稗官野史的意思-滞后是什么意思
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2019年高中英语语法知识点总结归纳
第1章
主谓一致
一.概念:
主谓一致是指:
1)
语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2)
意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式
一致。
3)
就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。
例如:
There
is much water in the thermos.
但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数
形式。例如:
Ten
thousand tons of coal were produced last year.
二.相关知识点精讲
1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:
Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指
同一人或同一物时,谓
语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前
只有一个冠词。例如:
The iron
and steel industry is very important to our life.
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钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
典型例题
The League secretary and monitor
___ asked to make a speech
at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
答案B. 注:
先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用
过去时,先排除A.,C。本题易误选D,因为The
League secretary
and monitor
好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor
前没有the,在
英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用
and
相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B。
2. 主谓一致中的靠近原则
1)当there be
句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语
保持一致。例如:
There is
a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
桌
上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。
There are twenty boy-
students and twenty-three girl-students
in the
class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。
2)当either… or…
与neither…
nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动
词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here,
there引导,而主
语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
Here
is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.
给你
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笔、信封和纸。
3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语有with, together with,
like, except, but, no less than,
as well as
等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。
例如:
The teacher
together with some students is visiting the
factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。
He as well as I
wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。
4. 谓语需用单数的情况
1)代词each以及由every, some, no,
any等构成的复合代词作
主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如:
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。
There is something wrong with my watch.
我的表坏了。
2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of
English.
《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。
3)表示金钱,时间,价格
或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把
这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary
preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。
Ten yuan is
enough. 十元够了。
5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数
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1)代词what, which, who, none,
some, any, more, most,
all
等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:
All is right.
一切顺利。
All are present. 人都到齐了。
2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,
audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committ
ee等词后,
谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调
该集体的整体。
例如:
His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。
His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle,
poultry等在任何情况
下都用复数形式。例如:
Are there any
police around? 附近有警察吗?
3)有些名词,如variety,
number, population, proportion,
majority
等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如:
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number
of books have lent out.
The majority of
the students like English.
6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况
1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots
of, plenty of
等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词代词保持一致。
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例如:
Most of his
money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书
上了。
Most
of the students are taking an active part in
sports.
大部分学生积极参与体育运动。
2)用a portion of, a
series of, a pile of, a panel of
等引
起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如: A series of accidents has
been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。
A pile of lots
was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。
3)如 many a
或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词
多用单数形式。但由more
than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后
的名词或代词保持一致。例如:
Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the
city.
百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。
三.巩固练习
( ) 1.
The number of people invited ______ fifty, but
a number of them _______ absent for
different reasons.
A. were, was
B. was, was
C. was, were
D. were, were
( ) 2. E-mail, as well as
telephones, ________ an
important part in
daily communication.
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