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省略句
为了使话说得简明扼要,英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去
。
这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象,称为省略(ellipsis)
种类
例句 说明
Beautiful day (= It is a beautiful
有时也可省略整个句子的主
主语的省略
day), isn’t it?
语和谓语,只保留次要成分。
Pity we live so far from the
sea. (It
She was poor but (she was)
is a
pity we live so far from the sea.)
honest.
--what do you think made Mary so
--Did you
know anything
about the accident?
--Not
until you told me. (= I
didn’t know anything
about it
until you told me.)
谓语的省略
upset?
--Losing her new bicycle (made
Mary so upset).
Seen from the plane (when
it is seen
from the plane), the house looks
like
状语从句的省略
tiny toys.
If (it is)
possible, I’ll go there with
you.
注意状语从句中的主语
同主句主语的一致性。
若不定式后面是完成时,
The boy wanted to ride his
bicycle
in the street, but his mother told him
not to. (not to ride his bicycle in the
不定式的省略
street.)
--Alice, why didn’t
you come
yesterday?
--I was going to (come
yesterday),
but I had an unexpected visitor.
省略时应保留have;不定
式后含有动词be的结构
时,也要保留be动词。
--Did you tell him the
news?
--I ought
to have (told him
the news), but I didn’t
know how to speak.
--Are you an engineer?
--No, but I want to be.
Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法
一、 如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,
且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式
(amisarewaswere),可同时省略从句的主语和b
e动词的某种形式。
1、 when,while引导的时间状语从句
e.g. Do
be careful when (you are) crossing the street.
WhenWhile (I was) on my way to work, I met
her.
2、 if,unless,once引导的条件状语从句
e.g. If
(it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to
the environment.
I’ll not go to the party
unless (I am) invited.
Once (you are)
caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be
punished.
3、 though,although,whether,no matter
whetherwhathowwho等引导的
让步状语从句
e.g. He was
happy, thoughalthough (he was) poor.
Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always
cheerful.
No matter howHowever hard the
task (is), we must fulfill it in
time.
(注:从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,只省略从句中的be动词形式)
4、
as if,as though引导的方式状语从句
e.g. He rubbed his
eyes and yawned as ifthough (he was) waking up
after a
long sleep.
He stood up as
ifthough (he wanted) to leave.(as ifthough + to
do表示
一个将来的动作)
二、 than,as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用
法:当不同的主语进行比较时,
一般省略从句中的谓语;当从句中的主语与谓语(be动词除外)和主句
中
的主语与谓语相同时,通常省略从句中的主语和谓语,只保留比较部分。
e.g. He
is taller than his brother (is).
I have as
much as confidence in you as (I have confidence)
in him.
三、
以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了it is,that is,
there
isare。
e.g. If (it is) possiblenecessary, this
old temple will be rebuilt.
If (that is)
so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.
There
are only a few books in our school library, if
(there are) any.
Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法
关系词的省略 关系代词that,which,whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语
且不位于介词之后时,可以省略;in
which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从
句时可省略。
e.g. The
man (thatwhowhom) you visited last night is my
grandpa.
I don’t like the way (in
whichthat) you treat the girl.
Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略
1、
当条件状语从句中有were,had,should等时省略if,把它们提至句首,形
成倒装句。
e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict
with my students.
= Were I a teacher, I
would be strict with my students.
2、 Suggest,i
nsist,order,require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句
中,谓语动词常用
―should+动词原形‖,should可以省略。
e.g. The doctor
suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.
Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略
1、 感官动词see,hear,fee
l,watch等和使役动词have,make,let等后接不定
式作宾语时,不定式省略to。(
一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let,
make,
四看see, look at, observe, watch)
2、 do nothing but,can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。
E.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home
watching TV yesterday.
Hearing the news,
she couldn’t help but cry.
3、 在特定语境中为了避免重复,当不定
式再次出现时,在want,wish,hope,
try,plan,like,love,hate
后往往只保留to,而省略后面的动词。但不定式
后有be,have时,也保留be和have。
E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to
college, but I didn’t want to.
Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略
用于避免重复前面所说过的内容,替代词sono
t替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。
可与believe,do,expect,fear,guess,
hope,say,speak,suppose,think,I’m
afraid等连用
e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend
the meeting? – I suppose not.
Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略
在情景会话中,答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或
宾语部分,而只保留对方希望了
解的内容。在复合句或并列句中,也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。
e.g. – How many copies do you want? -- (I
want) Three copies, please.
-- Have you
ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have)
never (been to the Great Wall).
随讲随练1、—Lucy,could you please spare me a few
minutes?
—____,but I hope
A. It
doesn't matter B. That's kind of you
C. I'm afraid not D. I guess so
2、—Hey,taxi!
—_____
—I want to go to the dentist's.
A. Good
morning, sir. B. Nice to see you, sir.
C. Where to, sir? D. What are you going
to do, sir?
3、The doctor expresses his strong
desire that the patient _____ immediately.
A.
be operated on B. operated on
C. was
operated on D. would be operated on
4、When
he came back, he found the bag he had ____ over
the seat was gone.
A. left to hang B. left
hanging C. left hung D. to leave hanging
5、Liu Xiang spoke slowly to the Special
Olympic competitors so as to have
them____.
A. understand him B. to be understood
C. be understood D. to understand him
6、—Are there any English story books for us
students in the library?
—There are only
a few, ____.
A. if any B. if have C. if
some D. if has
8、—Does Betty know where
her violin is?
—She saw somebody walking
off with one, but she doesn't know____.
A.
whose B. it C. whom D. which
9、—Aren't you the manager?
—No, and I
____.
A. don't want B. don't want to
C. don't want to be D. don't
10、—How are you getting on with your
work?
—Oh, I'm sorry. Things aren't
going so well as____.
A. plans B. planning
C. planned D. to plan
11、—What's the
matter with you?
—I didn't pass the
test, but I still____.
A. hope so B. hope
to C. hope it D. hope that
12、The
doctor did what he could ___ the boy, but in vain.
A. save B. to save C. saving D.
saved
13、—You look happy today, Mary.
—I like my new dress and Mother ___, too.
A.
likes B. does C. is D. do
14、—What happened to the boy? He was making so
much noise.
—He wanted to play
football, but his mother warned him ____.
A.
not B. to C. not to D.
15、____
for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr.
Wang.
A. If it is not B. Were it
not
C. Had it not been D. If they
were not
省略句练习
1. When first ________
to the market, these products enjoyed great
success.
(NMET 2004全国卷II)
A.
introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being
introduced
2. It shames me to say it, but I
told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my
boss. (NMET 2004全国卷IV)
A. questioning
B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be
questioned
3. The man we followed suddenly
stopped and looked as if ________ whether he
was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003
安徽春)
A. seeing B. having seen C. to have
seen D. to see
4. Generally speaking,
________ according to the directions, the drug has
no
side effect. (NMET2003上海卷)
A. when
taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be
taken
5. Unless ________ to speak, you
should remain silent at the conference.
(NMET
2003上海春)
A. invited B. inviting C. being
invited D. having invited
6. When ________
, the museum will be open to the public next year.
(NMET
2002上海春)
A. completed B.
completing C. being completed D. to be completed
7. Though ________ money, his parents man-
aged to send him to university.
(NMET 2002上海卷)
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked
in
8. The research is so designed that once
________ nothing can be done to change
it.
(NMET 2002)
A. begins B. having begun C.
beginning D. begun
9. —You 're always
working. Come on, let's go shopping.
—
________ you ever want to do is going shopping.
(NMET 2002北京、安徽、
内蒙古春)
A.
Anything B. Something C. All D. That
10. Is
this the reason ________ at the meeting for his
carelessness in his
work?(NMET 2002上海春)
A. he explained
B. what he explained
C. how he explained
D. why he explained
11. What surprised me was not what he said
but ________ he said it. (NMET
2004湖北卷)
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the
way which
12. It is easy to do the repair.
________ you need is a hammer and some nails.
(NMET 2004天津卷)
A. Something B. All C.
Both D. Everything
13. That's an unpleasant
thing to say about your father after ________ he's
done
for you. (NMET 2004全国卷)
A.
something B. anything C. all D. that
14. As
you've never been there before, I'll have someone
________ you the way.
(MET 1990上海卷)
A.
to show B. show C. showing D. showed
15.
—I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind
looking after my cat?
—Not at all, ________
. (NMET 1995)
A. I have no time B. I'd
rather not C. I'd like it D. I'd be happy to
16. —Does your brother intend to study German?
—Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)
A. B. to C. so D. that
17. —Would
you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me
tonight?
— ________ . (NMET 1999上海卷)
A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand Theatre
B. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrow
C. No, I won't
D. That's right
18. —You should have thanked her before you left.
—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I
couldn't find her anywhere.
(NMET 2000北京春招卷)
A. to do B. to C. doing D. doing to
19.
________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put
off the visit to the Yangpu
Bridge. (NMET
1994上海卷)
A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will
20. ________ for the free tickets, I would
not have gone to the films so often.
(NMET
1995上海卷)
A. If it is not B. Were C. Had it
not been D. If they were not
21. I will know
what was on his mind at the time, nor will
________ . (NMET 2004
江苏卷)
A. anyone B.
anyone else C. no one D. no one else
22. Of
the making of good books there is no end; neither
________ any end to
their influence on man's
lives. (NMET 2004 广东卷)
A. there is B. there
are C. is there D. are there
23. —I would
never come to this restaurant again. The food is
terrible!
— ________ . (NMET 2004全国卷III)
A. Nor am I B. Neither would I C. Same with
me D. So do I
Keys:
1—5 BCDBA 6—10 AADCA
11—15 AACBD 16—20 BBBBC 21—23 BCB
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