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分
用肯定含义。
The
Swede made no answer, did he she? Some plants
never blown 开
花 , do they ? 4 含有ought to
的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯 定的,
疑问部分用 shouldn’t
oughtn’t +主语。
He ought to know what to do,
oughtn’t he? shouldn’t he? 5 陈述部
分有have to
+v. had to + v. ,疑问部分常用don’t +主语(didn’t +主
语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don’t
we? 6 陈述部分的谓语是
used to 时,疑问部分用didn’t +主语或
usedn’t +主语。
He used to take pictures there,
didn’t usedn’t he? 7 陈述部分有 had
better + v.
疑问句部分用 hadn’t you?
You’d better read it by
yourself, hadn’t you? 8 陈述部分有would rather
+v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn’t +主语。
He would rather
read it ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he? 9
陈
述部分有You’d like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn’t +主语。
You’d like to go with me, wouldn’t you? 10
陈述部分有must 的疑问
句,疑问部分根据 实际情况而定。
He
must be a doctor, isn’t he?
You must have
studied English for three years, haven’t
you?
He must have finished it yesterday,
didn’t he? 11 感叹句中,疑问部分
用be +主语。
What colours, aren’t they?
What a
smell, isn’t it? 12 陈述部分由 neither… nor, either…
or 连
接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you
nor I am engineer, are we? 13
陈述部分主语是指示代词或不
定代词 that, everything, nothing,
this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn’t
it? 陈述部分为主语从句或并列句,疑问部分
有三种情况: a.
并列句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近分句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been
to Beijing for several times, he should have
been in China now, shouldn’t he? b.
带有定语从句,宾语从句的
主从复合句, 疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
He
is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He
said he wanted to visit Japan, didn’t he? c.
上述部分如果主句主
语是第一人称而谓语是 think, believe, expect,
suppose, imagine 等引导的
宾语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don’t think he is bright, is he?
We
believe she can do it better, can’t she? 15
陈述部分主语是不
定代词 everybody, anyone, somebody,
nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复
数they,有时也用单数 he。
Everyone knows the answer, don’t they? does he?
Nobody knows about it, do they? does he?
16 带情态动词 dare 或
need 的反意疑问句,疑 问部分常用
need dare +主语。
We need not do it again,
need we ?
He dare not say so, dare
you?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn’t dare to go home alone, does she? 17
省去主语的祈使
句的反意疑问句,疑问部 分用will you。
Don’t
do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you
won’t you ?
注意: Let’s 开头的祈使句,后用 shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you?
Let’s go and
listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for
you in the reading-room, will you ? 18
陈述部分是“there
be”结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn’t
there?
There will not be any trouble, will
there? 19 否定前缀不能视为否
定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It
is impossible, isn’t it?
He is not unkind
to his classmates, is he? 20
must在表“推测”
时,根据其推测的情况 来确定反意疑问句。
He must
be there now, isn’t he?
It must be going to
rain tomorrow, won’t it? 考题点击1: I finally
got
the job I dreamed about. Never in all my life
_____ so happy. 2000
北京春季 A. did I feel
B. I felt C. I had felt D. had I felt
D
解析:含有否定意义的词放在句首,句子要采用部分倒装的形式,据此排除B、
C
两项。句意要求用过去完成时。 考题点击2: ______ can you expect to
get
a pay rise. 01北京春季 A. With hard work
B. Although work
hard C. Only with hard work
D. Now that he works hard C 解析:
can you
expect … 是倒装句,此处四个选项中只有 Only + 状语开头的句子才
需倒装。以
so; such; only 加状语或状语从句开头的句子要倒装。 考题点击
3: The
doctor opened the door and _____ the room _____ a
boy with a
ball in his hand. A. into … comes
B. into … came C.
in … enters
D. in … entered B 解析:表示趋向性
的介词或副词短语置于句首时,句子
要全部倒装,即谓语动词与主语完全倒置。
此种倒装需要注意两点: 1 主语必须是名词; 2
动词没有进行时。 另外在
复习过程中还需要注意虚拟倒装句及让步倒装句: 1、What
would have happened,
_____ as far as the river
bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if
Bob should walk farther C. had Bob walked
farther D. if Bob walked
farther 2.
______, he seems to know everything in the city.
A. Young
although the boy is B. A boy
though he is C. Boy as he is D.
Young
as is the boy C C 2010年高考语法复习 名词性从句 用于现在完成时
的句型
1)It is the first second time….
that…结构中的从句部分,用
现在完成时。
It is the first
time that I have visited the city.
It was
the third time that the boy had been late.
注意比较 It’
s time that … 结构: It is high
time that we went to school.
2)This is the…
that…结构,that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the
best film that I’ve ever seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time that
I’ve heard him sing.
这是我第一次听他唱歌。
典型例题
1 --- Do you know our town at all?
--- No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am
coming 2 --- Have
you ____ been to our
town before?
--- No, it’s the first time I
___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have
come C. ever, come
D. ever, have
come
注意:非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作
不发生的状态是可以持续的。
(错)I have received his letter for a month.
(对)I haven't received his letter for almost a
month. B D 2、过去时
高考题点击: 1. --- Nancy is not
coming tonight. --- But she _____!
98
N A. promises B. promised C. will promise D.
had promised
2. My uncle _____ until he was
forty-five. 2000 上海 A. married
B.
didn’t marry C. was not marrying D. would
marry
说明:Nancy 答应要来这个动作应该发生在过去,是过去作出的承诺。
说明:
until 用在肯定句中时,主句的动词必须是延续性动词,表示该动作一直持续到
until
后的时间为止;短暂性动词只能用在否定句中,表示直到此时该动作才开
始。本题中
marry 是短暂性动词,所以只能用在否定句中。 B B 3. --- You
haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda.
Do you like
it? N2002 ---
I’m sorry I _______ anything about it sooner. I
certainly think it’s pretty on you.
A. wasn’t saying
B. don’t say C. won’t say D.
didn’t say 说明:本题的干扰源来自
上下文中的时态,上文用的是现在完成时,下文用的是
一般现在时,所以有些人
就误以为此处该用现在时态了。但根据说话人的意思不难发现,没有说出自己的
评价是在这段对话以前的事了,所以要用一般过去时。 D 4. As she ____ the
newspaper, Granny ____ asleep. 95 N A.
read … was falling
B. was reading … fell
C. was reading … was falling D. read …
fell
5. The manager had fallen asleep where he ______,
without
undressing. (05安徽卷) A. was
laying B. was lying C. had laid D.
had lied
说明:一般来说在复合句中的两个动作,延续性的动作大都用进
行时,短暂性的动词用一般时,表示在某
个动作进行的过程当中另一个动作发生
了。 说明:该题的意思为“经理躺在那儿睡着了,衣服也没脱”
。“躺”是一个
不及物动词,其过去式和过去分词为“lay; lain”。lay
是及物动词,过去式和
过去分词为 laid;lied 是“说谎”的过去式和过去分词。 B B
6. The little
girl ____ her heart out because
she ____ her toy bear and believed
she
wasn’t ever going to find it. 02 北京 A. had
cried, lost
B. cried, had lost C. has
cried, has lost D. cries, has lost
7. ―
Hurry up! Alice and Sue are waiting for you at the
school
gate. ― Oh! I thought they ______
without me. 05江西
卷 ?A.went ?B.are
going ?C.have gone ?D.had gone 说明:哭得伤
心发生在过去
,而丢玩具熊发生在哭之前。两个发生在过去的动作,之前发生的
用过去完成时,之后发生的用一般过去
时。 说明:“他没叫我就走了”这个动作
明显发生在“我认为”之前。所以必须用过去完成时。 B
D 3、将来时 高考题
点击: 1. If a man _____ succeed, he
must work as hard as he can.
95 上海
A. will B. is to C. is going to D. should
2. --- You’ve left the light on. --- Oh,
so I have. _____ and turn
it off. 2000 N
A. I’ll go B. I’ve gone C. I go D. I’m
going
说明:此句的意思为“如果一个人想要成功,就必须尽力而为”。If
引导
的是条件状语从句,不能用将来时。而 be to
结构虽然表示将来的动作,但它
不属于将来时。 说明:本句的重点是“并行结构”,关键是看后面的
turn,所
以B、C、D、都不符合。 B A 3. By the time Jane
gets home, her aunt _______for
London to
attend a meeting. 05天津卷 A. will leave
leaves
B.
C. will have left D.
left 4. We were all surprised when
he
made it clear that he _____ office soon. 93
N A. leaves
B. would leave C. left D. had
left 说明:that 引导的宾
语从句中的动作“离职”应该发生在“were
surprised” 之后,故需用过去将
来时。 C B 说明:by the time 表示“
到……为止”“在……之前”,如果主句
的动作发生在过去,一般需要用过去完成时;如果是将来,就需
用将来完成时。
4、状语从句中的时态问题 高考题点击: 1. --- Can I join
the club, Dad?
--- You can when you _____
a bit older. 94 N A. get B.
get C. are
getting
will
D. will have got 2. In such
dry weather, the
flowers will have to
be watered if they _____. 2001上海 A.
have survived B. are to survive C. would
survive D. will
survive
说明:时间状语从句中没有将来时,需用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
说明:条件状语从句中不用将来时,但 be to 结构不属于将来时态形式。 A B 3.
He will have learned English for eight years
by the time he _____
from the university
next year. 2002上海 A. will graduate
will
have graduated C. graduates
B.
D.
is to graduate 4.
It ____ long before we
____ the result of the experiment.
2002
上海春季 A. will not be, will know
not be, know
B. is, will know C. will
D. is, know 说明:by the time
引导的是时间状语从
句,故不能使用将来时。D选项虽可考虑,但 be to
结构大多用来表示“义务、
决定、职责、约定”等,与句意不合。 说明:before
引导的是时间状语从句,
无将来时,而主句应该用将来时。 C C 5、祈使句中的动词问题
高考题点击: 1.
_____ it with me and I’ll see what I
can do. 98 N A. When left
B. Leaving C.
If you leave D. Leave 2. _____ some of this juice
---
B. Tryperhaps you’ll like it. 2000
北京春季 A. Trying
C. To try D. Have tried
3. _____ at the door before entering,
C.
Knocking D. please. 01 北京春季 A. knocked B.
To knock
Knock 4. _____ blood if you can and
many lives will be saved. 2001
上海 A.
Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give D B D B
6、几种时
态的替代问题 A:一般现在时代替将来时 : 除了在时间、条件、让步
状语从句中用一般现在时代替将来时外,表示现在已安排好的未来事项,行程等
活动也用一般现在时来代替将来时。如:
The museum opens at ten
tomorrow. 博物馆明天10点开门。 实际上每天
如此。 B:一般现在时代替完成时:
句型 “It is … since…”代
替“It has been … since …”
It is has been five years since we
last met C:一般现在时
代替进行时:
在全部倒装句中都用一般现在时代替现在进行时。如:
Look, here
comes Mr. Li. 06年高考语法复习 被 动 语 态 高考题点击: 1.
I
need one more stamp before my collection _____.
94 N A. has
completed B. completes C.
has been completed D. is
completed 2.
Cleaning women in big cities usually get _____ by
the hour.
98 N A. pay B. paying C.
paid D. to pay 说明:集邮册只能被
完成,且在 before
从句中没有将来时,故只能选D。
说明:该句的意思为“在
大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。 D
C 3.
Books of this kind _____ well. 99 上海
A. sell B. sells C.
are sold D. is sold
4. Hundreds of jobs _____ if the factory closes.
01 北京春 A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost
D. will lose
说明:sell
既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词,当用作“销售情况如何”时,
sell
为不及物动词,故没有被动语态。 类似的词还有:wash, translate, write
等。 说明:lose job 为“失业”,job 只能被失去,且动作应该发生在将来。 A
B 5. A new cinema _____ here. They hope to
finish it next month.
2001 北京春季
A. will be built
built
B. is built
C. has been
D. is being built 6. The new
suspension bridge _____ by the
end of
last month. 2001上海 A. has been
designed B. had
been designed C. was
designed D. would be designed
说明:从后
句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现在进行时态的被动语态的动词形
式。
说明:by the end of 短语一般都与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。 D B 7.
This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He
_____ trying to save
a child in the
earthquake. 2002 北京春季 A. killed B. is
killed
C. was killed D. was killing 8. I
feel it is your husband who
______ for the
spoiled child. 2002上海 A. is to blame
B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed
D. should blame
说明:不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽,在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在
过去。
说明:be to blame 是固定结构,不能用被动语态。该句是一个强调句
型。 C A 9.
Rainforests _____ and burned at such a speed that
they will
disappear from the earth in
the near future. 2002上海春季 A. cut
B.
are cut C. are being cut D. had been
cut 说明:该句的意
思为“雨林正在以如此快的速度被砍伐和烧毁以至于在不久的将来它们就会消<
br>失。”从语境中可以看出应该使用现在进行时。况且进行时可以表达出说话人的
一种特殊的情感。
说话人是想呼吁人们停止乱砍乱烧雨林,给人们提出的一种警
告。 C 2010年高考语法复习
非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词的考点 1、谓语动词
与非谓语动词的区别; 2、非谓语动词作定语;
3、非谓语动词作主语和表语;
4、非谓语动词作宾语; 5、非谓语动词作宾补;
6、非谓语动词作状语; 7、
非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。 二、非谓语动词的句法功能
不 定 式
主语 宾语 表语 宾补 定语 状语 动 名 词 主语 宾语 表语 定语 分 词
表语
宾补 定语 状语 三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 高考题点击: 1.
“Can’t
you read?” Mary said _____ to the
notice. 93 N A. angrily pointing
B. and
point angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily
pointing 2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a
golden carriage ____ the
girl and took her
away, ____ into the woods. (04上海春季) A.
seizing.., disappeared B. seized..,
disappeared C. seizing,
disappearing
D. seized, disappearing 两个动作之间用 and
连
接称为并列谓语,并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性,故B、D皆错;不
用 and
连接时称之为状语,只能用非谓语动词作状语,故C错。 seized 和 took
是并列谓语,disappearing 是伴随状语。此题的关键是and 的位置,如果 and
在 disappear 前,则三个动词并列。 A D 四、非谓语动词作主语和表语
高考
题点击: 1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and
_____. 01 上海 A.
he’d like to collect
coins as well B. he feels like collecting
coins,
too C. to collect coins is also his
hobby D. collecting coins also
gives him
great pleasure 2. It’s necessary to be
prepared for a job
interview. ____ the answers
ready will be of great help. 05北京卷
A.
To have had B. Having had C. Have D.
Having 在 and 连接的并
列句中,两个主语最好要保持一致的形式。动名词
fishing 和 collecting
coins
分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好,集邮也给
他带来极大的乐趣。” D D
非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题:第一
是并行结构问题,如:Seeing is
believing. To see is to believe. 第二
需要注意一些结构:
A 在 It’s no use good; value; importance
等结构
中只用动名 词作主语。如:It’s no use
quarrelling with such a fellow .
注意比较:There’s no need to tell him about it. B
在 It’s + adj. 结
构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型: It’s
easy difficult, hard,
important, possible,
impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
the first, the next, the last, the best,
too much, too little, not
enough 后加 for sb.
to do It’s kind nice, stupid, rude, clever,
foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave,
considerate 考虑周到的 ,
silly, selfish
自私的 后加 of sb. to do 3. The purpose of new
technologies is to make life easier, _____
it more difficult. 99
N A. not make B.
not to make C. not making D. do not make
B 动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及 not to make it
more difficult
都作 purpose 的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特 别注意
两个问题,一是并行结
构问题,二是时间问题。一般来说,不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来,故<
br>在表示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。动名
词作表语一般用来
表示“身份、职业”等。 另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分
词作表语的区别。 五、非谓语动词作定语
高考题点击: 1. The flowers ____
sweet in the
botanic garden attract the visitors to the
beauty of
nature. (04上海) A. to smell
B. smelling C. smelt
D. to be smelt
2. A man is being questioned in relation to the
________ murder last night. (04江苏) A.
advised B.
attended C. attempted
D. admitted 该题的谓语动词是 attract,
“闻起来很香”用来作定语修饰
主语 flowers。 B C
“谋杀”只能被预谋,故
该用过去分词作定语表示被动。 3. The
picture _____ on the wall is painted
by my
nephew. 00 北京春季 A. having hung B.
hanging C.
hangs D. being hung 4. There
are five pairs _____, but I’m at a loss
which
to buy. 99 上海 A. to be chosen
C.
to choose
B. to choose from
D. for
choosing B B hang 作及物动词用时
表示人为的“挂”;作不及物动词用时
表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang
为不及物动 词,所以用现在分词作定语。
动词不定式 to choose from 和 to
choose 都可以作定语,问题 是
to choose 作定语时该名词是 choose 的对象;
to choose from
作定语时,该名词是 choose 的范围。该题指的是范围.
非谓
语动词作定语时要注意以下区别: 分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的
主谓关系;
动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义; 不定式作定语时要注意
以下一些固定结构: 在
time, chance, right 等名词后; 在序数词后; 在 wish,
need,
demand, requirement …等词后。 D
表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语
时的用法: done 表示已经完成的动作
to be done 表示尚未开始
的动作 being done
表示正在进行之中的动作 六、非谓语动词作宾补 高
考题点击: The boy wanted
to ride his bicycle in the street, but his
mother told him _____. 95 N A. not to B.
not to do C. not to
it D. do not to A
为了避免重复,常用省略形式 to 来代替前面的
动作。如:Would you like to
visit our school? Yes, I’d like to.
有些
动词后面需要用不定式作宾补,除 tell 外,常见的还 有:advise allow
cause consider encourage forbid force
intend order permit
persuade remind
request require urge warn ask
wish want 等 特别注意: hope, agree,
demand, suggest 等没有宾补。
2. Paul doesn’t have to
be made _____. He always works hard. 95
N A. learn B. to learn C. learned D.
learning 3. A computer
does only what
thinking people ___. 99 上海 A. have it do
B. have it done C. have done it D.
having it done 使
役动词 make have let sb.
do sth. 但改为被动语态后, 则应为:be made
let to
do。注意其它不带 to 的动词不定 式的用法。 此句中的 it 指代的
是 a
computer,what 在从句中作 do 的宾语,表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应
该用
…people have a computer do …这一结构。需要注意的是 have
的几个
常用结构:have sb. sth. do… have sb.
sth. done …; have
sb. sth. doing …;
have sb. sth. to do B A 4. The managers discussed
the plan that they would like to see_____ the
next year. 00 N A.
carry out B.
carrying out C. carried out D. to
carry
out 5. The missing boys were last seen ___ near
the river. 94
N A. playing B. to be
playing C. play D. to play that
引导
的是定语从句,修饰 plan,在从句中作 see 的宾 语。因此从句中的结构应为
see the plan carried out。特别注 意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。
感
官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式,则表示一个完整的动
作;若用现在分词,则
表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解 为正在进行的动作。 C A
七、非谓语动词作
宾语 高考题点击: 1. We agreed _____ here
but so far she hasn’t turned
up yet.
95 N A. having met B. meeting C. to meet
D.
to have met 2. I’ve worked with children
before, so I know what _____
to
my new job. 00 N A. expected B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects C B
注意1:仅带不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, refuse,
offer,
promise, decide, determine, intend, manage,
fail, hope,
expect, long, wish, tend,
desire, plan, pretend, 等; 注意2:动
词 know, show
等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。 Though working from morning
till night, his father didn’t get enough food.
Although his father worked
from morning till
night, he didn’t get enough food.
虽然他父亲从早到
晚拼命地干活,但是他还是挣不到足够的吃的。 5. 作伴随状语
置于句首或句
末。如: They came into the classroom,
singing and laughing.
They sang
and laughed; they came into the classroom.
他们又唱又笑地走进教室。 When working in the factory, he
was an advanced
worker. When he worked in
the factory, he was an advanced worker. 注
意:
1. -ing短语与when, while, though, until,
if等连词连用时,相当于
这些连词引导的一个从句。如: Though willing to
attend the party, he
refused the invitation.
Though he was willing to attend the party, he
refused the invitation. While staying in
Beijing, he came to see me twice.
While he
was staying in Beijing, he came to see me twice.
If playing all
day, you will waste your
valuable time. If you play all day, you will
waste your valuable time. Though raining
heavily, it cleared
up very soon.
Though it was raining heavily, it cleared up
very soon.
2. 动词-
ing形式在句中作状语时,其逻辑主语与主句的主语保持一致。如:
He
traveled on the plane like this, keeping the
tortoise hidden in a
blanket.
When he traveled on the plane like this, he kept
the
tortoise hidden in a blanket. 1. a.
Hearing the news, tears ran down her
face.
b. Hearing the news, she cried out sadly. 2. a.
Entering
the classroom, I found nobody in it.
b. Entering the classroom, nobody
was found in
it. Choose the correct sentence. 3. a. Looking out
through
the window, the garden was beautiful.
b. Looking out through the
window, we saw a
beautiful garden. 4. a. Reading the evening
newspaper,
a dog started barking. b. I was
reading the evening newspaper when
a dog
started barking. 5. a. Being fine, we will have
the sports meeting
next week. b. It being
fine, we will have the sports meeting next week.
-ing形式的否定式为在其前面加not。 如: He sat there, not
knowing what
to say. 1. Their car was caught
in a traffic jam, thus ____ the delay.
A. to cause B. causing
C. caused
D. cause 2. One by
one Peter sold his bits and pieces, ____ only a
mite
of their worth. A. getting B. got
C. to get D. get Exercise 3.
After seeing
the movie, _____.
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