高中英语语法-虚拟语气全总结-排版

虚拟语气在非真实条件句中

从句
与现在事 实相
If +主语+助动词的过去 式
反的 假设
与过去事 实相
反的 假设
If +主语+had+过去分词
(were, did, had)
主句
主语+
shouldwouldcouldmight+
动词原形
主语+
shouldwouldcouldmight
+have+过 去分词
例句
If I had time, I would attend the meeti ng.
If I were you, I should seize the opport
unity to go abroad.
If you had taken my advice, you would
not have failed in the exam.
If you came tomorrow, we would have
① If+主语+动词过去式
与将来事 实相
反的 假设
②
形
③
If+主语+were to+动词原
主语+
shouldwouldcouldmight+
If+主语+should+动词原
动词原形
the meeti ng.
If it were to rain tomorrow, we would put
off the sports meeti ng.
If he should not come tomorrow, we
should put off the meeting till next Mo
nday.
形(注意不能是 would)
① 错综时间条件句
：
当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为错综时间条件句，动词 的形式要根据它
表示的时间作出相应的调整。如：
If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college stude nt now.
② if省略句
在条件句中可以省略if,把were, had, should提到句首，变成倒装句式。如：
If I were at school again, I would study harder.
f
Were I at school agan, I would study harder.
如果我还有上学的机会，我会更加努力学习。
If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus.
f
Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus.
如果你来得早点，你就能赶上公共汽车。
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
f
Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.
如果明天下雨的话，我们就不能登山去了。
③ 用介词代替条件状语从句
常用的介词有 with, without, but for。如：
What would you do with a milli on dollars? (=if you had a milli on dollars)
如果你有100万元，你会做什么？
We couldn ' t have finished the work ahead of time without your help. (=if we hadn
没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
Without your help, we couldn
=But for your help, …
…
…
' t have finished the work ahead of time.
your help) ' t got
=If it had not bee n for your help,
=Had it not bee n for you help,
没有你的帮助，我们不可能提前完成这项工作。
④ 含畜条件句
有时在虚拟语气中并不总是出现

if引导的条件句，而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如：

I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting. ( 副
W
)
英语

He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.( 连词)
A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定语从句)
I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.(连词)
Everything taken into consideration, they would have raised their output quickly.( 独立主格结构 ) ⑤even if, even though
也可用于虚拟语气，其形式与 if从句在虚拟语气中的形式相同。
虚拟语气( 2)――虚拟语气在名
一
词
一
从
名词
句
从
中
句
1.在由 suggest, dema nd, require, request, i nsist, order, comma nd, propose等 表示建议、请求、命令、愿望 等动词或
其同根词引出的名词从句中，名词从句虚拟句的谓语变化的形式只有一条规律
虚拟句无论其主句的谓语动词时何种形式，从句的谓语形式均为
省去。(特别提醒：不是用 would,而是用should。)
常见的这类动词有
：
ask要求,advise, beg, suggest建
议,comma nd 命令,dema nd 要求，request 请求
，
in
sist, require 要求,order 下令,propose, advice,
recommend, intend, prefer 宁愿,permit, persuade,
expect, decide 决定,instruct, object, determine, urge,
appoint 等等
在It iswas +上述动词的- ed形式+that从句中
It is suggested by the doctor that I should give up
smoking.医生建议我戒烟。
My suggesti on is that we (should) set out tomorrow
当上述动词以其名词形式出现，并且被用作主语， 引导
一个表语从句或者同位语从句时

should+动词原形，其中should可以
Our teacher suggested that we (should) not leave the
classroom.老师建议我们不要离开教室。
He in sisted that she do it right now. 他坚持她马上 就
做。
morning.我建议我们明早动身。
The suggestion that the sports meeting (should) put
off
2.
在 It is was necessary, important等形容词 +that 从句
中，常见的 这类形容词有:n ecessary, importa nt, esse
ntial, vital, advisable, urge nt, desirable, n atural,
strange, imperative 等
在 It is a pity (a shame, no wonder)+that 从句中

It is necessary that you should attend the meeting. 你
有必要参加会议。
It is imperative that you arrive there in time. 你必 须
按时到达那儿。
It is a pity that you fail the exam. It is no won der he
be late for class.
I wish I were a little younger. 我布望我冃能够
年轻一点。
I wish I had been there.我真布望我当时在 那
虚拟语气(3)――虚拟语气的其他用法
对现在的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去时
在wish后面
对过去的虚拟，从句的谓语动词用过去完 成时
里。
I wish I had not atte nded that party. 我真希
望我当时没参加那个聚会。
对将来的虚拟，从句的谓语用
“ wouldcould+动词原形”
表示但愿”，要是……就好了 ”用法和 wish
基本相同，只是比 wish具有更强烈 的感情色
彩。
的宾语从句 中
(had done)或 wouldcould+现在元成 时”
I wish he could expla in what he means.
If only the rain would stop.(对将来的虚拟) 但
在if only感叹
句中

愿雨能停。
If only I were taller.(对现在的虚拟)我的个 子
要是能高一点就好了。
If only 1 had followed your advice!( 对过去
英语

的虚拟）要是我听从了你的建议就好了！
I really don kethle way you are speak ing
表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有所 怀疑，
to me. It seems as if you were my father. 我
谓语用过去时
在 as ifas
though引导的
表示与过去事实相反，谓语用过去完成时
从句中
真的非常讨厌你和我说话的方式。你听起 来就
好像是我爸爸。
He kept telling us what had happened as if he
had been there himself.他不停地和我们讲 发
生的事情，好像他当时在场一样。
It is becoming dark. It looks as if it
有时也用陈述语气，这时表示较大的真实 性或
to rain.天变黑了，似乎就要下雨了。
可能性
It seems as if he had been to America. 他好
'
s goi
ng
像去过美国。
I would rather go there tomorrow. 我想明天 去
would rather do sth.表示将来或现在的事 件，
主语宁愿自己做某事”
would rather have done sth. 表示过去的事
在
那里。
He would rather not stay at home tonight. 他
今晚不想在家呆着。
would
件，主语宁愿自己过去做了某事，但实 际上没
她觉得真是不该去参加那个晚会。
有做”
rather结构中
Don' tome tomorrow. I ' dather you came
would rather sb. Did 表示的是将来或现在 的事
next weeke nd.明天就别来了，我布望你下 周
件，主语宁愿让另外一个人做某事 ”
末过来。
would rather sb. had done 表示过去的事
I would rather you had returned the book
件，主语宁愿别人过去做了某事，但实 际上没
yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
有做”
在 It is
（about, high）
从句中用过去时，表示早该做而未做的 事，并
time+（that）从
含有建议的意味。
句中
练习题
1. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.

bee n, would have preve nted bee n, would preve nt
, would preve nt
not, could have climbed
not bee n, could have climbed
A. is
A. has come
A. breaks
A. had scored
B. will be
B. did come
B. has broke n
B. scored
, would have preve nted
not, could climb
not bee n, could climb
C. would have bee n
C. came
C. were broke n
C. would score
D. would be
D. had come
D. had bee n broke n
D. would have scored
2. If it ____ for the snow, we ____ the mountain yesterday.
It is high time that we began to work. 咱们 应
该开始干活了。
She would rather not have gone to the party.
3. Without electricity（电）human life ____ quite difficult today.
4. I did n 'see your sister at the meet in g, if she ___ , she would have met my brother.
5. When the pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____ .
6. He hesitated（犹豫） for a moment before kicking（踢）the ball. Otherwise he _ a goal.
英语