关键词不能为空

当前您在: 主页 > 英语 >

高中英语语法知识点归纳(一)介绍

作者:高考题库网
来源:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao
2020-10-30 19:13
tags:高中英语语法

快速背古诗的方法-六一儿童节英文

2020年10月30日发(作者:金月石)


v1.0 可编辑可修改
第一章名词性从句


在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于
名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因 此根据它在句
中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

一. 主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动 词之前或由形式主语it
代替,而本身放在句子末尾。

1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较
It 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语 从句的连接词没有变化。而
it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都 可用连词that。
被强调部分指人时也可用whowhom。例如:
a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。
b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not. 我对你成功与否不感兴
趣。
c) It is in the morning that the murder took place. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。
(强调句型)
d) It is John that broke the window. 是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型)

2. 用it 作形式主语的结构
(1) It is + 名词 + 从句
It is a fact that … 事实是…
It is an honor that …非常荣幸
It is common knowledge that …是常识
(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句
It is natural that… 很自然…
1


v1.0 可编辑可修改
It is strange that… 奇怪的是…
(3) It is + 不及物动词 + 从句
It seems that… 似乎…
It happened that… 碰巧…
It appears that… 似乎…
(4) It + 过去分词 + 从句
It is reported that… 据报道…
It has been proved that… 已证实…
It is said that… 据说…

3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况:
(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。
(2)It is said reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.
错误表达:That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.
(3)It happensoccurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.
错误表达:That he failed in the examination occurred to him.
(4)It doesn’t matter howwhether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.
错误表达:Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.
(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时,主语从句不可提前。例如:
正确表达:Is it likely that it will rain in the evening
错误表达:Is that will rain in the evening likely

4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别
what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分,如主语.宾语.表语,而that 则
2


v1.0 可编辑可修改
不然。例如:
a) What you said yesterday is right.
b) That she is still alive is a consolation



二.宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词
之后。

1. 作动词的宾语
(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如:
I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。
(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句,例如:
a) She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么。
b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me. 我想知道你是否
能帮我改一下笔记。
(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如:
She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她对我说她会接受我的
邀请。

2. 作介词的宾语,例如:
Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another. 我们的
成功取决于我们之间的合作。

3. 作形容词的宾语,例如:
I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。

注意:that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语:anxious, aware, certain, confident,
3


v1.0 可编辑可修改
convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed,
disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的
that 从句的看作原因状语从句。

4. it 可以作为形式宾语
it 不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾,
特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如:
We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。

5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词
这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn,
celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作
宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:
正确表达:I admire their winning the match.
错误表达:I admire that they won the match.

6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词
有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中,常见的有envy, order,
accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如:
正确表达:He impressed the manager as an honest man.
错误表达:He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.

7. 否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess,
imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转 移到主句谓语上,从句谓
语用肯定式。例如:
I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。

三. 表语从句
4


v1.0 可编辑可修改
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词
+表语从句” 。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的
that常可省略。另外,常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例
如:
1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.
2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.
3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.
4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

四. 同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。

1. 同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:
1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the
people.
2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.

2. 同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。例如:
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1) 定语从句中的that既 代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),而同位
语从句中的that是连词,只起连接 主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分。
(2) 定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对 先行词加以限定,描述定的性质或特
征;同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如:
1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消
5


v1.0 可编辑可修改
息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句,that在从句中作宾语)
2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)
(同位语从句,that在句中不作任何成分)





高一英语名词性从句专项练习
1.____he does has nothing to do with me.
A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If
2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____
A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about
C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about
3. Energy is ____makes thing work..
A. what B. something C. anything D. that
4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be
admitted into universities.
A. while B. that C. when D. as
5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.
A. there B. in which C. where D. when
6. They have no idea at all____.
A. where he has gone B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone
7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the
disease.
A. that B. which C. of which D. of that
8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.
A. that had to leave B. that; should leave
6


v1.0 可编辑可修改
C. must leave D. when; should leave
9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.
A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether
10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.
A. that B. which C. whether D. if
11. Is _____he said really true
A. that B. what C. why D. whether
meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.
A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where
13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.
A. while B. if C. that D. for
14. _____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.
A. Whether B. This C. who D. If
will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.
A. What B. That C. Whether D. If
16. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.
A. What B. That C. Who D. How
the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.
A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That what
18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.
A. What B. It C. All that D. That
19. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.
A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped
20. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What B. That C. How D. Where

Keys:
7


v1.0 可编辑可修改
1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA



第二章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配讲解




用法及其句型 和固定搭配,是高中英语语法的重点、难点,又是近几年高考的热
点,因此应给予充分的重视,现将it 用法归纳如下:
一、It用作实词
表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this, that;替代前文中的内容;指代
一位性 别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、
气候、距离等自然 现象……
二、It用作形式主语
替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名
词置于句尾。
It 作形式主语的常见句型:
1. 代作主语的动词不定式,其句型为
(1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述事件的形容词:easy, difficult, hard, necessary,
unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important,
unimportant, legal, illegal, well-mannered, ill-mannered, polite, impolite, clear,
obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous…
例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license.
(2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth.
此处adj. 通常为描述人的形容词:kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate,
thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise,
8


v1.0 可编辑可修改
crazy.
例 It's kind of you to help me with the problem.
(3) It替代作主语的动名词的常见句型
It's no gooduse doing…
It's (well)worth doing…
It's (well)worth one's while doingto do…
It's (well)worth while doing to do
例 It's no use crying over spilt milk.
2. It替代作主语的从句常见句型
(1) It is + noun +从句
例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office.
(2) It is adj. +clause
It's surprising that… (should)………竟然……
It's a pityshame that…(should)………竟然……
例 It's important that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.(=It's
of much importance that you should apologize to her for your rudeness.)
(3) It verb sb. + clause= It is v-ing + clause
It+surprisedelightinterestdisa ppointworrydisturbannoyamaze
botherconcernfrightenpleaseanger sb. that…
例 It worried me that she drove so fast.(= It was worrying that she drove
so fast.)
(4) It verb (to sb.) that…= sbsth verb to do
(verb = appear, seem, come about, emerge, follow, chance, happen, occur,
transpire, turn out , work out)
例 It (so) happenedchanced that they were out.(= They happenedchanced to
be out.)
(5) It is v-ed that…=sbsth is to do
9


v1.0 可编辑可修改
(verb=say, report, think, believe, hope, expect, agree, accept, decide,
determine, intend, plan, understand, know)
例 It is said that the couple have gotten divorced.(=The couple are said
to have gotten divorced.)
(6) It is v-ed that … (should)…
(verb=demand, request, require, order, suggest, advise, recommend
例 It is suggested that they should begin with the third question.
三、It作主语的句型
1. It takes sb. … to do…(=sb takes…to do…)某人用多长时间做某事
例 It took the men a week to mend our roof.(= The men took a week to mend
our roof.)
2. It's (just)(un)like sb. to do…(不)像某人做某事的风格
例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us.
3. It's (abouthigh) time that… should v-ed…是该做某事的时候了
例 It's(abouthigh) time that we should take action.
4. It's the x-th time (that) … have v-ed…第几次做某事了
例 It's the third time that he has failed the driving test.
5. It ishas been… since …continuous v-ed(延续性动词) 某动作已有多长时
间不发生了
例 It's 10 years that he lived here
6. It was(not)… before…过(不)了多长时间某动作发生了
例 It was not long before they arrived.
四、It 作形式宾语
用来替代作宾语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作宾语的从句、动词不定
式、动名词置于句尾。
It 作形式宾语的常见句型:
1. verb+ it+ (forof) to doclause (verb=think, believe, suppose,
10


v1.0 可编辑可修改
consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I think it hard for you to do the task on your own.I think it hard that
you'll do the task on your own.
2. verb+it+ (one's) doing (adj.=uselessworthworthwhile)(noun=no
useno goodworth one's whilea waste of timemoneyenergywords) (verb=think,
believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I'll make it worth your while telling me about his secret.
3. verb+it+ importantunimp ortantnecessaryunnecessarynaturalessential
that … (should)…
verb+it+of muchgreatnolittle importance that…(should)…
(verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…)
例 I think it important that you (should) attendthe conference.
4. verb + it+ as+ nounadj.+ clause (verb=accept, regard, take, see, view)
例 The lecturer takes it as encouraging when so many students attend his
lecture.
5. v. +it + prep. + that…
owe it to sb. that…把…归功于…
leave it to sb that…把…留给某人去做
take it for granted that …想当然
keep it in mind that…
例 Don't bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out.
6. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词后面,尤其是表示好恶的动词后,enjoy, like,
love, dislike, resent, hate, don't mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 宾语从句
紧跟it之后
例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can't.
7. It用在不能直接跟宾语从句的介词后面,宾语从句紧跟it之后(except that
例外)
11


v1.0 可编辑可修改
例 I'm for it that you will follow their advice.
五、强调句型
It iswas+被强调部分+ that(who)… 强调句型用来强调谓语动词以外的任何句子
成分。当被强调部分是人时也可以用who。
在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点:
1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句
例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity
2. 在强调原因状语从句时,只能强调由because所引导的从句
例 It was because he was ill that he didn't come to school yesterday.
3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上
例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was
my brother.
4. 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别
例 It was at 7 o'clock that he came here yesterday.( 强调句型)
It was 7 o'clock when he came here yesterday.(定语从句)
六、It 常用的固定搭配
1. make it
(1).在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达
例 It's hard to make it to the top in show business.
(2).在口语中相当于fix the date for,表示“约定好时间”
例 —Shall we meet next week
—OK. We just make it next Saturday.
2. as it is
(1).相当于in fact, in reality表示“事实上,实际情况是……”
例 We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won't
finish it until next week.
(2).相当于方式状语从句,表示“照原样”
12


v1.0 可编辑可修改
例 Leave the table as it is.
3. as it were 相当于as one might say, that is to say, 表示“也就是说,
可以说,换句话说”
例 He is, as it were, a modern Sherlock Holmes.
4. if it weren't for…if it hadn't been for…用来引导虚拟语气,相当于
without, or but for, 表示“如果不是……,要不是……”
例 If it weren't for Tom, I wouldn't be alive today.
5. that's it
(1). 相当于That's all. That's so much. 表示“至此为止,没有别的了”
例 You can have one more sweet, and that's it.
(2). 相当于 That's right.表示“对啦”
例 — I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”
—That's it.
6. catch it 在口语中,相当于be punishedscolded for doing sth. wrong. 表
示“因做错事而挨骂,受责备,受批评,受惩罚”
例 We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again.
7. have it
(1).相当于say, insist表示“说,主张,表明,硬说”
例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.
(2).相当于get to know something,表示“了解,知道,获悉”
例 I had it from John that she was going abroad.
8. have what it takes在口语中,相当于be well qualified for, 表示“具有成
功的条件”
例 You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.
9. so it seems appears.
10. Keep at it! (Don't give up!)相当于go on,表示“继续做,不放弃”
例 My teacher asked me to keep at it.
13


v1.0 可编辑可修改
11. Go it! (Go on!) 拼命干, 莽撞
12. Now you have done it! (You have done sth. wrong.)
13. Now you'll catch it! (You'll be punished.)
14. As it happened, … 在口语中,相当于it's a pity that…, 表示“真不凑
巧,真遗憾”
例 As it happened, they were out.
15. As it turned out,…在口语中,相当于it was found to be in the end, 表
示“最后被证明是”
例 As it turned out, his statement was false.
16. Such as it is(they are) 在口语中,相当于although it may not be worth
much, 表示“虽然没有多大价值”
例 You can borrow my exam notebook, such as it is.
17. Take itthings easy. 相当于Don't worry or don't hurry. 用来劝告别人,
表示“不要慌,别担心,存住气”
例 Take it easy! He will do it well.
18. Take it from me.在口语中,相当于believe me what I say.表示“请相信我
的话,我敢担保”
例 You can take it from me that he will make it this time.
19. For what it is worth…在口语中,相当于although I'm not sure it's of value,
表示“不管其价值如何”
例 Here is the article I promise you, for what it's worth.
20. Worth it 在口语中,相当于useful, 表示“有好处,值得做”
例 Don't hesitate about it! It's worth it.
21. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”
例 Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.
22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放弃
例 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it.
14


v1.0 可编辑可修改
23. It all dependsthat all depends 在口语中,相当于it hasn't been decided
yet, 表示“那得看情况,还没有定下来”
例 —Are you going to the countryside for holiday
—ItThat all depends.
24. It's up to sb. 在口语中,相当于it's decided by sb. 表示“由……决定,
由……负责,取决于……”
例 —Shall we go out for dinner
—It's up to you.

“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配专练

1. Was it during the Second World War_____ he died
which (88)
2. Is ____ necessary to complete the design before National Day
(89)
3. I don't think ____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
(91)
______ matter if he can't finish the job on time
(91)
5. It was not _____ she took off her glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film
star.
, that , that , that , then (92)
6. I was disappointed with the film. I had expected ______ to be much better.
(93)
7. It was not until 1920 ______ regular radio broadcasts began.
(94)
8. ______is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
15


v1.0 可编辑可修改
(95)
9. It was only when I reread this poems recently _____ I began to appreciate their
beauty.
(97)
10. I hate_____when people talk with their mouths full.
(98)
11. It is the ability to do the job _____ matters not where you come from or what
you are.
(2000)
like ___ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. (2004)
A. this B. that C. it D. one
13. —Do you like ___ here
—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is so nice.(全国卷)
A. this B. These C. That D. it
14. We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made ___ from some wood. (全
国卷)
A. it B. One C. Himself D. another
15. The foreign Minister said, _____ our hope that the two sides will work towards
peace.北京)
A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is
16. _____ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making
progress. (2004北京)
A. It B. As C. That D. What
17. — How often do you eat out(2004, 天津)
— ________, but usually once a week.
A. Have no idea B. It depends C. As usual D. Generally speaking
18. We wanted to get home before dark, but it didn't quite _____ as planed. (2004
16


v1.0 可编辑可修改
浙江卷)
A. make out B. turn out C. go on D. come up
19. — What do you want to do next We have half an hour until the basketball game.
—________. Whatever you want to do is fine with me.
A. It just depends B. It's up to you C. All right D. Glad to hear
that
20. It was ____ back home after the experiment.
A. not until midnight did he go
B. until midnight that he didn't go
C. not until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn't go

KEYS:

1-5 ACDDB 6-10 DCDBA 11-15 ACDBD 16-20 BBBBC



第三章 高中英语语法中的省略现象



在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了 ,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些句子
成分而保持句子愿意不变,这种语言现象称之为省略。 现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下:

一、并列复合句中的省略
在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如:
a) The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy ) handed it to a policeman.
这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。
b) Your advice made me happy but(your advice made) Tom angry .你的建议使我高兴但
17


v1.0 可编辑可修改
使汤姆生气。
c) Tom must have been playing basketball and Mary (must have been)doing her homework.
汤姆肯定一直在打篮球,玛丽一直在写作业。
d) Gao Xiumin was born in 1959 and Fu Biao (was born) in 1963.高秀敏出生于1959
年,傅彪出生于1963年。

二、主从复合句中的省略
1.状语从句中的省略
一般说来省略现象多出现在下列五种状语从句中:由 when ,while ,as ,before, after ,
till, until, once等引导的时间状语从句;由whether ,if , unless 等引导的条件状语
从句;由though , although ,even if ,whatever等引导的让步状语从句;由 as ,than 等
引导的比较状语从句;由as, as if , as though 等引导的方式状语从句。上述状语从句
在省略时应遵循下面原则:
1) 当状语从句的主语与 主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be,这时从
句中可出现如下结构:(1) 连词(as, as if , once)+ 名词; (2) 连词( though, whether ,
when)+形容词;(3) 连词(whether, as if ,while )+介词短语;(4) 连词(when , while ,
though )+ 现在分词; (5) 连词(when ,if ,even if ,unless ,once ,until, than , as )
+ 过去分词; (6) 连词(as if ,as though ) + 不定式。如:
a) Once (he was)a worker ,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .庞龙曾经是个工
人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。
b) Work hard when (you are) young ,or you'll regret.趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会
后悔的。
c) He looked everywhere as if (he was)in search of something .他到处看似乎在找什
么东西。
d) While (he was) holding talks with President Hu Jintao ,US President George W.
Bush thanked China for its important role in the Six-Party Talks.美国总统布什在
与胡锦涛主席会谈时,感谢中国在六方会谈中起的重要作用。
18


v1.0 可编辑可修改
e) The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected .这次展览比被预料的
有趣的多。
f) Olympic gold medallist hurdler Liu Xiang opened his lips as if (he were) to speak。
奥林匹克金牌获得者跨栏运动员刘翔张开嘴好像要说什么。
注意:
1) 当从句的主语和主句的宾语一致时,间或也有这样的省略,如:
Her father told her to be careful when (she was)crossing the street.当她过马路时
父亲告诉她要当心。
2) 当从句的主语是 it,谓语动词中又含有系动词be 时 ,可以把it和系动词be一起省
略。此时构成连词(if , unless ,when , whenever)+形容词的结构。如:
Unless (it is) necessary ,you'd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要,
你最好不要查字典。

2.定语从句中的省略
1) 一般说来,在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词 that ,which , whom 可以省略;
如:
Is this reason (that) he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work
这就是他在会上解释他工作中粗心的原因吗(2002上海春季)
而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词 which , whom 不可以省略。试比较:
Tom (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.( whom可以省) 你昨天见到的汤姆病倒了。
Tom , whom you saw yesterday ,fell ill. ( whom不可以省) 汤姆病倒了,你昨天见到
他了。
2)在口语和非正式用语中,关系副词when ,where , 和 why 经常用that 来代替,甚至还
可省略。如:
a) This is the first time (whenthat)he had trouble with the boss.这是他第一次
麻烦老板。
b) He wants to find a good place (wherethat) we can have a picnic during the “golden
19


v1.0 可编辑可修改
week ”holiday .他想找一个能在黄金周期间野餐的好地方。
c) Could you tell us the reason (whythat)he was so unhappy 你能告诉我们他为什
么如此不高兴吗
3)当先行词为表示方式的 the way 时 ,从句不能用 how 来引导 ,应该用that 或 in
which ,或将它们全部省略。如:
I don't like the way (thatin which) you laugh at her.我不喜欢你嘲笑他的行为。
3.宾语从句中的省略
1)在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连词that 一般可以省略;但如果及物动词后面是
由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列的宾语从句 ,那么只有第一个that可以省略。如:
a) I think (that) the reform of the renminbi's exchange rate is necessary. 我认
为人民币兑换率的改革是必要的。
b) He said (that)the Anti-secession law had been passed and that President Hu Jintao
had signed a presidential order 他说《 反分裂国家法》已被通过,而且胡锦涛主席已
签署了主席令。
2)由 which , when ,where , how,和 why 引导的 宾语从句,可以全部或部分省略。如:
a) I know that NBA star Yao Ming will come to our city but I don’t know when (he
will come to our city).我知道NBA明星要到我们城市来但我不知道他什么时候来。
b) He wants to move abroad but his parents wonders why (he wants to move abroad)
他想搬迁到国外但他的父母想知道为什么。
4.在与suggest ,request ,order ,advise 等词相关的名词性从句中,须用虚拟语气形式
“should +动词原形”,should可以省略。如:
Chirac, President of the Republic of France suggested that the China-France Culture
Year (should) last long in various forms.法国总统希拉克建议中法文化年以各种各样
的形式长期持续。
5.主句省略多用于句首。如:
(It is a ) Pity that I didn’t go to Mary's birthday party yesterday.很遗憾,我
昨天没有去参加玛丽的生日聚会。
20


v1.0 可编辑可修改
6.在答语中,主句可全部省略。如:
—Why were you absent from school last Friday —(I was absent from school)Because
my mother was ill. —上周五你为什么没有上学 —因为我妈妈病了。




三、简单句中的省略
1.省略主语
1)祈使句中的主语通常被省略 如:
(You) Open the door, please. 请开一下门。
2) 其它省略主语多限于现成的说法 如:
a) (I) Thank you for your help 谢谢你的帮助。
b) (It)Doesn’t matter.没关系。
2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分 如:
a) (There is) No smoking. 禁止抽烟
b) (Is there)anything else 还有其他事吗
c) (You come)This way please.请这边走。
d) (Will you) Have a smoke 抽烟吗
3.省略宾语 如:
—Do you know Mr. Li 你认识李先生吗— I don’t know (him.) 我不认识他
4.省略表语 如:
—Are you thirsty 你30岁了吗 Yes , I am (thirsty). 是的,我是。
5.同时省略几个成分 如:
a) —Are you feeling better now 你觉得好些了吗 —(I am feeling ) Much better (now)
好多了。
b) (I wish) Good luck (to you) .祝你好运祝你顺利。

四、动词不定式省略,只保留to 的场合
21


v1.0 可编辑可修改
1.不定式作某些动词的宾语时,这些动词常见的有:love, like, care, wish, hope, expect,
prefer, refuse, mean , try , oblige , advise , persuade , agree , want , afford ,
forget , remember , try , manage等。如:
a)— You should have thanked her before you left . —I meant to ,but when I was
leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.—你本该在离开前谢谢她。—我本打算这么做,但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。(2000上海春)
b) You can do it this way if you like to .如果你想做,你可以这么做。
2.不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时,这些动词常见的有:ask , tell ,advise,
force, persuade, wish, allow, permit , forbid ,expect, order ,warn 等。如 :
a) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ,but his mother told him not
to. 男孩想在街上骑他的自行车,但他母亲不让。(NMET1995)
b) She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to (come). 她想来,可是
她父母不让。
3.不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时,常见的形容词有:happy, glad ,eager , anxious ,
willing , ready 等。如:
— I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my cat —
Not at would be happy to (look after your cat). —我要出差,你能帮我照顾一下我
的猫吗—没关系,我很愿意。
4.不定式作某些复合谓语时,常见结构如:be able to, be going to, have to, ought to,
used to等。如:
He doesn’t like fish but he used to 他现在不喜欢吃鱼,但过去喜欢。

五、动词不定式to 的省略
1.主语部分有to do ,系动词 is 或 was 时 ,作表语的不定式通常省去to。如:
The only thing you have to do is press the button.你必须做的惟一事情是按按钮。
2.作介词but ,expect ,besides 的宾语,前面又有实意动词 do时,不定式通常省去to.
如:
22


v1.0 可编辑可修改
He said that Chen Shuibian had nothing to do except push a pro-“independence”
timetable.他说陈水扁除了推进支持“独立”的时间表外,什么也没有做。
3.主语部分暗含to do,表语中的不定式通常省去to。如:
All I want (to do) is go to school and study hard .我想要(做)的就是上学,努
力学习。
4.当两个或多个不定式并列时,其后的不定式符号可以省略,但有对比关系时不可省略。
如:
It is easier to say than to do . 说起来容易,做起来难。
5.在would rather…than… 等结构中,不定式符号常常要省略. 如:
I would rather stay at home than go to see a film.我宁愿呆在家也不愿去看电影。
6.在see ,watch ,notice ,hear, listen to ,look at ,feel ,have, make, let ,observe
等词后作宾语补足语时省略不定式符号to;why (not) do 结构 中, 不定式不带to。如:
a) I saw her enter the room. 我看见她进入了房间
b) Why not join us 为什么不加入到我们的行列里来呢

六.其他一些省略结构
1.名词所有格修饰的名词,若表示住宅、店铺、教堂或 上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物
时,常常可以省略。如:
We spent the weekend at the Mary's. 我们在玛丽家过的周末。
2.What和 how引导的感叹句中,常可省略主语 it 和be动词 如:
a) What a wonderful victory (it is ) for Tom ! 这对Tom来说是个多么大的胜利呀!
b) How beautiful (it is ) to be treated like a normal child. 被当作一个正常孩子
对待对他而言是多么美妙的一件事呀。


第四章 主谓一致



23


v1.0 可编辑可修改
主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement),指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is
going abroad. They are playing football. 可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致.

(一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意
事项:
1. 单数主语即使后面带有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除
了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in
addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数.
如: Air as well as water is matter. 空气和水都是物质.
No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了两个仆人外, 没有一个人
迟来用餐。

2. 用and连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否
则用复数. 如:
The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家来了.(一个人)
A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 锤子和锯都是有用的工具. (两样物)
用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包),
knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如:
Serving the people is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我最大的幸福.
When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.
我们什么时候出去郊游已决定了。

4. 用连接的并列主语被each, every 或no修饰时, 谓语动词用单数.
Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每个男孩和每个女孩都喜欢去游泳.
No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 没有老师也没有学生开会缺
24


v1.0 可编辑可修改
席.
Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每个男人和每个女人都被请去帮忙。

5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如:
Each of us has something to say. 我们每个人都有话要说。
6. 若主语中有more than one 或many aan , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍
用单数。 但more+复数名词+than one做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如:
Many a boy likes playing basketball. 许多男生都喜欢打篮球.
More than one student was late. 不只一个学生迟到
More persons than one come to help us. 不止一个人来帮助我们。

7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作
单数,因而谓语动词要用单数. 如:
None of us are (is) perfect. 人无完人。
None of this worries me. 这事一点不使我着急。

8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须
用复数. 如:
His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如:
A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼镜。

9. 形复意单名词如:news 以ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics;
国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方
夜谈>; 以及The United Nations<联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。

10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词”
等作主语时, 谓语动词要用单数. 如:
Only one and a half apples is left on the table.
注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如:
25


v1.0 可编辑可修改
One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。

(二) 内容一致原则:
1.主语中有all, half, most, the rest等, 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动
词单复数取决于连用的名词.如:
The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行车, 今天出售。
60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 这个苹果的60%都被这个小男孩吃了。
Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的苹果都是烂的。
Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 这个苹果的大部分被老鼠吃了。

2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty
of等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如:
A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科书已运到。
A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 这个苹果的一部分被猪吃光了。

3. 加减乘除用单数.如:
Fifteen minus five is ten . 15减去5等于10。

4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一
的概念时, 其谓语动词用单数.如:
Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一个相当的距离。

5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用
作复数.如:
The British police have only very limited powers.
(2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.
(3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family,
enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如:
The committee hashave decided to dismiss him. 委员会决定解雇他。
26


v1.0 可编辑可修改

6. the +形容词过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如:
The injured were saved after the fire.

(三) 就近原则
1. 由here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它
的主语在数上一致.如:
Here comes the bus 公共汽车来了.
Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 给你一支钢笔和几张纸。
Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away
你不在这儿的时候, 你爱人和孩子在哪儿呆呢

2. 用连词or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等连接的并列主语,
谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致。 如:
Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 学生和老师都不知道
这事.
He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的钢笔。
注意: one of +复数名词+whothatwhich 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如:
Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。
The only one of +复数名词+ 引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为
单数。
Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。

主谓一致练习
1. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____
from the north and foreign countries.
A. areis B. areare C. isare D. are
2. Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____.
27


v1.0 可编辑可修改
A. isyears B. areyear old C. isyears old D. areyears of age
3. Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground.
A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing
4. The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand.
A. are B. has C. have D. is
5. Thirty dollars _____ too expensive.
A. are B. is C. were D. be
6. The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall.
A. is B. are C. was D. has
7. The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now.
A. are speaking B. is speaking C. were making a speech D. have a speech
8. anybody _____, please put down _____ name,said the teacher to the monitor.
A. wants to buy the bookhis B. want to buy the booktheir
C. will buy the bookone's D. wants to have the book boughther
9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room.
A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left
10. Having arrived at the station, _____.
A. it was found that the train had left &nb, sp; B. th, e trai, n had left
C. the train was found left D. he found that the train had left
11. Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called
A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand
12. Either of you _____ going there tonight.
A. will B. was C. is D. are
13. You as well _____ right.
A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are
14. All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term.
A. are B. is C. were D. was
28


v1.0 可编辑可修改
15. -- Shall I wait here for three hours
--Yes. Three hours ___, __ t, , , , , o wait for such a doctor.
A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough fo, , , , , r you
C. was not long enough for you D. will be too long for you
16. Where to get the materials and how to get them _____ at the meeting.
A. have not discussed B. have not been discussed
C. has not discussed D. has not been discussed
17. I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for
me to make further research in this field.
A. what is B. they are C. this D. which are
18. Every student and every teacher _____.
A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meeting
C. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting
19. Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left
on the table.
A. was eatenwere B. were eatenwas C. were eatenwere D. was eatenwas
20. This pair of shoes _____.
A. is her B. is hers C. are hers D. are her
______ no life on the moon.
A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to
be
group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill
A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps grasses leaves
C. sheep; grass leaf D. sheeps grass leafs
family raise a lot of _______, including two______.
A. cattles cows B. cows cattle C. cattle cows D. cow, cattles
he says and what he does_______.
29


v1.0 可编辑可修改
A. does not agree B. do not agree C. does not agree with D. not agree
boy and the girl each ______ toys.
A. have their own B. has their own C. have her own D. has her own
is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children.
A. woman, writes B. women write C. women writes D. woman write
railway station is ______from our school.
A. two hour`s drive B. two hours` drive C. two hour drive D. two hours drive
and John`s ______.
A. father is a teacher B. fathers are teachers
C. father are teachers D. fathers are teacher
great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem
to be aimless.
A. is occurred B. are occurred C. occurs D. occur
the classroom needs to be cleaned.
A. Either the offices or B. The offices and C. Both the office and D. The
office and
of the homework ______today.
A. has finished B. has been finished C. have finished D. have been finished
than 60 percent of the world’s radio programmes ______in England.
A. is B. was C. are D. be
33. ______work has been done to improve the people`s living standard
great deal of great many large number of
rest of the magazines ______ within half an hour.
sold out sold out sold out sold out
______ a lot of sugar in the jar.
A. has
36. “All ______present and all ______going on well”, our monitor said.
30


v1.0 可编辑可修改
is , are is are
the League secretary and monitor ______ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
.
as well as her sisters ______ Chinese in China.
studying studied
rich______ not always happy.

40. ______can be done ______done.
, have been that ,have been has that ,has been
of the plans ______equally dangerous.

police ______the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.
searching searching for
searching searching for
trousers ______dirty, you must have______ washed.
it it them them
Olympic games ______held every four ______.
years years year year
is the oly one of the students who______elected.

46. ______a good enough price for this book
yuans are yuan are yuans is yuan is
bird and no beast ______in the lonely island
seen seen
means ______prevent the water from______
used to polluting B. get used to polluting
used to , polluted used to ,being polluted
31


v1.0 可编辑可修改
of the ______in the ship.
has his own room B. passengers have their own room
have their own room has his own room
we need ______good textbooks.

you said just now______to do with the matter we are discussing.
something something something something
your parents or your elder brother ______to attend the meeting tomorrow.
going
of the novels which ______popular with us ______been translated into Chinese.
has have have has
boy and every girl ______to attend the evening party.
hoping
has been done.
—nine percents of the work B. Half of what he promised
C. Two-fifths of the articles D. Three quarter of the business

答案:
1-5 BDDDB 6-10 ABACD 11-15 ACDAB 16-20 DBCDB
21-25 CACBA 26-30CBACA 31-35 CCADC 36-40CBCAD
41-45 BBCBD 46-50 DBDDB 51-55 BAABB





32


v1.0 可编辑可修改













33


v1.0 可编辑可修改

















34


v1.0 可编辑可修改















35


v1.0 可编辑可修改


36

蓓蕾的拼音-19的英语怎么读


同系物是什么-什么叫有理数


元气是什么意思-考研英语二如何复习


sports怎么读-滚瓜烂熟的意思


decisive-邪典


飓怎么读-Lazarus


膀怎么读-与人的拼音


看见读后感-大数据英文



本文更新与2020-10-30 19:13,由作者提供,不代表本网站立场,转载请注明出处:https://www.bjmy2z.cn/gaokao/433497.html

高中英语语法知识点归纳(一)介绍的相关文章